输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石的可行性及安全性

目的 评价输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石的临床效果及安全性.方法 选取2006年6月～2013年12月本院收治的输尿管结石患者156例,随机分为观察组和对照组各78例,观察组采用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗,对照组采用体外冲击波碎石术治疗,观察并比较两组输尿管不同部位结石的成功率及不同部位术后并发症的发生率.结果 观察组上段结石总有效率为75.00％,中下段结石总有效率为94.83％,合计总有效率为89.74％;对照组上段结石总有效率为88.89％,中下段结石总有效率为71.67％,合计总有效率为75.64％.观察组上段结石总有效率低于对照组,中下段结石总有效率高于对照组,合计总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.两组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 对于输尿管中下段结石应首选输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术,而输尿管上段结石应结合患者的具体情况加以选择.     

远程肢体缺血预处理在择期剖宫产手术中的应用

目的探讨远程肢体缺血预处理应用在择期剖宫产手术中的可行性。方法选择本院拟择期行剖宫产手术的足月产妇40例,随机分为两组（n=20）,A组于择期剖宫产前进行常规术前检查与准备;B组在择期剖宫产前除完成常规的术前检查与准备外,并于剖宫产前2 h进行左下肢缺血预处理。两组产妇均于胎儿娩出后采集脐动脉血测定MDA、SOD含量,对比胎儿娩出时两组产妇MBP、HR的波动情况、脐动脉血中MDA、SOD含量比较,以及新生儿的Apgar评分。结果与A组比较,B组产妇在胎儿娩出时MBP、HR更为稳定,两组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;而采集的脐动脉血中MDA含量A组高于B组,而SOD含量B组显著高于A组,两组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;在新生儿Apgar评分中,A组低于B组（P〈0.05）。结论肢体缺血预处理能安全有效地应用于择期剖宫产手术中。     

格列齐特对2型糖尿病大鼠心肌缺血预适应保护作用的影响

目的 探讨格列齐特对2型糖尿病大鼠离体心脏缺血预适应保护作用的影响。方法 将造模成功的2型糖尿病大鼠随机分为糖尿病缺血预处理组、糖尿病再灌注损伤组、糖尿病缺血预处理+格列齐特组、糖尿病再灌注损伤+格列齐特组。将对照组大鼠随机分为缺血预处理组、再灌注损伤组。分别于平衡灌注后、缺血再灌注开始及再灌注60 min末3个时间点分别收集冠脉流出液,测定乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）的释放量;在再灌注末,取左心室游离壁心肌组织,进行荧光定量PCR检测心肌ATP敏感性钾离子（KATP）通道组成亚基Kir6.2和SUR2A mRNA的表达;免疫组织化学技术检测其蛋白的表达水平。结果 对于糖尿病非药物治疗大鼠,糖尿病缺血预处理组与糖尿病再灌注损伤组比较,冠脉流出液中LDH、CK、CK-MB无明显差异;Kir6.2和SUR2A mRNA及蛋白表达也均无明显差异。而与糖尿病缺血预处理组、糖尿病再灌注损伤+格列齐特组比较,糖尿病缺血预处理+格列齐特组均降低了糖尿病大鼠心肌缺血预处理后缺血再灌注损伤冠脉流出液中LDH、CK、CK-MB释放量（P<0.05）;也使Kir6.2 mRNA及蛋白表达明显增加（P<0.05）;但SUR2A mRNA表达差异无统计学意义。与糖尿病再灌注损伤+格列齐特组比较,糖尿病缺血预处理+格列齐特组SUR2A蛋白表达水平也增加明显（P<0.05）。结论 格列齐特对心肌缺血预处理的保护作用无不利影响,反而能改善2型糖尿病大鼠心肌缺血预适应的保护作用。     

Optimization of Nonlinear Lamb Wave Detection System Parameters in CFRP Laminates

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates, as unique multifunctional materials, are widely applied in various aircraft, such as airliners, fighter planes, and space shuttles. To ensure aircraft safety during the production and application of CFRP laminates, it is necessary to improve the accuracy of nonlinear Lamb wave nondestructive testing to assess the damage in CFRP laminates caused by impact, high temperature, friction, corrosion, etc. In this study, the accuracy of nonlinear ultrasonic nondestructive testing was found to highly depend on the cycle number, output level and gain of the nonlinear ultrasonic detection system. Based on a single-factor experiment that considered the cycle number, output level, and gain of the amplifier as independent variables, a regression analysis was carried out on the fundamental wave amplitude value (A₁) and second harmonic amplitude value (A₂). Two response surface surrogate models were established to improve the accuracy of nonlinear Lamb wave nondestructive testing and to optimize the detection system parameters. The response surface models were verified via an analysis of variance (ANOVA), significance tests and an error statistical analysis. The results revealed the significant influence of these three factors on A₁ and A₂. Optimization of the response surface was achieved at eight cycles, an output level of 42 and a gain of 32 dB. Moreover, the nonlinear ultrasonic detection system achieved good operational stability, high accuracy and reliability under the above optimal parameter conditions. This approach provides scientific guidance for the accurate assessment of CFRP laminate damage.     

低分子肝素钙联合双抗治疗进展性缺血性脑卒中疗效观察

目的：观察低分子肝素钙联合双抗治疗进展性缺血性脑卒中的临床效果。方法将100例进展性缺血性脑卒中患者随机分为观察组和对照组各50例。观察组采用氯吡格雷及拜阿司匹林与低分子肝素钙联合治疗,对照组采用血塞通常规治疗。观察2组患者治疗前后纤维蛋白原（Fg）水平、凝血酶原时间（PT）及神经功能缺损评分变化。结果观察组治疗总有效率为94％高于对照组的70％,差异有统计学意义（P ﹤0.05）;2组疗前 Fg、PT 比较差异无统计学意义（P ﹥0.05）,疗后2周,观察组 Fg 水平低于对照组,PT 大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P ﹤0.05）;治疗前2组患者神经功能缺损评分比较差异无统计学意义（P ﹥0.05）,治疗后观察组神经功能缺损评分低于对照组（P ﹤0.05）。结论采用低分子肝素钙联合双抗血小板治疗进展性缺血性脑卒中,可改善神经神经功能缺损情况,提高临床治疗效果,改善脑微循环,对改善患者预后有非常重要的价值。     

Japanese and Non-Japanese Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke: A Five-Year Risk Analysis of Stroke and Vascular Events

Aims: We have previously reported 5-year follow-up data on the TIAregistry.org, an international prospective cohort in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke. We conducted a Japanese subgroup analysis because outcomes and predictors might differ according to ethnicities and regions. In this study, we compared the baseline and 5-year follow-up data of Japanese and non-Japanese patients with TIA or minor stroke. Methods: Patients with TIA or minor ischemic stroke within 7 days after the onset were classified into two groups based on ethnicity, Japanese ( n =345) and non-Japanese ( n =3502); further, 5-year event rates were compared between the two groups. We also determined predictors of 5-year stroke for both groups. Results: Vascular death and death from any cause were identified to be less prevalent, unlike stroke and intracranial hemorrhage, which was determined to be more prevalent in Japanese than in non-Japanese patients. Five-year rate of stroke was significantly higher in Japanese patients. Cumulative stroke and major cardiovascular event rates did not decline but instead linearly increased from 1 to 5 years in both groups. Baseline risk factors for 5-year stroke were as follows: age, diabetes, history of stroke or TIA, and congestive heart failure in Japanese patients. Independent predictors of 5-year stroke were large artery atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, diabetes, and age in Japanese patients. Conclusions: Recurrent stroke and intracranial hemorrhage were determined to be more prevalent at 5 years after TIA or minor stroke in Japanese patients than in non-Japanese patients. Strategies to mitigate the long-term risks of stroke, aside from adherence to current guidelines, should take Japanese-patient-specific residual risks into account.     

剪切波弹性成像技术联合多参数评估肝硬化患者食管静脉曲张价值研究*

目的 探讨应用剪切波弹性成像(SWE)技术联合多参数评估肝硬化患者并发食管静脉曲张(EV)的价值。方法 2018年3月～2021年3月我院收治的肝硬化患者89例,接受胃镜检查,了解EV发生情况,采用SWE技术检测脾脏杨氏模量最大值(Emax)和杨氏模量平均值(Emean),使用彩色多普勒超声检测肝脏门静脉直径(PVD)、脾脏厚径(ST)、脾脏长径(SD)和脾静脉直径(SVD),应用受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)分析各参数诊断肝硬化患者并发EV的效能。结果 经胃镜检查发现,本组89例肝硬化患者并发EV者53例;EV组在Child-Pugh分级、白蛋白、凝血酶原时间国际标准化比值、血小板计数和有腹水的比率等方面与非EV组比,均存在显著性差异(P<0.05);EV组Emax和Emean分别为(55.9±10.5)kPa和(38.9±9.2)kPa,显著大于非EV组【分别为(45.2±7.3)kPa和(29.3±6.7)kPa,P<0.05】,PVD、ST、SD和SVD分别为(13.6±2.1)mm、(48.0±9.4)mm、(149.1±27.1)mm和(10.1±1.9)mm,均显著大于非EV组【分别为(11.5±1.8)mm、(36.9±8.7)mm、(119.8±24.9)mm和(7.8±1.7)mm,P<0.05】;分别以Emax、Emean、PVD、ST、SD和SVD为53.2 kPa、33.6 kPa、11.9 mm、43.8 mm、136.5 mm和8.9 mm为截断点,其诊断肝硬化并发EV的AUC分别为0.84、0.83、0.73、0.80、0.67和0.82,诊断的敏感度和特异度分别为66.0%和88.9%、75.5%和77.8%、79.3%和61.1%、77.4%和72.2%、58.5%和69.4%、77.4%和80.6%。结论 应用SWE技术测量脾脏Emax和Emean可用于肝硬化患者并发EV的诊断,对帮助判断病情,及时予以预防处理。     

Prediction of pancreatic fistula after pancreatectomy by virtual touch tissue imaging and quantification (VTIQ) technology

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the stiffness of pancreatic parenchyma and solid focal pancreatic lesions (FPLs) by virtual touch tissue imaging and quantification (VTIQ) technique and to investigate the potential usefulness of VTIQ method in the prediction of post-operative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after pancreatectomy.MethodsIn this prospective study, patients who scheduled to undergo pancreatectomy were initially enrolled and received VTIQ assessment within one week before surgery. VTIQ elastography (Siemens ACUSON Sequoia, 5C-1 transducer) was used to measure the shear wave velocity (SWV) value of FPLs and the body part pancreatic parenchyma. The palpation stiffness of pancreas was qualitatively evaluated during operation by surgeons. POPF was finally diagnosed and graded through a three-weeks post-operative follow-up according to international study group of pancreatic fistula (ISGPF). SWV values were compared between POPF positive and negative group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of SWV value in predicting POPF.ResultsFrom December 2020 to June 2021, 44 patients were finally enrolled in this study, among which, 26 patients were identified to develop POPF after pancreatectomy. The SWV value of pancreatic parenchyma in POPF positive group was significantly lower than that in POPF negative group (P = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in palpation stiffness between the two groups (P = 0.124). Besides, neither the SWV value of FPL nor the SWV ratio between FPL to surrounding pancreatic parenchyma differ significantly between POPF positive and negative group (P > 0.05). Taking SWV value of pancreatic parenchyma >1.10 m/s as a cut-off value for predicting POPF, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was 0.864 with 72.2% sensitivity, 92.3% specificity, 86.7% positive predictive value (PPV) and 82.8% negative predictive value (NPV), respectively.ConclusionsVTIQ technique might be a potential non-invasive imaging method to predict POPF before pancreatectomy in future clinical practice.     

An initial trial of quantitative evaluation of autoimmune pancreatitis using shear wave elastography and shear wave dispersion in transabdominal ultrasound

Background/ObjectivesWe aimed to examine therapeutic efficacy and prognosis prediction of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) using shear wave elastography (SWE) and shear wave dispersion (SWD) in transabdominal ultrasound (US).MethodsThe subjects were 23 patients with diffuse type 1 AIP who underwent SWE and SWD, and 34 controls with a normal pancreas. Elasticity and dispersion were defined as the pancreatic elastic modulus (PEM) and dispersion slope, respectively. PEM and dispersion slope were compared between AIP and control cases, and the short-term therapeutic effect and long-term prognosis were examined.ResultsPEM (30.9 vs. 6.6 kPa, P < 0.001) and dispersion slope (15.3 vs. 13.0 (m/sec)/kHz, P = 0.011) were significantly higher in AIP cases than in controls. Among the 17 AIP patients followed-up in two weeks after treatment, these parameters were 12.7 kPa and 10.5 (m/sec)/kHz with median decrease rate of 37.2% and 32.8%, respectively, which were significantly higher than the change in the size of pancreatic parenchyma (14.4%, P = 0.026). Fourteen of these subjects were followed up for >12 months, during which 2 had relapse; diabetes improved in 5 and worsened in 2; in 60% of cases, the pancreatic parenchyma was atrophied. The % change in PEM after two weeks was tended to be higher in non-atrophy cases.ConclusionSWE and SWD measurement in US may be useful for quantitative assessment of AIP and evaluation of short-term treatment efficacy.