内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗消化道早期癌及癌前病变长期疗效的单中心回顾性队列分析

目的研究内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗消化道早癌或癌前病变的长期疗效以及术后复发的影响因素。方法收集73例患者的临床及随访资料。采用Kaplan-Meier法,Log-rank和Breslow检验,以及Cox风险比例模型进行统计学分析。结果胃和结直肠ESD术后中位无复发生存时间(DFS)大于该研究最长随访时间(65个月),食管中位生存时间为44.5个月;与胃和结直肠相比,食管ESD术后DFS明显减少(χ~2=12.61,P=0.000;χ~2=7.09,P=0.008);病灶异型程度(浸润深度)和病灶面积影响ESD术后DFS(P=0.027,OR=2.38,95%CI:1.10~5.12;P=0.074,OR=0.90,95%CI:0.80~1.01)。结论 ESD术是切除消化道早期癌和癌前病变并维持长期不复发的有效内镜下手术方法 ;异型程度(浸润深度)是影响ESD术后DFS的独立危险因素;病灶面积在影响ESD术后的DFS方面具有临床意义。     

全数字化乳腺X线立体定位及切除技术对触诊阴性乳腺病灶的应用

目的：探讨全数字化乳腺X线立体定位及切除技术对触诊阴性乳腺病灶的应用价值。方法对146例乳腺触诊阴性病灶行X线检查确定病灶位置,采用导丝立体定位乳腺病灶,根据定位导丝指引完整切除病灶及定位导丝,切除标本行X线检查,证实预定病灶已完整切除,标本做病理检查,确定病灶的病理类型。结果146例乳腺病灶中乳腺癌21例,占14.38%（21/146）,癌前病变（非典型增生17例,导管内乳头状瘤病6例）共23例,占15.75%（23/146）,良性病变102例,占（69.86%,102/146）。结论立体定位切除活检对触诊阴性乳腺病灶定位准确,可以早期发现乳腺癌及癌前病变,对提高乳腺癌的早期诊断率、提高乳腺癌的二级预防具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Anterolateral ankle impingement: findings and diagnostic accuracy with ultrasound imaging

Objective The objective was to evaluate the findings and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in antero-lateral ankle impingement (ALI) with clinical and arthroscopic correlation. Design and patients Seventeen elite footballers with chronic ankle pain were referred for ultrasound with a clinical diagnosis of ALI (n = 8) or a control condition (n = 9; lateral mechanical instability, osteochondral defect, intra-articular bodies and osteoarthritis). Ultrasound examination included the antero-lateral gutter for abnormal synovial tissue (synovitic lesion), lateral ligament integrity, tibiotalar joint and osseous spurs of the distal tibia and talus. Ultrasound findings were correlated with subsequent arthroscopic appearance. Results Ultrasound examination detected a synovitic mass in the antero-lateral gutter in all 8 footballers with clinical ALI (100%) and in 2 patients with a control diagnosis (22%). Arthroscopic correlation of antero-lateral synovitis and fibrosis was present in all 10 cases (100%). The synovitic lesion was seen at ultrasound as a nodular soft tissue mass of mixed echogenicity within the antero-lateral gutter, which extruded anteriorly with manual compression of the distal fibula against the tibia. Increased blood supply was detected using power Doppler imaging in only 1 patient. The synovitic lesion measured >10 mm in its maximum dimension in 7 footballers with clinical ALI and <10 mm in the control group. Additional ultrasound findings in patients with abnormal antero-lateral synovial tissue included an anterior talofibular ligament injury in all patients (n = 10), a tibiotalar joint effusion (n = 6) and osseous spurs (n = 4). Antero-lateral synovitic tissue was accurately identified at ultrasound in the absence of an effusion (n = 4). No synovitic lesion was detected at ultrasound or arthroscopy in the remaining 7 patients with a control diagnosis. Conclusion Ultrasound is accurate in detecting synovitic lesions within the antero-lateral gutter, demonstrating associated ligamentous injuries and in differentiating soft tissue from osseous impingement. Synovitic lesions in two control patients suggest that abnormal antero-lateral soft tissue does not necessarily imply the presence of symptomatic ALI. Synovitic lesions in excess of 10 mm were associated with symptoms. Ultrasound will not demonstrate osteocartilaginous lesions or stress fractures and may overlook some loose bodies. Ultrasound findings together with clinical correlation can be used to direct arthroscopic examination and surgical debridement.     

分类决策树辅助CT诊断孤立性肺结节的方法学研究

目的 应用分类与回归决策树(CART)算法构建CT显像鉴别良恶性孤立性肺结节(SPN)预测模型,探讨数据挖掘技术在SPN影像诊断中的应用价值.方法 分别提取12个临床指标和22个CT征象指标作为CART预测SPN良恶性的输入指标.连续性纳入自2003年7月至2006年7月间经病理证实的SPN,且术前行CT检查的患者116例,其中良性结节62例,恶性结节54例.采用CART建立用于预测良恶性SPN的分类决策树模型,并通过交互印证的方法计算该模型的诊断准确性.同时设低年资医师诊断组和高年资医师诊断组,采用盲法进行独立阅片判断SPN的良恶性.采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线比较3组间的诊断效能.结果 (1)成功建立了能够判断SPN良恶性的CART诊断模型,其中含有8条诊断规则,最低相对错误代价为0.199,CART对SPN具有决策意义的最重要的前3位决策指标为结节的毛刺征、患者年龄和病灶部位.(2)CART、高年资医师和低年资医师对SPN良恶性诊断的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.910±0.029、0.827±0.038、0.612±0.052.CART与低年资医师ROC曲线下面积差(DBF)=0.297,P＜0.01;与高年资医师DBF=0.083,P＜0.05;高年资医师与低年资医师DBF=0.214,P＜0.01.CART诊断效能高于高年资医师和低年资医师,高年资医师高于低年资医师.结论 CART是具有强大学习能力的数据挖掘工具,可以对SPN的良恶性进行正确判断,为实现人工智能在影像诊断中的应甩提供重要的方法学依据.     

干燥综合征的中医诊治方法与思路

本文从病因病机、脏腑辨症阐述中医中药对干燥综合征(SS)的诊治方法与思路,突出中医药在SS早期介入的重要性,以延缓疾病进展,指导临床治疗。强调SS在病程中出现器质性病变时,注重运用中医中药进行免疫调节以改善病情,严重时需加用糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂,以提高临床疗效。     

改良斜轴位磁共振成像扫描在距腓前韧带损伤中的应用价值

目的  评估改良斜轴位磁共振成像（MRI）检查对慢性踝关节不稳患者距腓前韧带损伤诊断的可靠性及有效性。方法  选取2013年1月-2015年11月从该院预行踝关节镜检查的住院患者中招募研究对象。所有研究对象行踝关节常规轴位及改良斜轴位MRI检查,利用MRI图像评估距腓前韧带损伤,对比上述检查对韧带全长的显示效果,利用ICC指数评估观察者间一致性,以踝关节镜检查结果作为金标准,评估上述检查的敏感性、特异性、阴性预测值,阳性预测值、准确性。结果  招募91例研究对象。其中,男性49例,女性42例,平均（34.6±13.2）岁。常规轴位MRI显示,效果与改良斜轴位MRI的差异有统计学意义（观察者A：Z =-4.987,P =0.000;观察者B：Z =-4.084,P =0.000）,斜轴位MRI检查观察者间ICC指数为0.943,95%CI：0.902,0.987。共有60例患者经关节镜检查确诊为距腓前韧带损伤。改良斜轴位MRI检查的敏感性、特异性、阴性预测值、阳性预测值及准确度：观察者A分别为92%、97%、86%、98%和95%;观察者B分别为95%、94%、91%、97%和95%。结论  对于诊断距腓前韧带损伤,改良斜轴位MRI检查具有很好的观察者间一致性以及突出的诊断价值,可以较好地显示韧带全长,值得在临床推广应用。

     

HPV L1壳蛋白在宫颈病变诊断及随访中的临床意义

目的：探讨宫颈脱落细胞HPV L1壳蛋白检测在宫颈病变诊断及随访中的临床意义。方法：选取2013年1月至2014年6月在温州市中心医院宫颈液基细胞学检查（TCT）诊断≥未明确诊断意义的不典型鳞状上皮细胞（ASCUS）,HPV病毒基因分型检测高危型HPV阳性276例患者,检测HPV L1壳蛋白在子宫颈病变中表达情况。结果：①HPV L1壳蛋白在低度鳞状上皮内病变（LSIL）、ASCUS、非典型鳞状上皮-不除外高度病变（ASC-H）/高度鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）/鳞状上皮浸润癌（SCC）中的表达率分别是70.09%、55.46%、10.00%,3者间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。②HPV L1壳蛋白在组织病理学诊断慢性子宫颈炎（CC）、CINI、CINII-III和SCC中的阳性表达率分别是63.55%、75.32%、21.59%、0.00%,不同组间的HPV L1壳蛋白表达率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。③在高危型HPV基因阳性妇女中,HPV L1壳蛋白联合TCT及单独TCT对诊断组织病理学≥CINII的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别是88.89%、46.73%;88.65%、96.20%;71.43%、86%和96.15%、78.32%。④对31例CINI妇女随访1年,结果发现CINI妇女中HPV L1壳蛋白阳性者和HPV L1壳蛋白阴性者相比,1年病变自然消退率高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;HPV L1壳蛋白预测CINI患者病变消退的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为91.67%、57.89%、57.89%、91.67%。结论：①HPV L1壳蛋白随着子宫颈病变程度增高表达率下降;②在高危型HPV基因阳性妇女中,宫颈脱落细胞HPV L1壳蛋白检测联合TCT比单独TCT预测组织学病理≥CINII有更高的敏感度（88.89% vs 46.73%）和阴性预测值（96.15% vs 78.32%）;③在CINI随访妇女中,HPV L1壳蛋白阳性妇女CINI自然消退率更高,有较高的预测CINI病变消退的敏感度和阴性预测值,值得临床推广。     

肠系膜血管病变引起的急腹症八例报告

目的：全面认识肠系膜血管病变引起的急腹症的严重性，提高疗效。方法：对8例临床特点、治疗方法和效果进行了分析比较。结果：6例经手术病理证实，初诊多表现为急腹症，症状和体征不相符，5例误诊，1例术前确诊，2例肠系膜血管供血不足经CT及腹腔动脉造影明确诊断并经药物治疗，7例治愈，1例死亡。结论：该病较少见，症状和体征无特异性，难以做出准确的诊断，B超和CT是较敏感的检查，对诊断有积极的作用。早期切除坏死肠段，包括静脉阻塞的肠系膜部分，术中和术后抗凝治疗是预防复发、降低病死率的重要措施。     

Diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic approaches to intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm

Pancreatic cystic lesions are increasingly identified on routine imaging. One specific lesion, known as intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), is a mucinous, pancreatic lesion characterized by papillary cells projecting from the pancreatic ductal epithelium. The finding of mucin extruding from the ampulla is essentially pathognomonic for diagnosing these lesions. IPMNs are of particular interest due to their malignant potential. Lesions range from benign, adenomatous growths to high-grade dysplasia and invasive cancer. These mucinous lesions therefore require immediate attention to determine the probability of malignancy and whether observation or resection is the best management choice. Unresected lesions need long-term surveillance monitoring for malignant transformation. The accurate diagnosis of these lesions is particularly challenging due to the substantial similarities in morphology of pancreatic cystic lesions and limitations in current imaging technologies. Endoscopic evaluation of these lesions provides additional imaging, molecular, and histologic data to aid in the identification of IPMN and to determine treatment course. The aim of this article is to focus on the diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic approaches to IPMN.     

肝移植术后缺血型胆道病变的再移植治疗策略

目的探讨肝移植术后缺血型胆道病变的再移植的指征、手术时机的选择及免疫治疗策略。方法回顾性分析我中心自1999年7月至2007年2月10例肝移植术后缺血型胆道病变再移植治疗的病例。供肝植入均采用改良背驮式原位肝移植术,手术当天及第四天给予IL-2受体拮抗剂（舒莱）,术中不用激素冲击,术后采用他克莫司（FK506）,麦考酚酸酯（MMF）和激素（Pred）的常规三联或FK506和MMF两联免疫抑制治疗方案。结果10例病人中8例术后肝功能恢复良好,顺利痊愈出院,最长已存活42个月。2例死亡,分别于术后34、69 d死于严重的混合感染。术前MELD小于25分的7例患者无一例死亡,术前MELD大于25分的3例患者中2例死亡。结论肝移植术后发生缺血型胆道病变行再次肝移植是有效的治疗方法。术前对患者病情的准确评估,尽可能在MELD评分小于25分时进行再次肝移植治疗,有助于提高再移植的疗效。