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81.
82.

Background

Moderately and late preterm infants represent a considerable and increasing proportion of infants cared for in neonatal departments worldwide. Parents of preterm infants are at risk of postpartal depression (PPD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and preterm infants are at risk of developmental impairment.

Aim

This study aimed to assess (1) the incidence of parental PPD and PTSD in moderate to late preterm infants in comparison to full-term infants and (2) the influence of infants' motor repertoire assessed by Prechtl's general movements and illness severity on parental PPD and PTSD.

Subjects

We studied 60 mothers and 56 fathers of 69 preterm infants (born at 32 to 37 weeks of gestation) and 32 mothers and 29 fathers of 34 full-term infants.

Outcome measures

We assessed the incidence of parental PPD, PTSD and perceived social support as well as infants' illness severity and motor repertoire at birth, term and 3 months corrected age.

Results

Preterm mothers and fathers had significant higher depression scores after birth compared to full-term parents (p = 0.033 and 0.021). Preterm fathers also had higher traumatization scores compared to full-term fathers (p = 0.007). Probable or possible PPD/PTSD was not associated with infant's illness severity or quality of motor repertoire. No differences in motor development were found between preterm and full-term infants.

Conclusion

Moderate to late preterm infants' parents are at increased risk for PPD irrespective of infants' motor repertoire or illness severity.  相似文献   
83.
84.
抑郁症是一种常见的情感障碍性疾病,西医对其病因病机尚未明确,治疗上缺乏确切的疗法。导师张梅奎立足传统中医理论与临床实践,结合现代医学对抑郁症的研究,认为心脾是抑郁症的主要病机关键,以疏肝健脾、养心安神为治疗法则,能显著改善患者的抑郁症状,延缓病情进展。为治疗抑郁症提供了新的思路和方法。  相似文献   
85.
目的:观察中西医结合治疗急性脑梗死伴抑郁(气虚血瘀证)的临床疗效.方法:选取急性脑梗死伴抑郁(气虚血瘀证)患者140例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各70例.对照组给予阿司匹林和盐酸舍曲林口服治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上加用自拟安神汤治疗,两组疗程均为30 d.结果:治疗后两组患者HAMD-17评分均较治疗前明显改善,且观察组明显优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组患者睡眠不深、早醒、抑郁情绪和胃肠道症状评分均明显优于对照组(P均<0.05);观察组患者使用盐酸舍曲林的剂量明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组NIHSS评分、mRS残障评级(0~2级)和Barthel指数评分≥85分改善情况均明显优于对照组(P均<0.05).结论:中西医结合治疗急性脑梗死伴抑郁(气虚血瘀证)可显著改善抑郁症状,减少盐酸舍曲林的使用剂量,促进神经功能恢复,降低残障评级,提高日常生活活动能力.  相似文献   
86.
This study examined the influences of proposed specific and common psychotherapeutic factors in a sample of chronically depressed adult outpatients. Participants (N = 324) were drawn from a multi-site clinical trial that compared the efficacies of the cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP), nefazodone, and their combination. This report is limited to patients receiving CBASP alone or combination treatment. A series of regression analyses were performed to test whether: (1) the ability to utilize the skills taught in CBASP mediated the relationship between the early therapeutic alliance and endpoint depression, and (2) the therapeutic alliance moderated the relationship between skill utilization and endpoint depression. Neither model was supported. Instead, each of these factors contributed independently and additively to alleviation of depressive symptoms.  相似文献   
87.
This research examined whether attributional style is more closely related to depressive symptoms for some people than for others. In Study 1, depressed patients voicing more explanations for negative events showed (nonsignificantly) higher correlations between attributional style and depressive symptoms. In Study 2, subjects reporting a tendency to ruminate about the causes of events showed stronger relations between attributional style and depressive symptoms. Conversely, subjectslow in attributional complexity exhibited stronger relations of depressive symptoms with positive-event attributional style. We speculated that by asking for ratings of only the single most important cause of events attributional style measures might provide a less adequate sample of the causal thinking of attributionally complex subjects. Study 3 partially supported this reasoning; attributional complexity was not significantly correlated with seeing events as having multiple causes, but it was associated with rating second-most-important causes as distinct from first causes on attributional dimensions. Thus, current attributional style measures and theories might be best-suited to subjects who (a) tend to ponder causes of events but (b) arrive at uniform conclusions about the nature of these causes.For assistance in conducting this research we are grateful to Christina Claffy, Jennifer Fine, Jennifer Hanlon, Mark Miller, Mark Nelson, Jennifer Poirier, Heather Quinn, Diana Roscow Terrill, and Sandra Thomsen. Parts of this research were supported by NIMH grant 1RO3MH47003-01A1 to the second author.  相似文献   
88.
Background: Visual impairment can lead loss of functional ability, necessity of accommodations and assistive technologies or having to rely on others for help. This can bring about feelings of sadness, dependency, inadequacy, and fear, which can put a person at risk for depression and affect one’s satisfaction with life.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of socio-demographic factors, disability-related factors, optimism, pessimism, self-esteem and social support on depression, and life satisfaction in visually impaired people.

Methods: A total of 94 visually impaired people completed the measures of socio-demographic and disability-related characteristics, optimism and pessimism, self-esteem, social support, depression and life satisfaction, administered by the authors. Correlational and hierarchical regression analysis was used to examine the relations and test the model for predicting depression and life satisfaction.

Results: The results have shown that depression was negatively related to the level of education, optimism, self-liking, self-competence, support from friends, family and coworkers, and positively related to comorbidity and pessimism. Life satisfaction was positively related to education, socio-economic status, optimism, self-liking, self-competence and support from friends, family and coworkers, and negatively to pessimism. Results have further shown that depression levels were predicted by education, comorbidity, optimism and self-liking, and that self-liking mediated the relationship between optimism and depression. Life satisfaction was predicted by optimism, pessimism, self-liking, friends’ support, and depression. Further analysis suggested that the path from optimism to life satisfaction goes through self-liking, friends’ support, and depression. Pessimism showed indirect effects through self-liking but also had direct effects on life satisfaction.

Conclusions: Focusing on optimism, pessimism, self-esteem, and social functioning of visually impaired is important in preventing depression and promoting life satisfaction, and should be a part of rehabilitation practices.

  • Implications for Rehabilitation
  • Screening for depression and mental health problems should be a part of rehabilitation process.

  • Changes in the perception of future outcomes should be monitored and addressed throughout rehabilitation process in order to boost realistic optimism and prevent discouragement and hopelessness.

  • Frequent feedback and positive reinforcement about a persons’ progress and ability should be given throughout rehabilitation process in order to promote positive view of oneself and prevent self-esteem problems.

  • Visually impaired people should be encouraged to socialise outside of their families and participate in social activities. This can be integrated in rehabilitation process as a part of everyday homework.

  相似文献   
89.
INTRODUCTIONManypost-strokepatientsoftenfeeldizzinessandinvalidafteroutinetherapy.Weemployedpsychologydrugtherapyinthesekindofpa-tientstoobservethecorrelationofdizzinessandpsychologyfactors.MATERIALSANDMETHODSMaterials82patientswerefromourclinicsanddepartmentandwithcompainofdizzinessfromJune1999toFebruary2002,withcourse1monthto3yearsandwithastrokehistorybeforedizzinessrangingfrom1monthto6months.Therewere51malesand31females,agerangingfrom62to80years(me…  相似文献   
90.
The main purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of cognitive risk variables for previous episodes of major depression and for the recurrence of the disorder in a sample of university graduate students (n = 97). Participants were diagnosed with at least one prior episode of major depression and were assessed again 16 months later (n = 77). Consistent with previous findings (Alloy et al., 2000. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 403–418), cognitive measures including dysfunctional attitudes and a negative attributional style were associated with a greater number of previous episodes of depression, controlling for mood, neuroticism, rumination, sociotropy, and autonomy. Cognitive vulnerability in the achievement domain as well as neuroticism and sociotropy were uniquely related to a greater number of previous episodes of depression. Negative attributions and autonomy predicted the recurrence of the disorder, controlling for past history of depression and all other variables. These findings suggest that the autonomous personality style and negative attributions are particularly pernicious for the recurrence of depression in graduate students. The cognitive variables were not related to anxiety diagnoses, but did predict Axis 2 disorders.  相似文献   
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