益母草碱对急性心肌梗死大鼠的影响

目的:观察益母草碱对急性心肌梗死造成的心肌缺血和心肌细胞损害的影响并探讨其作用机制。方法:雄性SD大鼠随机分为5组,分别为假手术组,模型组,益母草碱高、低剂量组(30,15 mg·kg-1·d-1)和卡托普利阳性药组(4 mg·kg-1·d-1),除假手术组外其余各组采用结扎冠状动脉左前降支的方法制备大鼠急性心肌梗死模型,所有动物冠脉结扎前1周按相应剂量ip药物,第8天造模,术后继续ip给药2 d后,处死动物,2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色法检测并计算心肌梗死面积,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)试剂盒测定大鼠血清中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),肌酸激酶(CK)的水平,超氧化歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠心肌梗死面积明显增大,血清中LDH,CK,MDA含量水平明显升高,总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)水平明显降低(P0.05,P0.01);与模型组比较,益母草碱能明显减小心梗大鼠左心室梗死面积,并能明显降低心梗大鼠血清中LDH,CK及MDA的水平,明显升高血清中T-SOD的活性(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:益母草碱对急性心肌缺血造成的心肌损伤有良好的预防性保护作用,其作用机制可能与提高心肌组织抗氧化能力有关。     

海拔3700米高原单兵适宜负重的实验研究

本工作旨在通过高原室内模拟行军试验初步提出海拔３７００ｍ高原单兵适宜负重量。受试者为移居海拔３７００ｍ高原汉族战士共１２人，平均体重５６．８ｋｇ，在跑台上进行模拟行军试验，速度为４．０、４．５和５．０ｋｍ／ｈ，负重量为体重的０、１４、２１、２８、３５和４２％。每人参加３个速度６个负重量模拟行军试验。每次行军３０ｍｉｎ，测定通气量（ＶＥ），氧耗量（ＶＯ２），氧脉搏（ＶＯ２／ＨＲ），血乳酸含量和劳累感     

台州地区各类食品霉菌污染调查

本文对台州地区８个县市的各类食品出厂前和市售样品进行霉菌污染检测分析，检测的２００份样品，霉菌污染率为８５．００％。而霉菌计数的范围在１０～１０４个／克。本次检测结果表明，固体食品比液体食品污染率高２２．００％，市售比出厂前食品高１１．７９％，污染程度亦严重。对一些易受霉菌污染的食品如蜜饯、糕点、茶叶等应作为重点预防霉菌污染的食品，并提出建立霉菌卫生学评价标准的设想。     

宁波市区离退休老人患病情况调查与分析

宁波市区离退休老人患病情况调查与分析浙江省宁波市卫生防疫站３１５０１０程志华，邱华士，俞延峰北京医科大学李天霖，王滨燕随着社会的发展，人类寿命的延长，老年人占全社会人口的比例逐渐增大。宁波市已于１９８８年起进入老龄化城市的行列（６０岁以上老年人口比例...     

Kudzu root: traditional uses and potential medicinal benefits in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases

Kudzu root (Gegen in Chinese) is the dried root of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, a semi-woody, perennial and leguminous vine native to South East Asia. It is often used interchangeably in traditional Chinese medicine with thomson kudzu root (Fengen in Chinese), the dried root of P. thomsonii, although the Chinese Pharmacopoeia has separated them into two monographs since the 2005 edition. For more than 2000 years, kudzu root has been used as a herbal medicine for the treatment of fever, acute dysentery, diarrhoea, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Both English and Chinese literatures on the traditional applications, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, toxicology, quality control and potential interactions with conventional drugs of both species have been included in the present review. Over seventy phytochemicals have been identified in kudzu root, with isoflavonoids and triterpenoids as the major constituents. Isoflavonoids, in particular puerarin, have been used in most of the pharmacological studies. Animal and cellular studies have provided support for the traditional uses of kudzu root on cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and endocrine systems, including diabetes and its complications. Further studies to define the active phytochemical compositions, quality standards and clinical efficacy are warranted. Strong interdisciplinary collaboration to bridge the gap between traditional medicine and modern biomedical medicine is therefore needed for the development of kudzu root as an effective medicine for the management of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.     

心气虚细胞模型的研制

目的探索心气虚细胞模型的制作方法。方法ＮＩＨ小白鼠乳鼠培养心肌细胞用缺氧（１～３小时）再给氧损伤方法研制心气虚细胞水平动物模型。结果培养心肌细胞采用缺氧再给氧损伤后，出现ＬＤＨ和ＣＫ含量增加，ＳＯＤ活性降低，ＭＤＡ含量上升，与对照组比较，差别有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）或高度显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论根据缺血缺氧是导致心气虚证的重要因素之一，探索采用缺氧再给氧损伤制作离体心气虚细胞模型具有一定的研究价值     

参附注射液联合多巴胺注射液对急性失血性休克患者围术期血流动力学和组织代谢的影响

目的 观察参附注射液联合多巴胺对急性失血性休克患者围术期血流动力学和组织代谢的影响,探讨其在急性失血性休克围术期治疗中的价值.方法 选择急性失血性休克拟行剖腹探查术患者90例,随机分为2组.治疗组45例,对照组45例.麻醉选择气管插管、静吸复合全麻.治疗组麻醉后即给予参附注射液100 ml加入5%葡萄糖注射液500 ml静脉滴注;对照组给予5%葡萄糖注射液500 ml静脉滴注.2组均同时给予多巴胺60 mg加入5%葡萄糖注射液250 ml静脉滴注.其它扩容、输血、扩管等抗休克治疗措施2组相同.于入室前安静状态下(T0)测定收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR),测定每搏量(SR)并计算心排血量(CO)及抽取静脉血测定血乳酸浓度(BL),作为基础值.于气管插管后即刻(T1)、麻醉后1 h(T2)、麻醉后2 h(T3)、术后4 h(T4)、术后8 h(T5)、术后12 h(T6)分别测定并记录以上各项指标.记录2组的出血量和输液输血量.结果 2组各时点与基础值比较SBP、DBP、CO升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),HR下降(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);治疗组变化更快、更明显,2组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).治疗组各时点BL进行性降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),对照组T4、T5、T6时点BL开始降低(P＜0.05);2组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 参附注射液联合多巴胺注射液应用于急性失血性休克手术患者,能迅速恢复血流动力学稳定,改善微循环和组织代谢,促进休克的复苏.     

1-肉桂基-4-(2,3,4-三甲氧基苄基)-四氢吡嗪盐酸盐对大鼠心肌缺血再灌性心律失常的保护作用

采用整体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注模型，观察1-肉桂基-4-(2,3,4-三甲氧基苄基)-四氢吡嗪盐酸盐（CTTP）对缺血再灌性心律失常的保护作用. 于结扎前3 min, CTTP 2.5或5 mg·kg^-1 iv，可显著降低缺血再灌损伤引起的室性心律失常发生率，缩短持续时间；能明显减少心肌谷草转氨酶，肌酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶释放量；升高超氧化物歧化酶活性，减少脂质过氧化反应代谢产物丙二醛含量. 提示CTTP抗心肌缺血再灌注心律失常的作用，可能与降低心肌脂质过氧化和增强氧自由基清除酶的活性有关.     

甘草次酸钠对培养乳鼠心肌细胞损伤的保护作用

观察甘草次酸钠（ＳＧＡ）对培养乳鼠心肌细胞损伤的保护作用。结果：ＳＧＡ０．１０、０．２０和０．４０ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１能减少缺糖缺氧６和９ｈ心肌细胞乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）的释放；ＳＧＡ０．１０，０．２０和０．４０ｍｍｏｌ·－１对缺氧再给氧损伤６、９ｈ的心肌细胞有相似的保护作用；ＳＧＡ０．１０、０．２０和０·４０ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１亦可减少氯丙嗪和黄嘌呤－黄嘌呤氧化酶损伤６，９ｈ及丝裂霉素Ｃ损伤２４ｈ心肌细胞ＬＤＨ的外漏。     

Immortalized hepatocytes as in vitro model systems for toxicity testing: the comparative toxicity of menadione in immortalized cells, primary cultures of hepatocytes and HTC hepatoma cells

Immortalized differentiated liver cell lines capable of continuous proliferation, and expressing stable liver-specific functions, would be valuable for in vitro toxicity testing in the pharmaceutical, chemical, food and cosmetics industries. Immortalized rat hepatocyte cell lines have been produced by transfection of SV40 DNA by electroporation or calcium phosphate precipitation. Their utility has been assessed by studying the toxicity of a model compound, menadione, and by measuring the activities of DT-diaphorase and NADPH cytochrome c reductase. Enzyme activities and toxicity were compared in freshly isolated hepatocytes, the immortalized cell lines and dedifferentiated HTC hepatoma cells. In HTC cells DT-diaphorase activity was 100-fold elevated compared with freshly isolated hepatocytes. In only one cell line, C2.1.2. (produced by calcium phosphate precipitation), was DT-diaphorase activity increased (twofold) compared with freshly isolated hepatocytes. Menadione caused loss of viability at similar concentrations (40–80 μ ) in the immortalized cell lines and 24-hr primary cultures of hepatocytes, whereas HTC cells showed loss of viability only with menadione concentrations above 200 μ . The immortalized lines therefore appear to have potential for predicting toxicity and for menadione this can be correlated with the expression of DT-diaphorase.