垃圾焚烧残渣无机盐溶出实验

对垃圾焚烧烟气灰及炉渣中无机盐阴离子进行溶解性实验,包括F^-,Cl^-,NO2^-,PO4^3-,Br^-,NO3^-,SO4^2-,试验结果表明烟气灰中NO2^-,PO4^3-,Br^-比较难溶出,F^-经过150倍纯水45min的浸出仍未被溶出,而Cl^-,NO3^-,SO4^2-几乎完全被溶出;炉渣中Br^-,SO4^2-未被溶出,PO4^3-,NO2^-较难溶出,NO3^-,F^-,Cl^-几乎完全溶出。     

HPLC法测定注射用氧化型谷胱甘肽二钠有关物质及含量

目的:考察不同色谱条件下注射用氧化型谷胱甘肽二钠有关物质的色谱行为,建立注射用氧化型谷胱甘肽二钠有关物质高效液相色谱分析方法及含量测定方法。方法:固定相为ZorbaxXB-C18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);流动相为0.006M辛烷磺酸钠溶液-甲醇(95:5);检测波长为210nm,柱温30℃。结果:注射用氧化型谷胱甘肽二钠的线性范围为0.5-10μg,r=0.9999,总有关物质含量小于1%。结论:此法简单,分离度良好,结果准确,可以用于注射用氧化型谷胱甘肽二钠的含量测定和有关物质的检测。     

加压素固相合成方法的研究

建立了一个加压素固相合成的改良法,Ｂｏｃ－Ｇｌｙ柱树脂的方法由钾盐改为盐法,Ｃｙｓ的巯基用ｐＭｅＢｚｌ保护,其他氨基酸侧链均不保护,从而避免了钠／液氨处理。     

一种理论与实验相结合的IDD健康教育模式探讨及效果评价

对杭州市某小学９～１１岁学生进行ＩＤＤ及预防常识和碘盐半定量测定实验教学,再通过学生对其家长和亲友进行宣教。结果宣教后学生与家长等ＩＤＤ及预防学识知晓率均显著高于宣教前（Ｐ〈０．００１）;９４％的学生能较好掌握碘盐半定量检测方法与结果判断;碘盐合格率９２．３％（３５８／３８８份）。表明以小学生为主体的理论加实践健康教育模式,知与行相结合,由学校到社区具有放大效应,宣教效果良好。     

Systematic Approach for Screening of Prodrugs: Evaluation Using Oseltamivir Analogues as Models

Prodrug development is a common approach in drug development. In a recent study, we established a systematic strategy for selecting prodrugs with improved membrane permeability or solubility based on log D value, solubility in artificial intestinal fluids, membrane permeability, and metabolic instability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of this strategy using oseltamivir and 23 kinds of oseltamivir analogues having various types of side chain as well as their active metabolite, oseltamivir acid. Log D values of oseltamivir and analogues (2.0 to 4.9) were higher than that of oseltamivir acid (0.7), supporting the previous development of oseltamivir to improve permeability of oseltamivir acid. Solubilities of analogues in artificial intestinal fluids were over 80%, except the compound with the highest lipophilicity. Positive correlation was observed between membrane permeability and log D values of analogues. In metabolic profiles, species differences in the hydrolysis efficiency were observed depending on analogues. Using our strategy, it was demonstrated that oseltamivir and some analogues are appropriate prodrugs that could be advanced to in vivo pharmacokinetic studies, with selection of suitable animals. This study confirmed the utility of our strategy for narrowing down of candidate compounds to proceed into in vivo study.     

果翅和盐胁迫对霸王属两种植物种子萌发行为的影响

对果翅、盐溶液浓度对木本霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylum)和翼果霸王(Zygophyllum pterocarpum)种子的萌发行为影响进行了研究。结果表明,木本霸王果翅对种子的萌发率和萌发进程具有强烈的抑制作用,具果翅的种子萌发率为0,刺破果翅后种子萌发率也在10%以下。而翼果霸王则对果翅的存在与否不敏感,只是减缓了种子的萌发进程,而萌发数量不存在显著差别。盐碱胁迫使两植物种子萌发率降低,并且这种抑制作用随着胁迫的加强而增强。但木本霸王对盐胁迫的耐受能力要高于翼果霸王。     

The role of dietary sodium in autoimmune diseases: The salty truth

Autoimmune diseases are a group of heterogeneous condition that occur secondary to the intrinsic loss of tolerance to self- antigens. In genetically susceptible individuals, the complex interplay of environmental factors and epigenetic deregulations have been proposed to drive disease etiopathogenesis. Various environmental variables have been identified including viral infections, exposure to pollutants, stress and dietary factors. Sodium, a major constituent of salt is essential for mammalian physiology. However, high salt intake may play a role in the development of autoimmune diseases. Several lines of evidence point toward the role of high sodium intake in reversing the suppressive effects of Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and instead promoting cellular shift toward T-helper (Th)-1 and Th17 pro-inflammatory phenotypes. These effects have been attributed to cascade of events that ultimately results in downstream activation of serum glucocorticoid kinase 1 (Sgk1). In vivo, various autoimmune animal models have confirmed the role of high sodium diet in the emergence and the exacerbation of autoimmune conditions including for instance Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis model for multiple sclerosis, MRL/lpr mouse model for lupus nephritis, collagen induced arthritis model for rheumatoid arthritis, and dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis, and TNBS-induced colitis models for Crohn's disease. Clinical epidemiological studies are scarce. High sodium intake was associated with increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis disease emergence. In multiple sclerosis, some studies suggest a relation to clinical exacerbation rates however other studies did not corroborate these results.Taken together, high dietary salt intake plays a role in the spectrum of autoimmune disease etiology. Further research is warranted to better characterize such relationship and assist in identifying individuals that would benefit from dietary salt restriction.     

Preparation,Characterization and Performance of Templated Silica Membranes in Non-Osmotic Desalination

In this work we investigate the potential of a polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol-polyethylene glycol, tri-block copolymer as a template for a hybrid carbon/silica membrane for use in the non-osmotic desalination of seawater. Silica samples were loaded with varying amounts of tri-block copolymer and calcined in a vacuum to carbonize the template and trap it within the silica matrix. The resultant xerogels were analyzed with FTIR, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and N₂ sorption techniques, wherein it was determined that template loadings of 10 and 20% produced silica networks with enhanced pore volumes and appropriately sized pores for desalination. Membranes were created via two different routes and tested with feed concentrations of 3, 10 and 35 ppk of NaCl at room temperature employing a transmembrane pressure drop of <1 atm. All membranes demonstrated a salt rejection capacity of >85% (in most cases >95%) and fluxes higher than 1.6 kg m⁻² h⁻¹. Furthermore, the carbonized templated membranes displayed equal or improved performance compared to similarly prepared non-templated silica membranes, with the best results of a flux of 3.7 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ with 98.5% salt rejection capacity, exceeding previous literature reports. In addition, the templated silica membranes exhibited superior hydrostability demonstrating their potential for long-term operation.     

Characteristics of the hypertensive patients with good and poor compliance to long-term salt restriction

Although salt restriction is very important for the management of blood pressure (BP), it is difficult to maintain low salt intake in hypertensive patients. The purpose of the present study is to investigate comparatively the characteristics of hypertensive patients with good or poor compliance to long-term salt restriction. Subjects included 248 hypertensive patients who underwent successful 24-h home urine collection for >5 times with the observation period of 9.4?years in average. When the subjects were categorized based on the mean 24-h urinary salt excretion during the observation period to the groups with good (<8?g/day) or poor (10?g/day or more) compliance to long-term salt restriction, subjects with poor compliance were more frequently to be male, younger and had higher BMI than those with good compliance. Although there were no significant differences in BP and the number of antihypertensive drugs between the subjects with good and poor compliance, the subjects with poor compliance were given more diuretics, more frequently complicated with diabetes mellitus and hyperuricemia and had higher urinary protein excretion than those with good compliance. Thus, strict nutritional intervention and the management of BP as well as the complicated cardiovascular risk are important for the patients with poor compliance to salt restriction.