急性应激性溃疡模型的实验研究

本实验观察不同时间与方法所造成的应激性溃疡的模型。结果:禁食48小时,捆绑加浸水5小时,松绑后19小时,实验鼠胃粘膜出现多数病灶深、范围大、分布广的病灶,表现为出血、糜烂和溃疡,可谓最佳模型。     

Virulence of Candida albicans mutants

Mutant strains of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans blocked in pyrimidine transport and salvage metabolism were tested for virulence in various animal models. The growth rate, germination and proteolytic enzyme production did not correlate with the virulence of the strains. However, a defect in the uridine transport system significantly decreased virulence in murine candidosis, although it had no effect in vaginal candidosis or in a Candida cyst model. It remains unclear whether this is due to the differing host defence mechanisms involved in systemic and superficial mycoses, or to the different requirements of the fungal systems for adherence and tissue invasion in the two types of infection.     

Evidence for differential effects of 8-OH-DPAT on male and female rats in the Anxiety/Defense Test Battery

The Proxemics/Activity test and the Eat/Drink test, two components of the Anxiety/Defense Test Battery, were developed to measure defensive reactions to situations associated with a natural predator (cat). In the present studies the behavioral effects of 8-OH-DPAT treatment (0.01–1.0 mg/kg, SC) were entirely consistent with anxiety/fear reduction. These effects included an increase in time spent near the cat compartment, and a complimentary decrease in time spent farthest from this compartment, together with an increase in transits and locomote behavior. 8-OH-DPAT (1.0 mg/kg) also increased eat frequencies and durations (highly preferred food) both during and following cat presentation, without influencing drinking. This finding is discussed with reference to previous findings with 8-OH-DPAT in studies assessing both food intake and anxiolysis. Interestingly, 8-OH-DPAT was more potent in a majority of its effects in female subjects, a finding consistent with recent neurochemical data. These findings provide important behavioral evidence for a sexual differentiation in 5-HT function, and support the case for greater emphasis on female subjects in animal models of anxiety.Supported by NIH MH42803 and RCMI Grants RR03061 and RR01825     

刺梨汁对慢性氟中毒的影响及机理研究

用高氟饲料喂养大鼠６个月，复制出慢性氟中毒模型，再自由饮用刺梨汁３个月，探讨刺梨汁对慢性氟中毒的影响及机理。结果表明：刺梨汁可明显改善氟中毒的一般状况，对已形成的氟斑牙影响不大，但可促进尿氟排泄，降低血清和骨氟含量及尿羟脯氦酸含量，提高血清中维生素Ｃ、维生素Ｅ和血清、肝、肾ＧＳＨ含量，增强血、肝、肾ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ和ＳＯＤ活性，降低血清、肝和肾ＬＰＯ含量，降低尿γ－ＧＴ和血清ＧＰＴ活性及肝ＴＧ含量，提示：刺梨汁具有明显桔抗慢性氟中毒作用，其机理可能是通过促进尿氟排泄和抗氧化作用。     

Boundary Ambiguity in Parents With Chronically Ill Children: Integrating Theory and Research

Abstract: This article integrates theory and research related to boundary ambiguity in parents of children with a chronic health condition. We propose that boundary ambiguity is a risk factor for psychological distress in these parents. Clinical applications and a case example highlight how boundary ambiguity can be assessed and managed in clinical settings by professionals working with parents with chronically ill children. Questions are provided for assessing boundary ambiguity in clinical and research settings, and implications for research are discussed.     

肿瘤潜隐期二阶段模型

从宫颈癌、大肠癌等病种的自然史抽象出一个具有时变伴随变量的潜隐期二阶段模型。潜隐期以正常状态为起点,疾病为终点;其前阶段可逆,后阶段不可逆;状态间转移速率因病人状况而异。用Markov过程描述并求解此模型,进而给出参数估计和假设检验方法。利用此模型基于江西省靖安县12年6轮宫颈癌筛查资料进行了自然史研究,并讨论了应用前景。     

Computation of Time-Constant Histograms from the Forced Expired Volume-Time Curves

An efficient BASIC program was established on Apple-Ⅱmicrocomputer with the CHESTAC-35F pulmonary function testing system tocalculate the time-constant histogram from the spirogram.By a set of analogousstudies,we confirmed that the recovered time-constant histogram was within onecompartment of the assumed one and that the root of mean square values of theresiduals between the experimental and model volume-time curves was 0.02.Infour healthy adult subjects,the mean value of time-constant histograms(TCx)hadthe variation coefficient 6.6％.The results show that our method is reliable andreproducible,and it can be used for clinical investigation.     

从ECCE到Phaco的转变--核处理技术的实验研究

目的通过化学方法制成动物核性白内障模型,探讨相对能量复合指数(RECP)与角膜内皮细胞活性的关系。方法将5种化学物质注入晶状体,以透过黑白条纹的清晰程度判断晶状体混浊程度并分级。然后将实验眼球分为6组(Ⅰ组为对照组;Ⅱ-Ⅵ为实验组),行标准超声乳化白内障摘除手术。手术后立即取下角膜,作锥蓝-茜素红联合染色标本和扫描电镜标本。结果晶状体内注入甲醛、冰醋酸、无水乙醇、丙酮和苯扎溴铵均能形成晶状体混浊,其中:冰醋酸致晶状体混浊能力最弱,无水乙醇、丙酮次之,甲醛、苯扎溴铵最强。当RECP≤90时,锥蓝-茜素红双重染色和扫描电镜均表明角膜内皮细胞活性好,其形态和细胞联接均无改变。当RECP=120时,角膜内皮细胞形态尚正常,但是细胞联结和胞膜部分破坏。当RECP=150时,角膜内皮细胞严重损伤。结论用化学方法制作核性白内障模型供过渡训练使用是可行的。当RECP超过某一数值(>90)时,即与角膜内皮细胞的活性成负相关。     

Rising mortality from motor neurone disease in Sweden 1961–1990: the relative role of increased population life expectancy and environmental factors

Recent studies of mortality from motor neurone disease (MND) in Sweden have demonstrated rising levels of mortality from the disease, especially amongst older age groups. Case-control investigations have suggested that certain environmental factors are significantly related to variations in mortality from the disease, and are associated with a probable individual susceptibility to MND. This study applies an innovative epidemiological technique to longitudinal and cohort analysis of Swedish mortality from MND during the period 1961 to 1990. Survival modelling shows that a subpopulation susceptible to MND exists in Sweden, as has been demonstrated in other countries. The increased life expectancy of the Swedish population since 1961 has resulted in more of that susceptible population living to the ages at which MND is expressed, explaining the majority of the increase in mortality from the disease. However, environmental factors may play a role in accelerating the course of MND and may affect the timing of death within the susceptible sub-population.