对促宫颈成熟与引产孕产妇的全程分娩管理模式

目的探讨在全程分娩管理模式下,为孕产妇提供促宫颈成熟与引产服务的可行性。方法选择2018年1月1日至2020年12月31日,在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院接受待产、分娩到产后康复(LDRP)一体化全程分娩管理模式(以下简称为LDRP管理)的848例孕产妇为研究对象。根据孕产妇进入产房时是否进入自然产程,将其分为自然临产组(n=441)和引产组(n=407)。采用回顾性分析法,对2组孕产妇的一般临床资料,如分娩年龄、孕次、孕龄、妊娠并发症,以及母儿结局进行比较。本研究遵循的程序符合2013年修订的《世界医学协会赫尔辛基宣言》的要求,并经过南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院伦理委员会审核批准(审批文号:201702001)。结果①2组孕产妇分娩年龄、孕次和高龄孕产妇所占比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组孕产妇分娩孕龄、经产妇占比、早产率、缩宫素使用率、分娩时长比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②引产组孕产妇均使用前列腺素类药物促宫颈成熟或缩宫素进行引产,其中使用地诺前列酮栓、米索前列醇、缩宫素、地诺前列酮栓+米索前列醇分别为26.5%(108/407)、10.3%(42/407)、60.0%(244/407)、3.2%(13/407)。③2组接受LDRP管理孕产妇总剖宫产术分娩率(2.9%vs 7.1%)、会阴侧切率(20.1%vs 28.6%)、新生儿出生体重[3410 g(3180~3650 g)vs 3340 g(3040~3640 g)]、总住院时间[4 d(3~4 d)vs 4 d(4~5 d)]比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.846、χ^(2)=7.894、Z=-2.730、Z=-5.112,P<0.05)。④2组LDRP管理孕产妇临产后剖宫术分娩产率、产后24 h出血率、产后24 h出血量≥1000 mL、异体红细胞悬液输注率和宫腔水囊压迫率和产后住院天数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论为符合纳入、排除标准孕产妇LDRP管理具有一定可行性,孕产妇及其分娩新生儿均可获得良好妊娠结局。     

《2020 ACOG实践简报:孕龄≤70 d药物流产(No.225)》解读

药物流产(MA)是早孕期避孕失败的补救措施,主要药物为米非司酮和米索前列醇,二者联合使用,可使早孕期孕妇完全终止妊娠率达到90%。但是,MA导致的患者阴道流血时间长、量多,甚至阴道大流血,而需采取急诊刮宫术治疗等,尚未被彻底解决。如何安全、有效终止早孕期妊娠,保护女性生殖健康是目前国内外该领域的研究重点。美国妇产科医师学学会(ACOG)发布的《2020 ACOG实践简报:孕龄≤70 d药物流产(No.225)》对早孕期孕妇终止妊娠,具有重要指导作用。笔者拟就该简报对MA用于孕龄≤70 d孕妇的临床效果评估,MA用药方案、禁忌证、适应证,MA前咨询和检查,MA疼痛管理,MA后观察、预防性抗菌药物使用、随访管理、避孕措施9个方面基于循证医学推荐进行解读。     

多信道经颅磁刺激线圈阵列设计及场强分布计算

目的：显示多元线圈阵列在球形头模中产生的电磁场分布,方法：设计了一种新型经颅磁刺激仪的线圈阵列,建立在人体头部产生的电磁场模型。结果：计算出不同线圈电流组态下,合成刺激磁场及感应电场在人体头部的分布,并作图显示几种电流组态下,三维了形和二维等高线圈,结论：多信道经颅磁刺激线圈阵列在人体头部产生的电磁场可控性强,聚焦性能强,而且可同时刺激不同的靶目标。     

影响急性白血病诱导缓解的因素分析

目的：分析影响急性白血病诱导缓解的因素。方法：总结６４例急性白血病的治疗情况,分析判断包括年龄、白血病类型、骨髓原始加幼稚（或早幼粒）细胞比例、周围血白细胞计数、有无肝脾肿大等因素与完全缓解（ＣＲ）率的关系。结果：不同年龄、周围血白细胞计数的ＣＲ率差异有显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）。白血病类型、骨髓原始加幼稚（或早幼粒）细胞比例、有无肝脾肿大的ＣＲ率差异无显著意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：高龄（≥６０岁）和高白细胞急性白血病（周围血白细胞计数≥１００×１０９／Ｌ）,ＣＲ率低,预后差。     

大鼠酒精性肝病血浆内毒素水平及其对肝脏的损害作用

目的　观察实验性大鼠酒精性肝病时血浆内毒素水平及其在酒精性肝损害中的作用。方法　随机将Wistar大鼠分为乙醇喂养组和葡萄糖喂养对照组。乙醇喂养组大鼠饮水中加入乙醇 (剂量 5～ 1 2 g·kg-1·d-1)喂养 ,对照组饮水中加入相同量的葡萄糖。两组大鼠分别于 4周和 8周活杀取材测定其血浆中内毒素浓度变化及血清中谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)水平变化 ,并在光镜和电镜下观察肝脏的形态学改变。结果　乙醇喂养组大鼠喂养 4周和 8周时血浆内毒素浓度分别为 1 2 9± 2 1 pg/ml和 1 87±3 5pg/ml,明显高于对照组的 48± 9pg/ml和 53± 1 1 pg/ml(P <0 0 5) ;乙醇组血清ALT浓度为 1 1 2± 1 5IU/L和 1 47± 2 2IU/L。也明显高于对照组的 3 1± 1 2IU/L和 3 3± 9IU/L(P <0 0 5)。乙醇组肝组织发生显著的病理变化 ,主要表现为脂肪变性、炎性细胞浸润及细胞坏死。对照组肝组织病理变化不明显。结论　乙醇能诱导大鼠血中内毒素浓度升高 ,造成肝脏损害     

不停搏与停搏体外循环冠状动脉旁路移置术心肌保护的研究

①目的 对非体外循环心脏冲动下冠状动脉旁路移置术（OPCAB）及常规体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移置术（CABG）的心肌保护效果进行比较。②方法 将102例冠状动脉粥样硬化病人随机分成3组：不停搏冠状动脉旁路移置术组（不停搏组,35例）,间断温氧合血心脏停搏液冠状动脉旁路移植术组（温血停搏组,32例）,间断冷氧合血心脏停搏液冠状动脉旁路移植术组（冷血停搏组,35例）,3组病人术前心功能、年龄、性别、体质量无统计学差别,各组于围术期不同时点分别测定血清肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、心肌肌钙蛋白T（cTnT）,关胸前每组各随机抽取2例病人取左心室壁心肌行电子显微镜心肌超微结构观察。③结果 不停搏组术中,术后各时间点CK-MB,cTnT与温血停搏组和冷血停搏组比较,差异有显著性（CK-MB：F=10.42～178.43,q=7.21～23.40,P〈0.01,q=3.02～3.90,P〈0.05;cTnT;F=7.21～78.96,q=6.34～16.83,P〈0.01,q=2.95～3.72,P〈0.05）;不停搏组心肌超微结构表明心肌保护效果明显优于停搏两组。④结论 不停搏组心肌保护效果优于温血停搏组和冷血停搏组,温血停搏组心肌保护效果亦优于冷血停搏组。     

Toxic Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile colitis: No longer a diarrhea associated infection

BackgroundClostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is traditionally taught to be an antibiotic associated diarrheal infection. This diagnosis is based on the presence of clinical symptoms (usually defined as more than 3 watery, loose or unformed stool within 24 h) coupled with a diagnostic test. There is now a new presentation of CDI, including progression to toxic megacolon, in patients without diarrhea.MethodsWe report a case series of 9 surgical patients from a single institution who developed CDI without preceding diarrhea.ResultAll 9 patients had CDI with positive laboratory testing for C. difficile toxin. They, however, presented with a lack of or minimal bowel movements. Six patients had rapid development of abdominal distention, 1 patient had a single episode of watery stool in 3 days, while the other 2 patients presented with constipation. Seven patients received stool softeners, suppositories and/or enemas for presumed constipation. Four patients had a mild course of infection and were successfully treated medically. The other 5 patients developed toxic megacolon, and eventually required total abdominal colectomy. Out of the 5 patients that required total colectomy, 2 expired.ConclusionCDI must be suspected in patients who rapidly develop abdominal distention, vague abdominal complaints or change in bowel function even in the absence of diarrhea, especially if coupled with multi-system organ failure.     

激素性股骨头坏死血管新生相关基因的鉴定及其靶向中药成分筛选验证

目的 基于生物信息学分析筛选激素性股骨头坏死（steroid induced osteonecrosis of femoral head,SONFH）中涉及血管生成相关的基因,进一步探讨其作用机制并筛选靶向中药活性成分。方法 通过Perl语言和R软件处理GEO数据,获得SONFH的关键差异基因,使用David工具进行基因本体（gene ontology,GO）和京都基因与基因组百科全书（Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG）分析。然后使用STRING平台和Cytoscape软件分析蛋白互作关系,用MCODE和CytoHubba插件识别重要基因簇模块和核心基因,并进一步验证。使用CTD数据库搜索靶向核心基因的中药活性成分并用autodock vina软件进行分子对接,以及探索核心基因与SONFH的相互作用。利用激素诱导人股骨头骨微血管内皮细胞（bone microvascular endothelial cells,BMECs）,通过CCK-8、细胞划痕实验和Transwell实验观察白藜芦醇对细胞增殖及迁移的影响,通过Western ...     

人诱导多能干细胞分化来源心肌细胞特征及促成熟方法研究进展

人诱导多能干细胞分化来源的心肌细胞(Human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes,hiPSC-CMs)为心脏修复、心脏药物测试、体外心脏建模等提供了理想细胞来源。但hiPSC-CMs与心肌细胞相比并不成熟,表现在缺乏某些特定基因表达,结构、代谢、电生理不成熟,Ca 2+处理水平低等方面。许多研究都聚焦于促进hiPSC-CMs成熟的方法,包括生化刺激、物理刺激、共培养、3D培养、miRNA等。本文对hiPSC-CMs特征及其促成熟方法进行综述,并展望该领域的发展方向。     

Comparison of 18F‐FDG PET/CT and 68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT in the Targeted Imaging of Culprit Tumors Causing Osteomalacia

ObjectiveTo assess and compare the performance of fluorine‐18‐labeled fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (¹⁸F‐FDG‐PET/ CT) and gallium‐68‐labeled tetraazacyclododecanetetraacetic acid‐DPhe1‐Tyr3‐octreotate (⁶⁸Ga‐ DOTATATE) PET/CT in the targeted imaging of culprit tumors causing osteomalacia.MethodsThis was a clinical retrospective analysis. We analyzed 13 patients (five men, eight women; mean age, 49 years; range, 19–55 years) with suspicion of tumor‐induced osteomalacia (TIO) between March 2017 and October 2019. All patients underwent two functional imaging methods to locate the culprittumors. Studies were performed on a PET/CT scanner. The injection doses of ¹⁸F‐ FDG and ⁶⁸Ga‐DOTATATE were 0.5mCi/kg and approximately 5.0mCi, respectively. In the two scans, the whole body was captured from head to toe 45 to 60 min after intravenous tracer injection. ⁶⁸Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT and ¹⁸F‐FDG PET/CT imaging results locate culprit tumors according to the following criteria: (i) abnormal foci uptake concentration was observed locally, and the uptake level was higher than the background level of the right lobe of the liver; (ii) combined CT showed or did not have obvious abnormal density changes; and (iii) non‐specific ingestion lesions due to fracture, arthritis, necrosis of femoral head are excluded. Compared with the results of pathological examination and clinical follow‐up, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ⁶⁸Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT imaging and ¹⁸F‐FDG PET/CT imaging for TIO were analyzed.ResultsAll patients had symptoms of osteomalacia and hypophosphatemia. The lag time (symptoms to PET diagnosis) ranged from 2 to 12 years. There were eight cases of TIO patients and five cases of non‐TIO patients confirmed by surgery, pathology and follow‐up. Among the eight TIO patients, there were six cases (75.0%) of PMTs, one case (12.5%) of giant cell tumor, one case (12.5%) of hemangiopericutoma. Most (n = 6, 75.0%) of the confirmed tumors in our patient population were in the lower extremities, followed by craniofacial regions (n = 1, 12.5%), and torso (n = 1, 12.5%), respectively. Among the five non‐TIO patients, there were two cases of Fanconi syndrome, one case of rickets, and two cases of sporadic osteomalacia hypophosphorus. The culprit tumors could be located either in the bone (n = 5, 62.5%) or the soft tissue (n = 3, 37.5%). ¹⁸F‐FDG PET/CT was able to localize the tumor in six (6/13, 46.1%) patients. ⁶⁸Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT detected tumor in 8 (83.3%) of 13 patients. The sensitivity of ⁶⁸Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT imaging and ¹⁸F‐FDG PET/CT imaging in the evaluation of TIO in our patient population were 100% (8/8) vs 75% (6/8). The specificity of the two different methods was 80% (4/5). The overall accuracy was 92.3% (12/13) vs 76.9% (10/13).Conclusions ⁶⁸Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT is very effective in assessing hypophosphatemia patients with TIO typical symptoms compared with ¹⁸F‐FDG. Therefore, in clinically suspected cases of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia, ⁶⁸Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT should be preferred as an imaging modality investigation to avoid delay in the treatment of this disease.