Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Jaws: Clinicopathological Study

Aim

The aim of the present study was to analyze clinical, radiological and histopathological features of aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) of jaws.

Materials and Methods

Archival data from 2009 to 2012 present in the Oral Pathology Department was retrieved and clinicopathological features of all the cases which had been previously diagnosed as ABC were analyzed in detail.

Results

Seven cases ranging in age from 10 to 50 years were included, in which maximum (5/7) cases were below 20 years. Ratio of presentation of lesion in male to female and in maxilla to mandible was 3:6 and 1:6 respectively. Swelling and pain were the most common presenting features. Variable presentation of the lesion was observed radiographically; although multilocular, well defined, bone expansion and perforation were the most common observations. Histopathological analysis revealed association of one case with ossifying fibroma and two cases with trabecular variety of juvenile ossifying fibroma. Predominance of solid variety was noted and other features like stroma, giant cells, nature of blood vessels, bone destruction and perforation and presence of any osteoid or calcified material was also accounted for. The current study showed association of two cases with trabecular variety of juvenile ossifying fibroma, which is a rare finding.

Conclusion

ABCs of jaws, thus have varying patterns of presentation which are diagnostically challenging. A thorough examination of the incisional/excisional tissue is thus required to confirm the association with any other lesion which will affect the treatment plan for the patient.     

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??Abstract??Objective To explore the influence of psychological intervention on juvenile patients in psychology and orthodontic treatment. Methods A total of 62 juvenile patients receiving orthodontic treatment were divided equally into two groups. Patients in control group only received routine orthodontic treatment and were told something to be noted??while patients in experimental group received psychological intervention and orthodontic treatment. A comparative study was carried out according to the Self-rating Anxiety Scale??SAS??and Self-rating Depression Scale??SDS??. Results There were higher prevalence of anxiety and depression in juvenile patients before receiving orthodontic treatment??and there was no significant difference between two groups. The psychological intervention patients in experimental group had lower scores than the control group in both SAS and SDS??P??0.05????and there was significant difference between two groups. After nearly 2 years of treatment??there was also significant difference between two groups in the treatment effect. Conclusion Psychological intervention can reduce the anxiety and depression of patients receiving orthodontic treatment and has greatly improved the curative effect of orthodontic treatment.     

Determining the anxiety and depression levels of pre-dialysis patients in eastern Turkey

Background: This study aimed to characterize the onset of psychopathological manifestations before dialysis in patients with chronic renal disease, thus contributing to the nursing care of these patients. Subjects and methods: A total of 120 patients registered at the Atatürk University Medical School who fulfilled the eligibility criteria and provided informed consent were included in this study. Results: The majority of the participants, 63.4% were female, 50.0% were 39 years of age or older, 70.0% were married, 80.0% had no current occupation, 56.7% were high school graduates, and 48.3% did not know the cause of their disease. As indicated, 35.0% of the subjects had a depression score over the threshold level, with an average score of 8.53?±?2.45, while patients with scores over the threshold for anxiety made up 53.4%, with an average score of 11.45?±?3.56. Conclusion: This study shows the presence of psychopathological problems before patients are started on dialysis. Therefore, nurses may alleviate pre-dialysis patients’ fears and provide the necessary support to cope with anxiety and depression, thereby raising the patients’ quality of life.     

肥胖伴黑棘皮病患者抑郁状况调查分析

目的:对肥胖伴黑棘皮病患者的心理抑郁状况进行调查分析,为其临床诊治提供支持。方法:2014年3月至8月在上海市第十人民医院内分泌科门诊及住院部就诊的88例肥胖患者以及年龄匹配的56名正常体质量健康志愿者(正常对照组,n=56)参加问卷调查。88例肥胖患者分为单纯性肥胖组(n=30)及肥胖伴黑棘皮病组(n=58)。采用Beck-Ⅱ抑郁问卷对3组研究对象进行测试,同时收集一般临床资料及检验指标,进行相关性分析。结果:肥胖伴黑棘皮病组患者FFA及UA高于单纯性肥胖组(P0.05)。单纯性肥胖组及肥胖伴黑棘皮病组患者抑郁评分高于正常对照组(P0.05),肥胖伴黑棘皮病组患者抑郁发生率为67.2%,高于单纯性肥胖组(43.4%)及正常对照组(3.6%,P0.05)。结论:肥胖伴黑棘皮病患者代谢紊乱及抑郁状况较单纯肥胖患者更严重,在减重的同时需要积极干预患者的抑郁状态。     

Fear of fear and the anxiety disorders

The responses of 271 outpatients with diagnoses of agoraphobia with panic attacks, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or depression (major depressive disorder or dysthymic disorder) to the Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire (ACQ) and the Body Sensations Questionnaire (BSQ) were examined. Agoraphobics scored significantly higher than all other groups on fear of body sensations associated with anxiety. In addition, agoraphobics, together with clients with panic disorder, had significantly higher scores on thoughts that physical illness would be caused by their anxiety. All clinical groups scored significantly higher than normal controls on thoughts that their anxiety would lead to social embarrassment or loss of control; there were no significant differences among clinical subjects on this measure, although agoraphobics' scores were higher than those of all other groups. In addition, analyses of data from 364 agoraphobics showed that the ACQ and BSQ predicted an important feature of agoraphobia—namely, self-reported avoidance behavior, even once the common variance of fear of fear with trait anxiety was partialed out. In summary, it appears that fear of fear is an important distinguishing characteristic among clients with anxiety disorders, and one that cannot be reduced to global psychological distress or trait anxiety.The authors wish to thank Aaron T. Beck, Gary Brown, and Gail Steketee, whose cooperation in data collection made this study possible; Nazareth Pantaloni, for his assistance in data analysis; and Carol Glass, for her helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper.     

The Effects of Rumination and Distraction Tasks on Psychophysiological Responses and Mood in Dysphoric and Nondysphoric Individuals

Prior experimental manipulations of ruminative and distractive response style have not included psychophysiological measures or investigated the statistical relation between rumination and the conceptually-related constructs of worry and neuroticism. Dysphoric (n =84) and nondysphoric participants (n =86) were randomly assigned to either a rumination task (i.e., self-focused attention) or a distraction task. Results supported prior findings that distraction and rumination differentially impact depressed mood in dysphoric individuals; dysphoric ruminators reported significantly higher levels of postexperiment depressed mood than did dysphoric distractors, even after neuroticism, worry, or response style were included in the empirical model. However, post- rumination worry ratings were significantly higher than postdistraction worry ratings, regardless of initial dysphoria status. Of the psychophysiological responses measured, a significant difference in postrumination systolic blood pressure was found between nondysphoric men (M = 119.88; SE = 1.29) and nondysphoric women (M = 114.88; SE = 1.20). The implications of these results for future response style studies are discussed     

The Implementation of Cognitive Therapy in STAR*D

The Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) project will provide symptomatic and functional outcome data to evaluate the theoretical principles and clinical beliefs that currently guide the treatment of nonpsychotic major depression. Cognitive Therapy (CT) for depression has been chosen as a switch or augmentation treatment for patients who have failed an adequate trial of the antidepressant citalopram. We describe the rationale, organization, and role of CT in STAR*D. We discuss the issues involved in developing and implementing CT in a large, multisite, effectiveness study: therapist selection, training, certification, quality assurance, and post-training supervision. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our implementation procedures on interpreting the results of the STAR*D study.     

Hopelessness depression in depressed inpatients: Symptomatology,patient characteristics,and outcome

This exploratory study examined the association between level of hopelessness and specific depression symptomatology, patient characteristics, and treatment outcome. Results from 80 unipolar depressed inpatients suggested that high-hopelessness patients could be discriminated from low-hopelessness patients on hypothesized symptoms of depression, characterized by retarded initiation of voluntary responses (a motivational symptom) and sad affect (an emotional symptom). Moreover, high-hopelessness patients could be discriminated from patients low in hopelessness on the patient characteristics of greater suicidal ideation, social dysfunction, and cognitive dysfunction. Finally, compared to low-hopelessness patients, depressed inpatients high in hopelessness exhibited a poorer outcome to pharmacological and cognitive-behavioral treatment interventions.This research was supported by National Institute of Mental Health grants MH-35945 and MH 44778. Preparation of this article was supported by a grant from the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression. Portions of this article were presented at the 26th annual convention of the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Boston, November 1992.     

Increased plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels in migraineurs

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cortical spreading depression and neurogenic inflammation have been hypothesized to be key steps in the development of migraine headache. Recent studies have highlighted matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in cortical spreading depression, neurogenic inflammation, and cerebral ischemia. To seek their possible association, we investigated plasma MMP-9 levels in migraineurs during headache-free periods. METHODS: Plasma MMP-9 levels in 84 migraine subjects and 61 controls were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, 23 patients with tension type headache were included in the study as comparative subjects. RESULTS: The MMP-9 levels in migraineurs (42.5+/-4.6 ng/mL, mean+/-SE) were significantly higher than those in controls (25.4+/-2.7 ng/mL, P< .005). Those levels in tension type headache subjects (24.6+/-4.8 ng/mL) did not differ from those in controls. There was no significant difference between subjects having migraine with aura and those without aura. The MMP-9 levels did not correlate with age, duration of illness, frequency of migraine attack, duration of headache attack, or medication for headache. Mean plasma MMP-9 levels were the highest in subjects from whom blood samples were taken 2-4 days after their latest attack. CONCLUSIONS: The degradation of extracellular matrix showing the increase of MMP-9 in migraineurs may be associated with an abnormality in their blood vessel permeability. MPP-9 plays some role in migraine pathophysiology. Further studies of MMPs are necessary to elucidate their role.