幼儿铅负荷来源及其对神经行为影响的研究

目的探讨铅吸收的来源及铅暴露对学龄前儿童的影响.方法随机整体抽取太原市居民区某幼儿园211名4～6岁幼儿为对照组,工业区某幼儿园同年龄组96名为观察组,用火焰和石墨炉原子吸收法,测定两幼儿园空气、土壤、饮水、手尘铅含量及幼儿末梢血铅值,采用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)及自拟调查表作问卷调查.结果观察组空气、土壤、手尘及血铅水平均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),血铅与手尘铅显著正相关(r=0.3084,P＜0.05),观察组外向行为得分,行为问题发生率均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).多元逐步回归分析表明不良的卫生习惯是影响血铅水平的首要因素,手一口接触是铅进入机体主要途径,血铅值进入攻击、多动、违纪的回归方程.结论不良的卫生习惯直接影响幼儿铅负荷水平,铅暴露对外向行为产生负性影响.     

佛山市高明区283名铅作业工人职业健康检查结果分析

目的通过了解铅对作业工人健康状况的影响,为采取有效的保护措施提供依据。方法选取2012年佛山市高明区某企业283名铅作业工人的职业健康检查结果进行分析。结果283名铅作业工人平均血铅浓度为（388．30±197．49）μ/L,有130人的血铅超过400μg/L,超标率为45．94％;心电图异常检出率最高,达20．85％;血铅与血红蛋白间不存在显著的线性相关关系。结论企业应积极改进生产工艺,改善生产环境,加强防护措施,定期对工人进行体检。     

甘肃陇西不同地区黄芪中重金属含量的测定

目的：测定甘肃道地产区不同区域黄芪中重金属铅的含量。方法：采用湿法消解对样品进行处理,根据中国药典2010年版附录ⅨE.重金属检查法,硫代乙酰胺试液作显色剂,对重金属含量进行测定。结果：甘肃陇西不同地区黄芪中重金属铅的含量不超标。结论：中国药典2010版规定的重金属检测法比较适合较大量、需综合评价的中药材中重金属含量的检测。     

陶瓷厂铅作业对工人免疫功能的影响

对陶瓷厂铅作业工人的尿铅,唾液IgG,IgA和α-醋酸萘脂酶(ANAE)进行了测定。结果表明:在作业环境空气铅不超标(x=0.0193 mg/m~3),尿铅也不增加的状态下,观察组与对照组的唾液IgG、IgA和外周血ANAE比较,差异均有显著性。提示长期低剂量铅接触可引起免疫功能的改变。     

正常人头胸导联和常规导联右胸异常Q波的比较

目的:比较常规导联心电图及头胸导联心电图所记录的正常人右胸导联Q波的特征.材料与方法:采用导联心电图机及头胸导联心电图机分别检查50个正常成人(30名男性,20名女性)的右胸心电图,记录Q波出现的频率及幅度.结果:头胸导联所记录到的Q波数及Q波幅度均显著低于常规导联心电图.结论:正常人头胸导联心电图较常规心电图较少出现右胸假性异常Q波.     

Significance of exercise-induced ST changes in leads aVR,V5, and V1. Discrimination of patients with single- or multivessel coronary artery disease

BACKGROUND: It is known that exercise-induced ST-segment elevation in lead V1 (V1-E) detects left anterior descending (LAD) stenosis. It was also postulated that ST elevation in aVR and simultaneous ST depression in V5 (aVR-E + V5-D) is a marker of ischemia due to significant stenosis of the LAD in patients with single-vessel disease. HYPOTHESIS: This study was undertaken to investigate the significance of the concomitant appearance of both electrocardiographic (ECG) ischemic markers, and of each of them alone during exercise, to detect either LAD stenosis as single-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD), or multivessel CAD involving LAD stenosis. METHODS: A total of 196 consecutive patients (152 men and 44 women, mean age 54 +/- 7 years) with at least one of these ECG markers, who underwent treadmill exercise testing with the Bruce protocol and coronary arteriography, were studied. RESULTS: Patients were divided into three groups. In Group A (83 patients with V1-E + aVR-E & V5-D), 93% of patients with single-vessel disease had significant LAD stenosis (p<0.001), whereas 75% of patients with double-vessel disease had significant stenoses of the LAD and the left circumflex (LCx) coronary arteries (p<0.01). In Group B (97 patients with aVR-E & V5-D but without V1-E), 43% of patients with single-vessel disease had significant LAD stenosis (p<0.08), whereas 85% of patients with double-vessel disease had significant stenoses of the LAD and the right coronary artery (RCA) (p<0.01). In Group C (16 patients with only V1-E), 60% of patients with single-vessel disease had significant LAD stenosis (p<0.05), whereas 75% of patients with double-vessel disease had significant LAD and LCx stenoses (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The concomitant appearance of exercise-induced ST elevation in lead V1, ST elevation in lead aVR, and ST depression in lead V5, as well as the isolated appearance of ST elevation in lead V1 detect significant LAD stenosis as single-vessel disease, or significant stenoses of LAD and LCx arteries in patients with double-vessel disease, whereas the appearance of ST elevation in aVR & ST depression in V5 but without ST elevation in V1 correlates strongly with significant LAD and RCA stenoses and usually indicates double-vessel disease.     

某蓄电池厂铅污染及铅作业工人尿铅水平调杏

目的了解某蓄电池厂铅污染状况和铅作业工人尿铅水平,为制定相应的职业卫生对策提供依据。方法采用病例对照研究,选取41名铅作业工人作为接触组,40名不接触铅作业工人作为对照组。用冷消化双硫腙分光光度法测定尿铅含量,用火焰原子吸收光谱法检测作业场所空气中铅浓度,分析尿铅含量与空气中铅浓度、工种、工龄及性别的关系。结果该企业车间空气浓度的超标率为20．83％,接触组的尿铅超标率为63．41％,尿铅超标率和平均值在接触组与对照组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。各工种的尿铅超标率不存在统计学差异,空气浓度未超标车间也存在工人尿铅超标现象。尿铅含量与工龄性别之间差异无统计学意义。结论该蓄电池厂的铅作业工人受到明显的职业危害。企业必须采取有效的防治措施,改善职工作业环境,加强自我保护意识,定期监测,定期体检,保护职工身体健康。     

铅暴露对大鼠海马组织APP和tau蛋白表达影响

目的 探讨长期铅暴露对大鼠海马组织淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)和tau基因、蛋白表达影响。方法 将SPF级雌性SD大鼠随机分为3组,分别为对照组(去离子水),低、高剂量铅组(乙酸铅800、1 500 mg/L),所生雄性仔鼠分别继续饮用去离子水(对照组),300 mg/L(低剂量铅组),900 mg/L(高剂量铅组)乙酸铅溶液,分别与生后3周(PNW3)、中年期(PNW41)、老年期(PNW70)测定雄性仔鼠血、海马组织中铅含量;采用荧光定量PCR(qPCR)和蛋白印迹(WB)检测APP和tau mRNA及蛋白表达水平。结果 与对照组比较,各年龄染铅组雄性仔鼠血铅、海马铅含量明显增加(P < 0.05);与对照组比较,高剂量铅组PNW70雄性仔鼠海马APP mRNA和蛋白表达水平[分别为(1.398±0.827)、(1.454±0.190)]均明显上升(P < 0.05);与对照组比较,低、高剂量铅组PNW3 雄性仔鼠海马tau蛋白表达水平[分别为(4.850±1.257)、(5.557±1.880)]明显上升(P < 0.01);对照组比较,高剂量铅组PNW70雄性仔鼠海马磷酸化tau蛋白表达水平(3.225±1.098)升高(P < 0.05)。结论 长期铅暴露可导致断乳期和老年期大鼠海马组织APP和tau基因与蛋白表达上调。     

Tea catechins protect against lead-induced cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation, and membrane fluidity in HepG2 cells.

Recent studies have shown that lead causes oxidative stress by inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reducing the antioxidant defense system of cells. This suggests that antioxidants may play an important role in the treatment of lead poisoning as a kind of excellent scavenger of free radicals and chelator of heavy metal. Whether tea catechins have protective effects against oxidative stress after lead treatment in cell systems remains unclear. The present study was designed to elucidate if tea catechins have any protective effects on lipid peroxidation damage in lead-exposed HepG2 cells. Exposure of HepG2 cells to Pb(++) decreased cell viability and stimulated lipid peroxidation of cell membranes as measured by the thioburbituric acid reaction. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-labeling studies indicated that lead exposure could decrease the fluidity in the polar surface of cell membranes. Tea catechin treatment significantly increased cell viability, decreased lipid peroxidation levels, and protected cell membrane fluidity in lead-exposed HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The galloylated catechins showed a stronger effect than nongalloylated catechins. Cotreatment with (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) showed a synergistically protective effect. The results suggest that tea catechin supplementation may have a role to play in modulating oxidative stress in lead-exposed HepG2 cells.     

74例黄磷作业工人心电图分析

７４例黄磷作业工人心电图分析翟大伟（贵阳市劳动卫生职业病防治所，５５０００４）作者对某化工厂从事黄磷作业，工龄在１０年以上的男性工人７４名进行体检，并以该厂行政后勤人员，从未直接接触黄磷、工龄也在１０年以上的男性６２名，作为对照组，分析两组人员的心电...