中药预处理对缺血再灌注损伤家兔血流动力学的影响

目的探讨中药复方温心汤对急性心肌梗死家兔血流动力学和心功能的影响。方法采用家兔缺血再灌注损伤模型,56只家兔随机分成7组,观察缺血前、缺血30min、再灌注120min的血流动力学参数[左室内压峰值(LVSP)、左室内压最大上升速率( dp/dtmax)、左室内压最大下降速率(-dp/dtmax)]、心率及心输出量的变化。结果缺血30min、再灌注120min时缺血预适应组和温心汤预处理组LVSP、 dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax、CO的恢复率与缺血再灌注组相比均差异显著(P<0.01)。结论缺血预适应和中药复方温心汤预处理可以改善再灌注期间的心功能,使左室内压及其最大变化速率明显升高,心输出量明显增加,提示临床选用温心汤预处理防止或减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤是可行的。     

归芪胶囊对家兔心肌缺血-再灌注损伤血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化氢的影响

目的探讨归芪胶囊对家兔心肌缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法以家兔血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、过氧化氢(H20 2)为指标进行实验观察.结果归芪胶囊对心肌缺血-再灌注损伤家兔血清中GSH-PX的升高与H202的降低有显著作用(P＜0.01).结论归芪胶囊通过对GSH-PX与H202含量的影响,对再灌注心肌损伤有保护作用.     

清开灵和甲基强的松龙注射液联合用药对油酸型急性肺损伤家兔的治疗作用

目的:观察静脉注射清开灵、甲基强的松龙(MP)注射液及其联合用药对油酸型急性肺损伤(ALI)家兔的影响。方法:家兔随机分为11组:对照组,油酸组,治疗组分别包括清开灵和MP注射液以及清开灵+MP注射液小、中、大剂量组。iv油酸(0.05mL·kg^-1)复制家兔ALI模型后,立即iv上述药液,观察给予油酸前及以后30,60,120min时的呼吸频率和幅度,于各时间点测定动脉血气含量;实验后处死家兔取肺组织,测定肺组织LDH,CAT和MDA的含量,及观察病理变化。结果:与油酸组比较,清开灵和MP注射液小、中、大剂量组的呼吸幅度显著升高、呼吸频率显著降低(P<0.05);治疗30min时,清开灵+MP注射液小、大剂量组的PaO₂显著升高(P<0.05),120min时,清开灵、MP及清开灵+MP注射液小、中和大剂量组的PaCO₂显著降低(P<0.05);清开灵、MP注射液中、大剂量组的LDH显著升高、CAT和MDA显著降低(P<0.05);清开灵+MP小、中剂量组可以减轻由油酸引起的病理改变。结论:清开灵+MP小剂量对油酸型肺损伤家兔的疗效优于同剂量下 的单独用药;而清开灵或MP大剂量单独给药的疗效优于同剂量下的联合用药。     

三保心对大鼠心肌缺血-再灌注损伤保护作用及其对体内外血栓形成影响的实验研究

目的：探讨三保心中药复方(三保心)对大鼠心肌缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用及对体外血栓形成的影响。方法：结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支40min后再灌注180min。观察三保心对心肌缺血再灌注损伤大鼠超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量和一氧化氮(NO)含量的影响。采用chandler法造成体外血栓和电刺激颈总动脉形成体内血栓，观察三保心对体内外血栓形成的影响。结果：三保心可显著提高心肌缺血-再灌注损伤大鼠血清中SOD活性，降低MDA含量，同时明显升高NO含量。三保心高剂量组明显延长大鼠体内血栓形成时间。各剂量组均能显著抑制大鼠体外血栓的形成。结论：三保心对缺血再灌注心肌损伤有一定的保护作用，其作用机制可能与扩张血管、提高氧自由基清除酶活性、抑制脂质过氧化反应有关。且具有抑制体内外血栓形成的作用。     

痉、痿证方对大鼠脊髓持续性压迫损伤局部NGF、BDNF的调节作用

目的:研究大鼠脊髓持续性压迫后NGF、BDNF含量及NGF、BDNF原位基因表达变化,探讨痉、痿证方对大鼠脊髓持续性慢性损伤NGF、BDNF的影响.方法:采用大鼠颈椎前路螺钉压迫颈脊髓,螺钉持续留置压迫30天以产生慢性损伤,蛋白含量用免疫组化EnVision法,基因表达用原位杂交法.结果:(1)免疫组化:统计结果NGF、BDNF结果相近:轻压模型组与假手术组比较,具有显著性差异,P＜0.05;析因设计:①试验压迫与药物2因素间无交互作用; 药物因素有统计意义;②不同药物因素之间(含模型组)有非常显著性差异,P＜0.01.(2)原位杂交:假手术组少见阳性染色的细胞,而模型组和用药组可见明显阳性染色的细胞,NGF和BDNF的阳性细胞特征大致相近.结论:药物干预能促进神经营养因子的分泌,脊髓神经细胞和胶质细胞参与了NGF和BDNF的分泌.     

川芎内酯A预处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注所致血管内皮细胞损伤的保护作用

目的:观察川芎内酯A预处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注所致血管内皮细胞损伤的保护作用。方法:采用Langendorff离体心脏灌流方法,在恒温恒压条件下,以0.5mL.min^-1的灌流速度给药,剂量分别为0.05,0.025,0.0125g.L^-1与K-H灌流液同时灌流心脏10min;全心停灌30min,再灌60min。结果:川芎内酯A预处理能提高大鼠离体心脏停灌再灌期的冠脉流量;降低冠脉流出液中IL-1β浓度和TXB₂/6-Keto-PGF_1α的比值;室性心动过速(VT)和心室颤动(VF)的发生率降低,VT,VF持续时间缩短;心肌匀浆液乳酸脱氢酶、丙二醛的含量降低,超氧化物歧化酶活性提高。结论:川芎内酯A预处理对大鼠离体心脏停灌再灌注损伤所致的血管内皮细胞损伤可能具有保护作用。     

Intrathecal administration of an NMDA or a non-NMDA receptor antagonist reduces mechanical but not thermal allodynia in a rodent model of chronic central pain after spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injuries (SCI) result in a devastating loss of function and chronic central pain syndromes frequently develop in the majority of these patients. The present study uses a rodent spinal hemisection model of SCI in which mechanical and thermal allodynia develops by 24 days after injury. Post-operative paw withdrawal responses to low threshold and high threshold mechanical stimuli compared to pre-operative responses (4.78, 9.96, and 49.9 mN) were increased and were statistically significant (p<0.05) for both forelimbs and hindlimbs indicating the development of mechanical allodynia. By contrast, post-operatively, the temperature at which paw withdrawal accompanied by paw lick occurred was significantly decreased (p<0.05), indicating the development of thermal allodynia. The intrathecal application of either D-AP5, a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, or NBQX-disodium salt, a competitive non-NMDA AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist, alleviated the mechanical allodynia and lowered the threshold of response for the high threshold mechanical stimuli in a dose-dependent manner, and these decreases were statistically significant (p<0.05). By contrast, neither the D-AP5 nor the NBQX produced a statistically significant change in the thermal allodynia behavior in either forelimbs or hindlimbs in the hemisected group. No significant changes in locomotion scores, and thus no sedation, were demonstrated by the hemisected group for the doses tested. These data support the potential efficacy of competitive excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists in the treatment of chronic central pain, particularly where input from low threshold mechanical afferents trigger the onset of the painful sensation. Furthermore, these data suggest a role for both NMDA and non-NMDA receptors in the development of plastic changes in the spinal cord that provide the underlying mechanisms for central neuropathic pain.     

Age and Outcome After Severe Head Injury

The authors analyzed the relationship between patient age and the final outcome in a series of 810 patients aged 14 years or older who were consecutively admitted between 1987 and 1996 after suffering a severe closed head injury. The most relevant clinico-radiological variables were prospectively collected in a Data Bank. Stratified and logistic regression analyses were performed in order to assess the influence of age on adverse outcome and the interaction between patient age and other prognostic indicators. Our results reaffirm that the adverse outcome rate increases steadily with age in severe head injured patients and that age effect on outcome is independent of other prognostic variables. The odds of having an adverse outcome increases significantly over 35 years of age being 10 times higher in patients older than 65 years as compared to those aged 15-25 years (reference age group). The adverse influence of an advanced age on the final outcome has not yet been satisfactorily explained but an older brain may have an impaired ability to recover after a pathological insult as compared to a younger one.     

某钢铁企业职业伤害调查研究

[目的]探讨某钢铁股份公司职业伤害的发生特点、分布、主要原因及发生趋势。[方法]根据对某钢铁股份公司1999年1月至2002年12月间职工人数及发生的职业伤害事故调查资料进行分析。[结果]该公司2002年职业伤害发生率为22．39／万，职业伤害类型以物体打击(24．39％)、灼烫(17．56％)、高处坠落(17．32％)和机械伤害(15．37％)为主。而操作不当(22．20％)和安全意识不强(15．85％)是其主要原因。[结论]职业伤害防制应从提高职工安全意识和技术水平着手，针对不同类型作业场所采取相应的措施。