心肺危险指数与肺癌术后并发症的预测

目的研究心肺危险指数与肺癌术后并发症的关系.方法对1 144例接受肿瘤切除手术的肺癌患者进行分析,从临床资料中计算出心脏危险指数(CRI)和肺危险指数(PRI),两者相加之和为心肺危险指数(CPRI),分析CPRI与肺癌术后并发症的关系.结果术后30天内发生并发症的有167例(14.6%),死亡25例(2.2%).本组CPRI分为1～10级,其中CPRI＜4的有808例,≥4的有336例.以CPRI≥4为标准,其预测肺癌手术风险的敏感性、特异性分别为81.4%、79.5%.结论CPRI可以作为预测肺癌术后并发症的一项重要指标,但不能完全预计肺切除术后风险,仍需结合其它因素综合考虑.     

喉癌及癌旁组织端粒酶活性检测在喉癌手术切缘定界中的意义

目的探讨喉鳞状细胞癌、相应癌旁切缘组织的端粒酶活性表达及其在喉癌手术定界研究中的意义.方法采用多聚酶链反应-酶联免疫吸附法(PCR-ELISA)对47例喉鳞状细胞癌、21例不同距离的相应癌旁组织、20例喉炎性息肉组织的端粒酶活性进行定量检测.结果47例喉癌组织中39例端粒酶呈阳性(83%),而20例喉炎性息肉组织端粒酶均为阴性,两组具有显著性差异(P＜0.001).21例癌旁5 mm处的切缘组织中有6例端粒酶呈阳性(28.6%),但其活性水平均低于相应原发肿瘤组织.而10 mm处的切缘组织端粒酶均呈阴性,两组差异有显著性(P＜0.001).结论端粒酶在喉癌组织中有较高的表达,在不同距离的癌旁切缘组织中有不同程度的表达.喉癌及癌旁组织端粒酶活性可能作为预测喉癌浸润性的指标.可望从分子水平评估喉癌手术的切缘状态,以期为指导喉癌手术分子定界提供客观而有价值的资料.     

121例宫颈癌根治术近期并发症分析

[目的]探讨广泛性子宫切除术治疗宫颈癌的术后近期并发症及降低并发症的方法.[方法]121例宫颈癌行广泛性子宫切除术,其中临床分期Ⅰ a期19例,Ⅰ b期62例,Ⅱa期34例,Ⅱb期6例.其中宫颈鳞癌111例(91.7%),其它类型10例(8.3%).[结果]常见的近期手术并发症为泌尿系统并发症,术后泌尿系统感染发生率为12.4%,尿潴留发生率为9.1%.腓深静脉血栓发生率为2.5%而无股静脉血栓、尿瘘、盆腔感染发生.[结论]熟悉盆腔解剖,提高手术熟练程度,术中仔细操作,术后使用广谱抗生素,加强护理,及早发现并处理并发症的前兆表现,可以降低手术并发症的发生率.     

十二指肠肿瘤的诊断及手术方法的探讨--附12例临床分析

手术治疗十二指肠肿瘤患者 12例 ,术前分别行B超、螺旋CT、钡剂造影、内镜检查 ;术中行常规冷冻病理切片检查 ;确诊良性肿瘤 8例 ,恶性 4例。除降部 3例恶性肿瘤行传统胰十二指肠切除术外 ,其余病例行十二指肠节段性切除。结果 :B超、钡剂造影、螺旋CT、内镜检出率分别为 5 / 7、81 8% ( 9/ 11)、8/ 9及 83 3 % ( 10 / 12 ) ;十二指肠节段切除手术平均时间 2 5h ( 1 5～ 4h) ,胰十二指肠切除术平均 5 5h( 4 5～ 6 5h)。所有病例术后恢复良好 ,无手术并发症出现。平均住院时间 18d( 12～ 2 3d)。随访时间 3 0 ( 3～ 48)个月 ,无肿瘤复发。回顾分析结果显示 ,螺旋CT在诊断十二指肠肿瘤方面具有优势 ,十二指肠降段及水平段良性或低度恶性肿瘤行十二指肠节段切除安全简便 ,切实可行     

前哨淋巴结活检对乳腺癌外科导航的临床分析

目的 探讨前哨淋巴结活检(SLNB)对乳腺癌手术导航的临床价值及可靠性。方法 用染料法(1％亚甲蓝)对30例乳腺癌病人进行腋窝前哨淋巴结(SLN)染色切除。术中冰冻切片，术后石蜡切片，并常规行腋窝淋巴结清除术(ALND)。结果 SLN染色成功率96．7％(29／30)，失败1例。SLN阳性10例，后站淋巴结有癌转移6例(60％)，无癌转移4例（40％)。SLN阴性19例，其中假阴性1例，后站淋巴结均无癌转移。SLNB评价：检出率96．7％、准确率93．3％、敏感度90．9％、假阴性率9．1％、假阳性率0。结论 只要提高技术水平，SLN染料着色和检出率都相对较高，对外科术式选择有实际指导意义。相信SLNB取代传统的ALND已为时不远。     

肺功能严重减低对肺癌手术的影响

目的 探讨肺功能严重减低对肺癌手术的影响和术前肺功能检测对评估手术风险的价值。方法 回顾性分析285例经手术治疗肺癌患者的临床资料。所有病例分为肺功能严重减低组和肺功能相对正常组。分析两组手术死亡率和术后呼吸系统及相关系统并发症发生率的差别。结果 两组间手术死亡率和术后呼吸系统及相关系统并发症发生率无统计学差别。结论 术前肺通气功能测定尚不能全面准确地预测手术的危险性。对于有严重肺功能减低的肺癌患者应结合其他情况综合考虑，仍应给予手术机会，尽可能争取肺叶切除术，以减少手术风险。     

老年直肠癌临床特征及治疗的变迁

目的 了解近年来老年直肠癌临床特征及治疗的变迁。方法 回顾性分析10年间313例老年直肠癌患者的临床特征及治疗情况，对比第一个5年和第二个5年的临床特征及治疗方法的变迁。结果发病年龄后延，误诊率降低，早期病例增多；Dixon手术增多，辅助治疗由简单变为综合治疗方法；5年生存率明显提高，术后的复发率明显减低。结论 老年直肠癌发病年龄后延，误诊率降低，早期病例逐渐增多；治疗上更趋有效、合理。     

Efficacy of preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy and surgery in patients with stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer

Objective To analyze the outcomes of preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy plus sur-gery in patients with stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer. Methods From January 2001 to January 2007, 77 patients with stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer were included. The diameter of primary tumor was greater than 4 cm. Preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy with the total dose of 20-30 Gy (0.5 cm below the vaginal mucosa) was delivered by 2-3 fractions, one fraction per week. After an interval of 10-14 days, the efficacies of radiotherapy were evaluated and radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphade-nectomy was performed. Then the treatment complications, clinicopathological characteristics, survival and recurrence were analyzed. Results The tumor shrinkage was observed in all the patients after intracavitary brachytherapy. The CR, PR and SD were 5% (4/77), 36% (28/77) and 58% (45/77), respectively. Radical hysterectomy was successfully performed in all patients. The complications of the combined therapy were mild and only 5 patients had grade Ⅱ or less hematological or gastrointestinal toxicities. The 5-year o-verall survival rate and pelvic recurrence rate were 83% and 12%, respectively. Conclusions Preoperative intracavitary brachytherapy of 20-30 Gy plus surgery is effective in the treatment of stage ⅠB2 and ⅡA bulky cervical cancer without increasing the treatment complications.     

Design and test of a vascular access device

Transarterial left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), such as the Hemopump, IABP, and PUCA-pump, are meant to be introduced into the body via the femoral or axillary artery without major surgery. For certain applications, introduction is performed directly into the aorta via an open thorax procedure. A prototype of a vascular access device has been realized that allows direct access into the aorta as an alternative for the common surgical graft anastomosis suturing technique. The device consists of a metal tube acting as a circular knife to cut a hole in the aortic wall, a screw to store the removed part of the aortic wall, and a plastic tube that is introduced through the hole and tightly connected to the aortic wall. The device could be placed without aortic clamping. The device has been tested on a slaughterhouse porcine aorta. A low-pressurized aorta appeared to be the worst case; thus, two animal experiments in the low-pressurized pulmonary artery were performed. No leakage occurred for pressures between 40 and 300 mm Hg.     

Use of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate in oral surgery: biological and clinical evaluation

N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate based tissue adhesive, Tisuacryl, was employed as a nonsuture method for closing wounds in oral surgery. One hundred thirty patients were treated with the adhesive and 30 with suture. The surgical procedures were apicectomy, extraction of molars, and mucogingival grafting. The studied product was well tolerated by the tissue and permitted immediate hemostasis and normal healing of incisions. When Tisuacryl was used as dressing material for donor sites and mucosal ulcerations, pain relief was observed.