家兔血清中黄芩苷的薄层扫描法测定及药动学参数

采用薄层扫描法测定家兔血清中的黄芩甙及在兔体内的药物动力学参数。结果显示血清药物浓度在0．5～25μg／ml范围内线性关系良好，体内药物动力学呈开放性二室模型。并通过回收率试验确定了方法的准确性。     

茎突CT薄层冠状扫描在诊断茎突过长综合征中的价值

目的 探讨“一点一线垂直法”茎突CT薄层冠状扫描在诊断茎突过长中的价值。方法测量72例双侧茎突的长度、方位、形态、厚度、尖端与咽侧壁距离,总结茎突过长病人的临床症状与诊断。 结果 ①41例67侧长度超过3.0cm,符合茎突过长的诊断;②12例12侧茎突虽未超过3.0cm(均在2.5～2.9cm),且茎突方位角>20°、末端与咽侧壁的距离<20mm,并有临床症状的应考虑茎突过长综合征;③按茎突的形态进行分型:锥型(分直锥、弧锥),束状型,分节型,发育不良型。其中分节型与临床症状有密切关系。结论 ①茎突CT薄层冠状扫描能清晰显示茎突的长度、形态、厚度、末端与咽侧壁距离,是诊断茎突过长的一种可靠方法;②“一点一线垂直法”茎突CT薄层冠状扫描无需进行图像重建,可操作性强、简捷易行、便于推广。     

Optical response of the cultured bovine lens; testing opaque or partially transparent semi-solid/solid common consumer hygiene products

This study determines the relative ocular lens irritancy of 16 common partially transparent or non-transparent consumer hygiene products. The irritancy was found by measuring the changes in the sharpness of focus [referred to as the back vertex distance (BVD) variability] of the cultured bovine lens using a scanning laser In Vitro Assay System. This method consists of a laser beam that scans across the lens, and a computer, which then analyses the average focal length (mm), the BVD variability (mm), and the intensity of the beam transmitted. Lenses were exposed to the 16 hygiene products and the lens’ focusing ability was monitored over 192 h. The products are semi-solids or solids (e.g. gels, lotions, shampoos). They are categorized into six groups: shampoos, body washes, lotions, toothpastes, deodorant, and anti-perspirant. Damage (measured by > 1 mm BVD variability) occurred slower for the shampoos, especially in the case of baby shampoo. The results indicate that shampoos exhibit the lowest level of ocular lens toxicity (irritability) while the deodorant is the most damaging.     

Use of the KTP-532 Laser in Acoustic Neuroma Surgery

The potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP-532) laser has been applied to otologic surgery with a proven record of both safety and efficacy. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the use, safety, and advantages of laser dissection in the surgical treatment of acoustic neuromas. The authors' experience with 111 patients in whom laser surgery was used in acoustic neuroma is presented, with emphasis on surgical technique employed and facial nerve functional outcome. The method of laser dissection did not result in deleterious neurologic sequelae or laser-specific complications. In addition, laser dissection afforded certain advantages to traditional techniques, especially in larger tumors. The facial nerve functional outcome as assessed by the House-Brackmann grading system revealed that 90.2% of small tumors, 72.2% of medium tumors, and 75.0% of large tumors achieved satisfactory (grades I and II) functional results. These results compare favorably with the literature describing nonlaser dissection techniques. The observations and results reported in this article demonstrate the safety of the KTP-532 laser in the posterior cranial fossa, and specific advantages that this technology may offer to the surgical armamentarium of the neuro-otologist are outlined.     

镫骨全切除和吸引噪声对豚鼠耳蜗功能与超微结构的影响

本实验应用耳蜗电图和扫描、透射电镜等技术观察了6组(44只)豚鼠镫骨全切除后,前庭窗开放时间的长短和听泡内使用吸引器对耳蜗功能和超微结构的影响程度.结果如下:①随前庭窗开放时间的延长、复合蜗神经动作电位(compound action potential.CAP)反应阈进行性提高,开放180min可导致底回部分外毛细胞变性或破坏;②镫骨全切除后,听泡内较长时间地(60min)应用吸引器可引起CAP明显阈移和耳蜗底回部分外毛细胞的不可逆病变;③镫骨未切除时,听泡内吸引60min,仅引起CAP阈移,但外毛细胞未见损伤.结果提示:术中长时间开放前庭窗和鼓室内应用吸引器可能是引起镫骨全切除术后感音神经性聋的因素之一,但鼓室成形术中鼓室内吸引噪声可能因其强度不够大,不足以引起术后感音神经性聋.     

YAG激光与药物结合治疗文唇后接触性唇炎130例临床观察

目的探讨YAG激光与药物联合治疗文唇后接触性唇炎的疗效。方法随机选取130例文唇后接触性唇炎患者，应用美国Coherent公司生产的多功能多波长皮肤美容激光器（Nd：YAG激光）进行治疗，联合应用抗组胺药物等内服以及皮质类固醇激素外用。结果130例患者，完全治愈112例（占86．2％），显效16例（占12．3％），有效2例（占1．5％），无效为0，总有效率100％。结论YAG激光与药物结合治疗文唇后接触性唇炎获得满意疗效，具有创伤小，疗效高，副作用少，不留疤痕等特点。     

LASIK术前用药时间与清洁结膜囊效果比较

目的观察LASIK术前用药的最低安全时间及清洁结膜囊的临床效果.方法连续的LASIK术前病例135例(270只眼),按术前用药时间分为0、1、2、3、4天组,分别于用药前、用药后及洗眼后进行结膜囊细菌培养.结果各组病例用药前结膜囊细菌培养阳性率为50.37%;用药后2天组结膜囊细菌培养阳性率为2.86%,0、1、3、4天组均为0.洗眼后各组结膜囊细菌培养阳性率均为0.结论 LASIK术前有必要局部滴用抗生素滴眼液;手术当日每小时1次,连续4次或更长时间用药可达到清洁结膜囊的目的.     

准分子激光术前的眼底病变分析及处理

目的分析近视眼行准分子激光术前眼底病变病情及治疗方法.方法对730例(1460只眼)LASIK术前患者行散瞳眼底检查并作详细眼底检查记录.结果1460只眼中152只眼有干性视网膜裂孔(占10.4%),其中有2只眼伴视网膜浅脱离,36只眼同时伴有严重视网膜变性.152只眼干性视网膜裂孔和2只眼视网膜浅脱离行氩激光光凝治疗.结论近视眼LASIK术前常规散瞳检查眼底对发现病变并及时治疗是非常必要的,同时提出眼底病变光凝的指征.     

The combined endoscopic CO2 laser posterior cordectomy and total arytenoidectomy for treatment of bilateral vocal cord paralysis

The combined endoscopic CO₂ laser posterior cordectomy and total arytenoidectomy for treatment of bilateral vocal cord paralysis Upper airway obstruction, because of bilateral vocal cord paralysis, presents a serious challenge to the Otolaryngologist. Various surgical techniques have been advocated for the management of patients with vocal cord paralysis. Among these techniques, the individual use of laser CO₂ arytenoidectomy and posterior cordotomy has gained wide acceptance. In this report, we describe our experience in the management of bilateral vocal cord paralysis by combining posterior partial cordotomy as described by Dennis and Kashima, with total arytenoidectomy as described by Ossoff et al. We report the long‐term results in the management of 18 patients treated in our department during the last 8 years.     

准分子激光治疗高度和超高度近视的远期疗效

目的:比较准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术(PRK)和激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)治疗高度和超高度近视的远期临床效果及其影响疗效的因素。方法:高度近视眼163例(294眼),其中PRK组84例(139眼),平均等效球镜屈光度-8.68±2.08D,LASIK组79例(155眼),平均等效球镜-9.17±2.92D。按术前屈光度分2组,Ⅰ组-6.25～-10.00D,Ⅱ组≥-10.00D,随访2a。结果:2a时,裸眼视力≥0.5者,Ⅰ组中PRK占89.5%,LASIK占96.8%;Ⅱ组中PRK占35.3%,LASIK占83.9%。裸眼视力≥1.0者,Ⅰ组中PRK为51.4%,LASIK为80.6%;Ⅱ组中PRK为2.9%,LASIK为46.8%。术后屈光度在预期矫正屈光度±1.00D范围以内者:Ⅰ组中PRK为62.8%,LASIK为88.2%;Ⅱ组中PRK为17.6%,LASIK为61.3%。角膜上皮下混浊(Haze)发生率,PRK组0级53.2%,0.5级25.3%,1级13.0%,2级8.6%。其中Ⅰ组发生率为39.0%,Ⅱ组发生率为70.5%。LASIK组均无上皮下或层间混浊发生。术后2a的等效球镜屈光度(Y)PRK组与术前等效球镜(X1雪,角膜屈光力(X 2)建立多元回归方程为Y =-8.645 0.444X1 0.265X 2(P <0.001)。LASIK组与术前等效球镜(X 1)、术中角膜切削深度(X 3)建立多元回归方程Y =-0.703 0.52X 1 0.0437X 3(P <0.001)。结论:准分子激光治疗高度和超高度近视眼的临床效果LASIK术式较PRK术式具有明显的优势。