健胃愈疡颗粒剂对幽门螺旋杆菌的抑菌试验及对胃粘膜上皮细胞凋亡的影响

目的　探讨健胃愈疡颗粒剂（ＪＷＹＹ）促进幽门螺旋杆菌（Ｈｐ）感染的消化性溃疡（ＰＵ）愈合及抗复发的作用机制。方法　采用试管稀释和琼脂培养皿法做了ＪＷＹＹ对Ｈｐ的体外抑菌实验；体内实验通过尿素酶检测，病理活检光镜、电镜观察ＪＷＹＹ对Ｈｐ根除情况；同时用原位末端标记法（ＴＵＮＥＬ）检测ＪＷＹＹ对Ｈｐ感染的ＰＵ患者胃粘膜上皮细胞凋亡的影响。　结果　ＪＷＹＹ对Ｈｐ具有抑菌作用，其ＭＩＣ为１∶２５６即３．９１ｍｇ／Ｌ；体内试验显示ＪＷＹＹ对Ｈｐ根除率为７３．６％；经ＪＷＹＹ治疗的患者胃粘膜上皮细胞凋亡指数（９．５±１．２３）明显低于治疗前（７９．６±４．５６）（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论　抗Ｈｐ感染，抑制胃粘膜上皮细胞凋亡是ＪＷＹＹ促进ＰＵ愈合、降低ＰＵ复发的重要机制之一。     

新型药物制剂的研究开发

回顾了上海医药工业研究院自１９５７年建院以来对新型药物制剂的研究开发。特别对如下领域所取得的成果：缓释／控释系统、透皮吸收系统、靶向给药系统、静注乳剂、气雾剂、栓剂、辅料和药用器械作了概述。     

Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against Bovine Luteinizing Hormone

Five mouse hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibody against bovine luteinizing hormone (LH) have been established and the respective antibodies characterized by radioimmunoassay, immunofluorescence and immunoelectrophoresis. All antibodies belong to the IgG class and bind to staphylococcus protein A. Intraspecies cross-reactivity studies revealed no reaction with bovine follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). However, all antibodies showed partial cross-reaction with bovine thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suggesting a close conformational similarity between bovine LH and TSH. Studies on interspecies cross-reactivity (rat and human) showed that three of these five antibodies strongly react with rat LH but not at all with either rat FSH or rat TSH thus representing monospecific reagents for investigations concerning LH in this species. One of these three antibodies also strongly binds to human LH and to the same extent to human chorionic gonadotropin (CG) but not to human FSH or TSH. It was concluded that at least three different epitopes on the bovine LH molecule are recognized and that they are located on the β-chain of the hormone.     

A human IgG 3 is opsonicin vitro against type III group B streptococci

Preparations of IgG 3 isolated by absorption of IgG 1, IgG 2, and IgG 4 from a human iv immunoglobulin with protein A-Sepharose were evaluated for their opsonic activities against type III group B streptococcal (GBS) strains. The resulting preparations were free of IgG 1 and IgG 2 and contained only trace amounts of IgG 4 (<2% of total IgG). These IgG 3 preparations exhibited excellent opsonic activities against type III GBS strains, similar to those of the unfractionated iv immunoglobulin (based on total IgG concentrations in the opsonic assays). In contrast, preparations of IgG 1, 2, and 4 eluted from protein A-Sepharose with 2M acetic acid and 7M urea were significantly less effective in enhancing phagocytosis and killing of type III GBS than IgG 3 preparations or iv immunoglobulin. The reasons for excellent opsonic activity of IgG 3 preparations as well as for decreased opsonic activity of IgG 1, 2, and 4 preparations are not clear. Perhaps alteration of IgG by lower pH and high concentrations of urea may have impaired the functional activity of IgG 1, 2, and 4 preparations. The significant finding of this study is the first demonstration of the excellent opsonic activity of IgG 3, emphasizing the importance of having intact IgG 3 in commercial immunoglobulin preparations used in prophylaxis or treatment of GBS infections.     

Botany,phytochemistry, pharmacology,and potential application of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb.et Zucc.: A review

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. (Polygonum cuspidatum), also known as Reynoutria japonica Houtt and Huzhang in China, is a traditional and popular Chinese medicinal herb. Polygonum cuspidatum with a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects has been used for treatment of inflammation, favus, jaundice, scald, and hyperlipemia, etc.

Aim of the review

The present paper reviews the traditional applications as well as advances in botany, phytochemistry, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of this plant. Finally, the tendency and perspective for future investigation of this plant are discussed, too.

Materials and methods

A systematic review of literature about Polygonum cuspidatum is carried out using resources including classic books about Chinese herbal medicine, and scientific databases including Pubmed, SciFinder, Scopus, the Web of Science and others.

Results

Polygonum cuspidatum is widely distributed in the world and has been used as a traditional medicine for a long history in China. Over 67 compounds including quinones, stilbenes, flavonoids, counmarins and ligans have been isolated and identified from this plant. The root of this plant is used as the effective agent in pre-clinical and clinical practice for regulating lipids, anti-endotoxic shock, anti-infection and anti-inflammation, anti-cancer and other diseases in China and Japan.

Conclusion

As an important traditional Chinese medicine, Polygonum cuspidatum has been used for treatment of hyperlipemia, inflammation, infection and cancer, etc. Because there is no enough systemic data about the chemical constituents and their pharmacological effects or toxicities, it is important to investigate the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of this plant based on modern realization of diseases’ pathophysiology. Drug target-guided and bioactivity-guided isolation and purification of the chemical constituents from this plant and subsequent evaluation of their pharmacologic effects will promote the development of new drug and make sure which chemical constituent or multiple ingredients contributes its pharmacological effects. Additionally, chemicals and their pharmacological effects of the other parts such as the aerial part of this plant should be exploited in order to avoid resource waste and find new chemical constituents.     

Toxicity of Danshen Injection in Beagle’s Dogs by Repeated iv Injection

Objective To re-evaluate the potential toxicity of Danshen Injection(DI)in Beagle’s dogs by repeated iv injection.Methods DI was iv given to the dogs at the doses of 0,1.6,5.4,and 16.0 g/(kg·d)(4 per sex per group)for 13weeks.During the test period,the clinical signs,mortality,body weights,food consumption,rectal temperature,ophthalmoscopy,electrocardiography,urinalysis,hematology,serum biochemistry,organ weights,gross findings,and histopathology were examined.Results Dogs iv given with DI at the doses of 0,1.6,5.4,and 16.0 g/(kg·d)for13 weeks had no drug-related changes in mortality,body weight,food consumption,temperature,electrocardiography,ophthalmoscopy,urinalysis parameters,and organ weights.The hematological parameter data showed a significant decrease in red blood cells and hemoglobin concentration in the high-dose group and a significant increase in activated partial thromboplastin time suggesting an effect on haemopoiesis.For biochemical parameters,a significant decrease in glucose and a significant increase in total bilirubin were observed in the high-dose group,and the latter was considered to be toxicologically insignificant as lack of histopathological correlate.However,the histopathological examinations of the injection site showed that DI could cause dose-dependent focal inflammation.Conclusion That the iv injection with DI into dogs at 16 g/(kg·d)for 13 weeks could cause the decreases in red blood cell parameters and glucose,as well as the lesions of the injection site.The no observed adverse effect level is5.4 g/(kg·d),which suggests that safe clinical dosing be possible.     

The hollow fiber assay for drug responsiveness in the Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of the National Cancer Institute's hollow fiber assay (HFA) to evaluate and prioritize novel treatment strategies for clinical trials in the Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT). STUDY DESIGN: The growth and morphology of ESFT cell lines in hollow fibers (HFs) was characterized in vitro and in vivo. Reliability and reproducibility were evaluated using doxorubicin. RESULTS: The numbers of viable cells in all 6 ESFT cell lines increased with time in vitro (0 to 96 hours). The SKES-1 and A673 cell lines grew exponentially after implantation of HFs in nude mice at subcutaneous and intraperitoneal sites. ESFT cells formed highly organized distinctive morphology within the HFs in vitro and in vivo. The number of viable ESFT cells within the HFs decreased in a time-dependent (24 to 96 hours) and dose-dependent (1 to 10 mg/kg) manner after treatment with doxorubicin in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: The HFA is a versatile short-term in vivo model that may be exploited to predict efficacy of potential anticancer agents in ESFT cells. Tumor markers and pharmacodynamic endpoints may be quantified in the pure population of ESFT cells from within the HFs.     

晚间接白天静滴催产素引产70例临床观察

目的 探讨17时接白天持续静滴催产素引产的临床意义。方法 随机选择单胎头位,无骨盆狭窄,孕41周以上和无产兆初产妇70例为研究对象（观察组）,采用晚间17时接白天持续静滴催产素方法引产,对照组70例采用传统的8时至17时静滴催产素方法引产,进行对比。结果 观察组引产－分娩时间短于对照组,自然分娩率高于对照组,剖宫产率低于对照组,两组比较有明显差异（P＜0．05）。结论 17时接白天持续静滴催产素方法可取得满意的效果。     

加替沙星犬静脉给药的长期毒性研究

观察了加替沙星连续静脉注射（ｉｖ）给药１３周对Ｂｅａｇｌｅ犬所发生的各种反应,评价加替沙星的安全性。加替沙星以０,８,１６,３２ｍｇ／ｋｇ每天给药一次,每周６天。结果表明,ｉｖ加替沙星后,犬出现恶心、呕吐、排便、皮肤潮红、眼睑红肿、流涎、活动减少等现象。所有症状在给药后２ｈ均可恢复。动物可见食欲不振,第３周恢复正常。对犬的血常规、血清生化、血清离子、尿、粪常规、体重增长、心电图等均示发现明显的异常