秦艳虹教授治疗小儿遗尿症脾肾两虚型经验

秦艳虹教授根据小儿生理病理特点,并结合其多年的儿科临床经验,认为小儿遗尿症的病机为脾肾两虚、膀胱失约,故治宜温补脾肾、固摄止遗、先后天同治。秦教授以其自拟经验方止遗散配合艾灸、叫醒疗法内外结合治疗小儿遗尿症脾肾两虚型,临床疗效显著。附案例1则,以资验证。     

补肾调经方治疗肾阴虚型多囊卵巢综合征的临床研究

目的:探讨上海市名老中医经验方——补肾调经方治疗肾阴虚型多囊卵巢综合征的临床疗效。方法:选取2017年1月至2019年3月上海市浦东新区中医医院收治的肾阴虚型多囊卵巢综合征患者60例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。对照组患者给予枸橼酸氯米芬片口服治疗,治疗组患者给予补肾调经方口服治疗,均连续治疗6个月。观察两组患者临床疗效,黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、睾酮(T)、空腹血糖(FPG)及胰岛素(INS)水平的变化情况,采用胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)评估患者胰岛素抵抗水平,记录治疗过程中不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后,治疗组患者月经后期、卵巢多囊变的发生率明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患者血清LH、LH/FSH、T、INS及HOMA-IR水平与治疗前比较明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组患者治疗前后血清LH、LH/FSH、T、INS及HOMA-IR水平的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,治疗组患者血清LH、LH/FSH、T及INS水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间,对照组患者的不良反应发生率为10.0%(3/30),而治疗组患者未见严重不良反应。结论:补肾调经方治疗肾阴虚型多囊卵巢综合征的临床疗效较好,其机制可能是通过降低患者的LH、T及INS水平,优化卵泡的生长发育环境,从而改善患者的月经周期、不孕情况。     

抗-CD47单克隆抗体对输血前检测试验的干扰及处理措施——附1例报告

目的探讨抗-CD47单克隆抗体对输血前检测试验的干扰及处理措施。方法收集1名接受抗-CD47单克隆抗体治疗的骨髓增生异常综合征受试者标本,进行ABO和Rh血型抗原鉴定,直接抗球蛋白试验,不规则抗体筛选和抗体鉴定试验,交叉配血试验;收集多人份O型献血者血小板制备成压积血小板,与受试者血浆进行吸收试验;收集Rh抗原分型分别为CCDee、ccDEE和ccdee的O型红细胞各1人份,分别与受试者血浆进行吸收试验;使用缺乏IgG4的抗球蛋白试剂Gamma-clone进行抗体筛选与交叉配血试验,使用Immucor Capture-R固相凝集试剂盒进行不规则抗体筛选试验。结果受试者直接抗球蛋白为阳性,游离抗体筛选和鉴定试验在所有介质中均为阳性(3+~4+);血浆与红细胞多次吸收后,抗体筛选和抗体鉴定为阴性;与多次血小板吸收后,抗体筛选和抗体鉴定仍为阳性;使用Gamma-clone抗球试剂进行不规则抗体筛选和配血试验,结果均为阴性;Immucor Capture-R固相凝集试剂盒进行不规则抗体筛选试验,结果为阴性。结论抗-CD47单克隆抗体可干扰输血前检测及交叉配血,使用缺乏检测IgG4的抗球蛋白试剂Gamma-clone和Immucor capture-R固相凝集法可较好去除抗-CD47干扰。     

Characterization of an immune deficiency homolog (IMD) in shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) and crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)

The immune deficiency (IMD) signal pathway mediates immunity against Gram-negative bacteria in Drosophila. Recent studies show that the IMD pathway also involves in antiviral innate immune responses. The functions of the pathway in crustacean immunity are largely unknown. In this paper, two IMDs (FcIMD and PcIMD), one of the key elements of the IMD pathway, were identified from Chinese white shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis and red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Both proteins have a death domain located at the C-terminal. FcIMD was mainly expressed in the gills and stomach and PcIMD was mainly detected in the heart, hepatopancreas, and stomach. FcIMD peaked in hemocytes at 12 h after white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenge and it peaked in the gills at 6 h after WSSV challenge, but it was decreased at 2 h and kept the low level to 24 h in hemocytes and no obviously change in gill after Vibrio anguillarum challenge. PcIMD first decreased in hemocytes at 2 h and peaked at 12 h in hemocytes after V. anguillarum challenge. It was also upregulated in gill after bacterial challenge, peaked at 2 h, and decreased at 6 h, and then gradually increased at 12–24 h. PcIMD has no significant change in hemocytes and gill after WSSV challenge. Western blot analysis detected FcIMD protein in all tissues, and immunocytochemical analysis localized FcIMD in the cytoplasm of hemocytes. RNA interference analysis showed that the IMD pathway was involved in regulating the expression of three kinds AMP genes, including crustins, anti-lipopolysaccharide factors and lysozymes, in shrimp and crayfish. They are Cru 1, Cru 2, ALF 1, ALF 2 and Lys 1 in crayfish, and Cru1, Cru 3, ALF 6, ALF 8, and Lys2 in shrimp. These results suggest that although IMD distribution and expression patterns have some differences, the IMD pathway may have conserved function for AMP regulation in shrimp and crayfish immunity against Gram-negative bacteria.     

Heisenberg's Roadmap Guides our Journey to the Small Cognitive World of Drosophila

Abstract: Professor Martin Heisenberg is one of the pioneers in the exploration of neuroethology. With his inspiration and earnest help, we employed the fruitfly as a model system to investigate the underlying neural mechanism of cognitive behaviors. Here, we recalled the help from Martin in the early years and introduced some findings from our lab about visual cognition behaviors in Drosophila, such as decision making, selective attention, and experience-dependent visual pattern recognition. From the results so far, the circuit composed of mushroom bodies, central complex, and dopaminergic neurons may play an essential role in these behaviors.     

Protein-bound polysaccharide activates dendritic cells and enhances OVA-specific T cell response as vaccine adjuvant

Protein-bound polysaccharide-K (PSK) is a hot water extract from Trametes versicolor mushroom. It has been used traditionally in Asian countries for its immune stimulating and anti-cancer effects. We have recently found that PSK can activate Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). TLR2 is highly expressed on dendritic cells (DC), so the current study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of PSK on DC activation and the potential of using PSK as a vaccine adjuvant. In vitro experiments using mouse bone marrow-derived DC (BMDC) demonstrated that PSK induces DC maturation as shown by dose-dependent increase in the expression of CD80, CD86, MHCII, and CD40. PSK also induces the production of multiple inflammatory cytokines by DC, including IL-12, TNF-α, and IL-6, at both mRNA and protein levels. In vivo experiments using PSK as an adjuvant to OVAp323–339 vaccine showed that PSK as adjuvant leads to enlarged draining lymph nodes with higher number of activated DC. PSK also stimulates proliferation of OVA-specific T cells, and induces T cells that produce multiple cytokines, IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α. Altogether, these results demonstrate the ability of PSK to activate DC in vitro and in vivo and the potential of using PSK as a novel vaccine adjuvant.     

The 2nd Hungarian National Growth Study (2003–2006)

Background: Secular changes in the pattern of growth and maturation have been analysed by many regional surveys in Hungary during the last century. The first representative Hungarian National Growth Study was carried out between 1980–1983.

Aim: The main objectives of the 2nd Hungarian National Growth Study (2003–2006) were to construct reference data of the most important indicators of body development and nutritional status in Hungarian children (aged 3–18 years, n = 25 278); to analyse the influence of nutrition, habitual physical activity and socio-economic background factors on body development; to study secular changes in the pattern of development in Hungary in the last 20 years; and to analyse the relationship between body development and psychic health.

Subjects and methods: Anthropometric dimensions and proportions, sexual maturity status, body composition, nutritional status and body shape were used for body developmental estimation. Some indicators of psychic health were also investigated.

Results: Reference centiles and data of all absolute body dimensions, some relative body dimensions and the pattern of eating and habitual physical activity have been constructed.

Conclusion: Secular changes in the growth and maturation pattern are still taking place in the Hungarian population; sexual maturation in boys has shifted to a younger age.     

Efficiency of immunoglobulin G replacement therapy in common variable immunodeficiency: correlations with clinical phenotype and polymorphism of the neonatal Fc receptor

Treatment of common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID) is based on replacement therapy using intravenous (i.v.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) immunoglobulin (Ig)G. Interindividual variation of IgG dose is common. A total of 380 CVID patients on stable IgG replacement from two prospective cohorts were analysed. An ‘efficiency’ index was defined as the ratio of serum IgG trough level minus IgG residual to the average weekly dose of IgG infusion. A reduced efficiency of IgG was associated independently with the i.v. route (P < 0·001) and with the presence of at least one CVID disease‐related phenotype (lymphoproliferation, autoimmune cytopenia or enteropathy) (P < 0·001). High IgG efficiency was noted in patients homozygotes for the variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) 3/3 polymorphism of the neonatal Fc receptor gene [IgG Fc fragment receptor transporter alpha chain (FCGRT)] promoter, and this was particularly significant in patients treated with IVIG (P < 0.01). In a multivariate analysis, FCGRT VNTR 3/3 genotype (P = 0·008) and high serum albumin (P < 0·001) were associated independently with increased efficiency of i.v. Ig.