六神丸及其加味抗急性白血病的实验研究

本研究从血象、骨髓、病理、骨髓细胞增殖动力学的角度证明:六神丸具有明显的抑制和杀伤实验白血病小鼠(L7212)白血病细胞的作用(主要机理类似细胞毒剂),具有缓解、减轻白血病细胞对肝脾浸润,明显延长白血病小鼠生存期的作用;六神丸加味(加用清热解毒方、活血化淤方、益气养阴方、补气养血方、补肾方)和六神丸具有明显的协同作用。     

Adipokines in cord blood and risk of wheezing disorders within the first two years of life

BACKGROUND: Adipokines are involved in the regulation of many inflammatory processes and are present at very high concentrations in cord blood of term infants. OBJECTIVE: We analysed data of a large prospective birth cohort study to examine whether adiponectin and leptin concentration in cord blood are determinants of wheezing disorders in children within the first 2 years of life. METHODS: Seven hundred and forty mothers and their newborns were included in this analysis. Adiponectin and leptin concentrations were measured in cord blood. The cumulative incidence of physician-reported asthma or obstructive bronchitis was recorded during a 2-year follow-up. RESULTS: During the first 2 years of life, asthma or obstructive bronchitis was reported by the caring paediatricians for 157 (19.6%) of the children. We found a strong interaction of cord blood adiponectin and history of atopic disease in the mother with respect to the risk of physician-reported asthma or obstructive bronchitis (P=0.006). Compared with children with cord blood levels in the middle quintile (reference category), the odds ratios for physician-reported asthma or obstructive bronchitis in the bottom quintile and top quintile were 0.14 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02-0.90] and 2.12 (95% CI 0.67-6.66), respectively (P for trend=0.0003), among children of mothers with a history of atopy. This association was independent of other established risk factors. Leptin levels in cord blood were not associated with risk of asthma or obstructive bronchitis. CONCLUSIONS: In children of mothers with a history of atopy, concentrations of adiponectin in cord blood could play an important role in determining risk of wheezing disorders in early childhood.     

Limbus-based versus Fornix-based conjunctival flap in filtering surgery

Summary A randomized prospective study was performed to compare the results of filtering surgery using a Limbusbased versus a Fornix-based conjunctival flap. The wound closure of the Fornix-based flap was performed using a running 10/0 nylon suture at the limbus. No statistical significant difference of IOP regulation was found between the two groups. There was a tendency of reduced occurrence of shallow anterior chamber and of less vascularized filtering blebs in the Fornix-based technique.     

Variations in the use of diagnostic procedures after acute stroke in Europe: results from the BIOMED II study of stroke care

Valid classification of stroke is essential to initiate effective acute management and early secondary prevention strategies. To accurately evaluate stroke subtype a number of diagnostic procedures have to be performed. This study sought to investigate variations in use of diagnostic procedures across selected European hospitals. First-ever stroke patients were sampled over a 1-year period through 11 hospital-based registers across 10 European countries. We defined a diagnostic standard for valid aetiological classification of ischemic stroke including brain imaging, vascular imaging and echocardiography. The impact of socio-demographic, clinical and structural characteristics on performance of the diagnostic standard was assessed using multivariate logistic regression analyses. A total of 1721 patients were included in the study. 83.1% received brain imaging, ranging from 32.8% to 100%. The diagnostic standard was performed in 40.4% of stroke patients, ranging from 0% to 77.2%. Patients with increasing age ( P  < 0.001) and with more severe strokes ( P  = 0.001) were less probably to receive the diagnostic standard. Patients treated in stroke units and neurological departments were more frequently investigated with the diagnostic standard ( P  < 0.001). Less than half of hospitalized stroke patients across Europe underwent diagnostic procedures to allow for aetiological classification of stroke, which may hamper the initiation of effective early management and secondary prevention.     

三氧化二砷-碘油化疗栓塞对兔肝移植瘤转移及与血管形成关系的研究

目的观察三氧化二砷（ As2O3）-碘油经肝动脉化疗栓塞对兔VX2肝移植瘤生长及转移的影响及与血管形成的关系。方法 48只家兔肝内肿瘤种植后2周，完全随机法分为4组，经肝动脉插管分别给予不同处理，实验设生理盐水灌注组、单纯碘油栓塞组、阿霉素．碘油栓塞组及 As2O3-碘油栓塞组。治疗后1周，免疫组织化学测定肿瘤区的微血管密度（MVD），治疗后3周，测量计算肝移植瘤的体积、坏死面积，观察肝内、双肺及其他器官肿瘤转移的发生率。结果 治疗后1周，各组MVD分别为（21．8±5．3）、（23．4±3．9）、（22．4±4．50）、（14．3±3．4）条／400倍视野（F=11．246，P=0．000）， As2O3-碘油栓塞治疗组与其他组相比差异有统计学意义；肿瘤植入后5周，各处理组肿瘤体积分别为（35．5±7．1）、（21．2±8．3）、（20．7±9．1）、（11．8±3．7）cm^3（F=21．203，P=0．000）。单纯碘油栓塞组、阿霉素一碘油栓塞组及 As2O3-碘油栓塞组与生理盐水灌注组相比差异有统计学意义（q值分别为6．723、6．940、11．119，P〈0．05）， As2O3-碘油栓塞组与单纯碘油栓塞及阿霉素-碘油栓塞组相比差异有统计学意义（g值分别为4．398、4．178，P值均〈0．05）；各组肿瘤坏死面积间差异无统计学意义（F=1．284，P=0．292）； As2O3-碘油栓塞治疗组双肺转移结节数目少于其他组（H=14．983，P=0．002），结节直径小于其他组（F=4．580，P=0．007），差异有统计学意义。腹腔转移淋巴结记分显示 As2O3-碘油栓塞治疗组腹腔淋巴结转移少于其他组（H=9．148，P=0．027）。双肺转移结节的数目、直径及腹腔转移淋巴结与肿瘤的微血管密度呈正相关（P〈0．05）。结论 As2O3-碘油联合经肝动脉栓塞治疗，抑制兔肝移植瘤的生长，抑制肿瘤的肺及腹腔淋巴结转移，其抑制转移的机制可能与抑制肿瘤血管形成有关。     

脑梗死OCSP分型和预后

目的了解脑梗死患者OCSP临床分型的构成及不同亚型与预后及复发的关系。方法采用回顾性队列研究,登记2002年1月~2005年6月第四军医大学西京医院神经内科确诊的617例脑梗死患者,按照OCSP标准分型并进行随访,分析各亚型与预后及复发的关系。结果OCSP各亚型构成比分变为:TACI占7.3%,PACI23.3%,POCI6.0%,LACI63.4%,分型与预后明显相关,TACI的预后最差,POCI和LACI预后相对较好,PACI次之,卒中复发与分型无明显相关。结论OCSP分型作为一种脑梗死临床分型方法,可以为脑梗死的预后判断提供参考依据。     

Association analysis of genes in the renin‐angiotensin system with subclinical cardiovascular disease in families with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Diabetes Heart Study

Aims Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major complication of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) and nitric oxide production are both important regulators of vascular function and blood pressure. Genes encoding proteins involved in these pathways are candidates for a contribution to CVD in diabetic patients. We have investigated variants of the angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) genes for association with subclinical measures of CVD in families with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Atherosclerosis was measured by carotid intima‐media thickness and calcification of the carotid and coronary arteries in 620 European Americans and 117 African Americans in the Diabetes Heart Study. Because of the role of these systems in blood pressure regulation, blood pressure was also investigated. Results Compelling evidence of association was not detected with any of the SNPs with any outcome measures after adjustments for covariates despite sufficient power to detect relatively small differences in traits for specific genotype combinations. Conclusions Genetic variation of the RAS and NOS3 genes do not appear to strongly influence subclinical cardiovascular disease or blood pressure in this diabetic population.     

成人护理专科教育护理学基础课堂教学设计的探讨

本文以“健康与疾病”为例，介绍了成人护理专科的护理学基础课堂教学设计。主要包括学生的情况分析、授课计划的制定、教学方法的选择、课程内容的优化、教学媒体和教学案例的运用等。同时，提出了调动学生的学习积极性、学生终身学习意识教育及医德教育等问题，从而使学生既能真正获得有用知识，又尽可能地通过考试取得学历文凭。     

Pediatric lupus versus adult lupus role of the laboratory

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the archetypical immunologic disease. Approximately 20% of patients present in the first two decades of life. This article highlights some of the differences between pediatric and adult onset lupus.Children are defined as different from adults on the basis of age. Lupus presents with different gender ratios based on hormonal or pubertal status with more significant skewing toward female patients in the childbearing years. Female patients in the childbearing years appear to have a higher relative risk for mortality. Despite this, children have greater disease severity at onset based on the number of patients who present with significant organ inflammation, the amount of corticosteroids required and the abnormalities in lupus serologies including autoantibodies and low complements. Children present frequently with congenital and acquired complement defects. Children have an increased risk of infections that can be confused with lupus. They have a higher risk of serious pneumococcal infection and may have less protection from vaccinations received at the time of disease onset.The clinical immunology laboratory is critical in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric SLE. The rapid analysis and transfer of laboratory results can be life saving for the child with suspected new onset lupus. The laboratory is also helpful in determining disease activity through analysis of immunologic trends over time in pediatric lupus patients. This is especially important in the noncompliant adolescent patient who has a correlation between disease activity and lupus serologic tests. Finally, the clinical immunology laboratory is an important tool for better understanding of the immunologic phenomena associated with lupus and of disease pathophysiology.