全文获取类型
收费全文 | 27232篇 |
免费 | 2624篇 |
国内免费 | 443篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 92篇 |
儿科学 | 879篇 |
妇产科学 | 507篇 |
基础医学 | 2629篇 |
口腔科学 | 253篇 |
临床医学 | 3791篇 |
内科学 | 2152篇 |
皮肤病学 | 192篇 |
神经病学 | 8978篇 |
特种医学 | 194篇 |
外科学 | 1056篇 |
综合类 | 2785篇 |
现状与发展 | 2篇 |
一般理论 | 4篇 |
预防医学 | 1829篇 |
眼科学 | 221篇 |
药学 | 2310篇 |
32篇 | |
中国医学 | 1693篇 |
肿瘤学 | 700篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 391篇 |
2023年 | 682篇 |
2022年 | 811篇 |
2021年 | 1210篇 |
2020年 | 1276篇 |
2019年 | 1177篇 |
2018年 | 1130篇 |
2017年 | 1201篇 |
2016年 | 1242篇 |
2015年 | 1088篇 |
2014年 | 1637篇 |
2013年 | 2473篇 |
2012年 | 1483篇 |
2011年 | 1485篇 |
2010年 | 1315篇 |
2009年 | 1272篇 |
2008年 | 1246篇 |
2007年 | 1216篇 |
2006年 | 1069篇 |
2005年 | 909篇 |
2004年 | 727篇 |
2003年 | 688篇 |
2002年 | 588篇 |
2001年 | 459篇 |
2000年 | 335篇 |
1999年 | 267篇 |
1998年 | 270篇 |
1997年 | 296篇 |
1996年 | 198篇 |
1995年 | 187篇 |
1994年 | 193篇 |
1993年 | 170篇 |
1992年 | 176篇 |
1991年 | 136篇 |
1990年 | 112篇 |
1989年 | 128篇 |
1988年 | 117篇 |
1987年 | 128篇 |
1986年 | 104篇 |
1985年 | 128篇 |
1984年 | 101篇 |
1983年 | 80篇 |
1982年 | 85篇 |
1981年 | 64篇 |
1980年 | 59篇 |
1979年 | 47篇 |
1978年 | 30篇 |
1977年 | 28篇 |
1976年 | 25篇 |
1975年 | 18篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
High frequency of Coxsackie-B-virus-specific IgM in children developing type I diabetes during a period of high diabetes morbidity 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
G Frisk J Fohlman M Kobbah U Ewald T Tuvemo H Diderholm G Friman 《Journal of medical virology》1985,17(3):219-227
Twenty-four consecutive children with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were investigated for a history of infectious disease. Thirteen of the 24 (54%) patients reported symptoms of acute infection within two months before diabetes was diagnosed. The mean age was 8.5 years and 15 (63%) of the patients were girls. No clear seasonal variation in onset was seen. Coxsackie B (CB)-virus-specific IgM responses were detected by reverse radioimmunoassay (RIA) in 16 of the 24 (67%) patients on the day of diagnosis of IDDM. The highest titre was usually recorded at that time, but with some the highest titre was found with a second serum obtained three to seven weeks after diagnosis. Thereafter the titres declined, and after six months IgM was detected only in a few patients. Thirteen patients displayed monotypic IgM responses, whereas three patients showed ditypic responses. Among the former, IgM was recorded against Coxsackie B4 (CB4) in four, B5 (CB5) in three, B1 (CB1) in two, B2 (CB2) in two, and B3 (CB3) in two patients. The ditypic responses were against CB2 and CB3, CB3 and CB4, and CB5. No CB-virus-specific IgM was detected in sera, found during the same period, from age-matched nondiabetic children without evidence of infection. In neutralisation (NT) tests, antibodies to the homotypic virus were found in 12 of the 16 diabetic patients showing CB-virus-specific at the time of diagnosis. A significant rise in NT titre was demonstrated in three of these patients. No significant clinical difference was noted between IgM positive and IgM negative patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
62.
Depression symptomatology was assessed up to four times at 2-year intervals on a sample of 2100 Danish twins initially aged 70 years and older. Data were analyzed using the biometric growth model approach proposed by Neale and McArdle (2000). Results show that occasion-specific depression is moderately and equally heritable in men and women (occasion-specific estimates of heritability ranged from 22% to 37%). Estimates of phenotypic variance, genetic variance, and heritability did not vary systematically across waves. In the best-fitting growth model, depression symptomatology was accounted for by two factors: (1) a level (i.e., average) effect that was highly heritable (estimate of 69% in women and 64% in men) and reflected overall vulnerability, and (2) a residual effect that was nonheritable and reflected occasion-specific circumstances that could either exacerbate or moderate inherited vulnerability. Attempts to identify specific genetic contributions to depression might profitably focus on average levels across multiple assessments, while attempts to identify specific environmental effects might profitably focus on deviations about this average. 相似文献
63.
IgE Anti-IgG Antibodies in Patients with Juvenile and Adult Rheumatoid Arthritis Including Felty's Syndrome 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anti-IgG; antihodies (anti-IgG) of the IgE class were studied in sera from patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and patients with Felty's syndrome (FS) by use of an indirect immunofluorescence technique. Forty-two percent of 26 patients with JRA had IgE anti-IgG in serum all in low titers. Positive reactions prevailed in patients with multiple joint involvement. Sixty-three percent of 30 patients with RA and 80% of 20 patients with FS had IgE anti-IgG, the titers found in FS patients being significantly higher. In JRA and FS patients the IgE anti-IgG titers were correlated to the titers of anti-IgG of the IgG class, and for FS patients also with the IgM and IgA classes of anti-IgG. In six of 10 patients with RA the synovial fluid samples from both knees contained IgE anti-IgG. In four of these patients the titers of IgE anti-IgG were higher than in the corresponding serum sample, pointing to a local production. After G-200 Sephadex chromatography IgE anti-IgG were demonstrated in the void volume indicating the presence of these autoantibodies in immune complexes. IgE anti-IgG may be involved in the pathogenesis of JRA and RA by eliciting Type I and III reactions. 相似文献
64.
Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis: A report of two unrelated adult sibling cases and a literature review
Hideto Senzaki Yasuhiko Kiyozuka Yoshiko Uemura Nobuaki Shikata Satoshi Ueda Airo Tsubura 《Pathology international》1998,48(3):230-236
Two unrelated adult sibling cases (36- and 32-year-old females) of Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis are presented. The parents of one of these patients were non-consanguineous but natives of a small Island, and one elder sister among four siblings was affected with the same disease. The parents of the other patient were consanguineous, and one other sibling suffered from the identical disease. Both patients presented with multiple subcutaneous nodules, which they had had since infancy, and had undergone numerous surgical excisions. Light microscopy examination of skin lesions from both patients showed identical histology; an abundance of a homogenous, amorphous, eosinophlllc extracellular matrix in which spindle-shaped cells were embedded. Electron microscopically, the spindle-shaped cells had hypertrophic Golgi apparatus and dilated, rough endoplasmlc reticulum. Fine flbrillar and granular material-filled structures, the contents of which were occasionally released into the extracellular matrix, were also seen, immunohistochemically, the spindle-shaped cells were vlmentin-positive but negative for α-smooth muscle actln and S-100 protein, and the hyaline ground substance was positive for type I and type III collagen but negative for type II and type IV collagen and tenascin. Matrix metalloprotelnase-1, -2, and -9, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TlMP)-2 was positive but TIMP-1 was negative. A review of 39 cases of juvenile hyaline fibromatosis In the literature is also presented. In summary, skin lesions may be the most outstanding symptoms of juvenile hyaline fibromatosis, but joint contracture and gingival hypertrophy precede the skin manifestation. 相似文献
65.
The facilitation of lordosis behavior by the cortical application of KCl has been confirmed. Ovariectomized female rats were injected with estradiol benzoate (EB) for 3 days and then a 15% KCl solution was put into permanent cannulae resting on the cortical dura. Sexual behavior tests were performed 15, 30, 60 and 90 min and 24 hr after KCl application and a lordosis quotient (LQ) was obtained from each 10-mount test. There was a significant increase in the LQ 15 min after KCl application to levels which approached those seen after priming with both EB and progesterone. Although lordosis behavior was facilitated, no EEG changes were found following KCl application in 7 of 9 rats, but there was marked depression of the amplitude of the cortical EEG in the remaining 2. It is concluded that KCl application, a treatment which produces functional decortication by inducing spreading depression, suppresses a cortical inhibitory system for lordosis behavior. 相似文献
66.
Thomas C. Baghai Peter Zwanzger Cornelius Schüle Christo Minov Stefanie Behrens Rainer Rupprecht Hans‐Jürgen Möller Rolf Engel Brigitta Bondy 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》2002,114(5):530-532
Growing evidence suggests that G‐proteins may be involved in pathogenesis and treatment of affective disorders. Several studies have reported altered levels and/or activities of stimulatory G‐proteins in depression. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a polymorphism in the stimulatory α subunit of G‐proteins (T/C point mutation in exon 5; ATT → ATC at codon 131) is associated with major depression or response to antidepressant treatment. Therefore, we performed a case‐control association study with 212 depressive patients and 137 healthy, unrelated controls. There was no evidence for an association between the investigated polymorphism in the Gαs gene and major depression, as well as to treatment response. The results of our study are in concordance with recently published findings which do not support the hypothesis that the gene for the stimulatory α subunit of G‐proteins is a major susceptibility factor in the pathophysiology of major depression. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
67.
George Winokur Carolyn Turvey Hagop Akiskal William Coryell David Solomon Andrew Leon Timothy Mueller Jean Endicott Jack Maser Martin Keller 《Journal of affective disorders》1998,50(2-3):81-89
Objective: Previous work has shown that manic-depressive illness and alcohol abuse are linked. This study further explores the relationship of alcohol and drug abuse in bipolar I patients and unipolar depressives and a comparison group obtained through the acquaintance method. Method: Diagnosis was accomplished according to Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC): controls=469; bipolars=277; unipolar depressives=678. Systematic data were gathered using the SADS on lifetime and current drug abuse and alcoholism. Both patients and comparison subjects were then followed prospectively for 10 years. First degree family members were interviewed using the RDC family history method. Results: The group of bipolar patients and the group of unipolar patients had higher rates of drug and alcohol abuse than the comparison group when primary and secondary affective disorder patients were combined. However, primary unipolar patients did not have higher rates of alcohol or drug abuse than the comparison group. In contrast, primary bipolar patients had higher rates of alcoholism, stimulant abuse, and ever having abused a drug than the primary unipolar group and the control group. In an evaluation of the bipolar patients, drug abusers were significantly younger at intake and had a significantly younger age of onset of bipolar disorder. There was a significant increase in family history of mania or schizoaffective mania in the drug-abusing bipolar patients as compared to the non-abusing bipolar patients. Limitation: As in all adult samples of patients with affective illness, the chronology of alcohol and substance problems vis-à-vis the onset of illness was determined retrospectively. Conclusions: (1) Alcoholism and drug abuse are more frequent in bipolar than unipolar patients. (2) The drug abuse of bipolar patients tends toward the abuse of stimulant drugs. (3) In a bipolar patient, familial diathesis for mania is significantly associated with the abuse of alcohol and drugs. (4) More provocatively, these findings suggest the hypothesis of a common familial-genetic diathesis for a subtype of bipolar I, alcohol and stimulant abuse. Clinical implications: The present analyses, coupled with two previous ones from the CDS, suggest that drug abuse may precipitate an earlier onset of bipolar I disorder in those who already have a familial predisposition for mania. Furthermore, in dually diagnosed patients with manic-depressive and alcohol/stimulant abuse history, mood stabilization of the bipolar disorder represents a rational approach to control concurrent alcohol and drug problems, and should be studied in systematic controlled trials. 相似文献
68.
吗氯贝胺与米帕明治疗抑郁症多中心双盲对照试验 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的 :以经典抗抑郁药物米帕明为阳性对照药采用随机双盲双模拟方法对吗氯贝胺和米帕明治疗抑郁症的疗效和安全性进行研究。方法 :共纳入病人 2 0 0例 ,分别口服吗氯贝胺 3 0 0 -60 0mg d或米帕明75 -2 5 0mg d。结果 :两组病人Hamilton抑郁量表 (HAMD)以及Hamilton焦虑量表 (HAMA)总分在治疗结束时均显著下降 (P <0 0 0 1)。两组之间疗效无显著差异 (p >0 0 5 )。治疗结束时HAMD减分率分别为吗氯贝胺组 0 74± 0 2 4,米帕明组 0 74± 0 2 4(P >0 0 5 ) ;有效率吗氯贝胺组 79 4% ,米帕明组 85 4% (P >0 0 5 )。吗氯贝胺组有 10种不良反应发生频率显著低于米帕明组 ,主要是抗胆碱能、中枢神经系统及心血管系统不良反应。吗氯贝胺的疗效指数也显著高于米帕明组。结论 :吗氯贝胺是一种安全有效的抗抑郁药物 相似文献
69.
In addition to their robust difference in trait anxiety, as illustrated by a variety of behavioral tests, HAB and LAB rats differ in their stress coping strategies, the former being more susceptible and vulnerable to stressor exposure and preferring more passive strategies. HAB rats of either gender show signs of a hyper-reactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, thus resembling psychiatric patients. As shown by in situ hybridization and microdialysis in freely behaving animals, both the expression and release of vasopressin in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus are higher in HAB than in LAB rats, thus contributing to the HPA axis hyperdrive. Accordingly, in HAB animals, administration of a V1 receptor antagonist normalized the pathological outcome of the dexamethasone/corticotropin-releasing hormone test and triggered behavioral changes toward reduced anxiety and active stress coping. Pharmacological validation has revealed signs of depressive-like behavior, as HAB but not LAB rats have shown more active stress coping behavior and a normalized HPA axis after treatment with paroxetine. Of interest, this antidepressant reduced the hypothalamic overexpression of vasopressin; this novel mechanism of action is likely to contribute to paroxetine effects on both behavioral and neuroendocrine parameters. Cross-mating and cross-fostering paradigms showed that the divergent emotionality in HAB vs. LAB rats is determined genetically, rather than postnatally through maternal behavior. As the behavioral and neuroendocrine phenotyping pointed to the vasopressin gene as a candidate gene critically involved in anxiety, preliminary genetic approaches have been focused on this gene, revealing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promotor area of the vasopressin gene in HAB, but not LAB rats. HAB/LAB rats are thus proving to be a unique animal model to identify and characterize neurobiological, neuroendocrine, and genetic correlates of trait anxiety, and perhaps depression, in humans. 相似文献
70.
Perceived parental rearing behaviour in unipolar and bipolar depressed patients. A verification study in an Italian sample 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Two groups of former depressed Italian patients comprising 54 bipolars and 52 unipolars completed the Italian version of the EMBU, a Swedish instrument aimed at assessing the experience of parental rearing behaviour. As in a previous study of Swedish depressives, three factors, "rejection", "emotional warmth", and "over-protection", have been taken into account. The results obtained in the patient group have been compared with those obtained in Italian healthy controls. Depressed patients rated both parents significantly lower than the controls on the factor "emotional warmth". The present results cross-validate those obtained previously in the Swedish depressives and strengthen, together with other findings in the literature, the assumption that the lack of emotional warmth in the parents' rearing practices might be a crucial variable in the pathogenesis of depressive illnesses. 相似文献