连云港市1995～2005年碘缺乏病防治10年效果评价

目的全面了解连云港市碘缺乏病防治状况,评价防治效果。方法按照《全国IDD防治监测方案》和《江苏省市、县消除碘缺乏病考核评审方案》,使用PPS法抽样,在全市范围内抽取1 000多名8~10岁学生进行甲状腺肿大率调查和尿碘含量检测,以及学生家庭食用盐进行碘含量测定,并抽取五年级学生和学校附近家庭主妇进行IDD知识问卷调查。结果碘盐覆盖率从1995年的59.10%上升到2005年的92.82%,甲状腺肿大率从1995年的43.78%下降到2005年的2.02%,尿碘中位数从1995年的71.25μg/L上升到2005年的170.40μg/L。结论综合病情和各项监测指标,我市推行"全民食用加碘盐防治碘缺乏病"措施10年后,达到了消除碘缺乏病的目标。     

安顺市5年碘缺乏病监测结果分析

目的了解安顺市2000年以来碘缺乏病防治进展和现状,分析2000-2004年全市碘缺乏病监测结果。方法随机抽样法调查小学生甲状腺肿情况,测定小学生尿碘,测定盐碘。结果安顺市8～10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率2004年为14.28%,高于2000、2001、2002、2003年(P<0.05)。居民碘盐食用率2004年为94.04%,加碘合格率为94.20%,高于前4年(P<0.01)。5年监测儿童尿碘中位数在219.08～384.34μg/L。结论现行碘盐基本适合安顺市人群,但8～10岁学生甲状腺肿大率仍处于较高水平。     

Rapid increase of bile salt secretion is associated with bile duct injury after human liver transplantation

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Biliary strictures are a serious cause of morbidity after liver transplantation. We have studied the role of altered bile composition as a mechanism of bile duct injury after human liver transplantation. METHODS: In 28 liver transplant recipients, bile samples were collected daily posttransplantation for determination of bile composition. Hepatic expression of bile transporters was studied before and after transplantation. Histopathological criteria as well as biliary concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) were used to quantify bile duct injury. RESULTS: Early after transplantation, bile salt secretion increased more rapidly than phospholipid secretion, resulting in high biliary bile salt/phospholipid ratio (BA/PL). In parallel with this, mRNA levels of the bile salt transporters NTCP and BSEP increased significantly after transplantation, whereas phospholipid translocator MDR3 mRNA levels remained unchanged. Bile duct injury correlated significantly with bile salt secretion and was associated with a high biliary BA/PL ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Bile salt secretion after human liver transplantation recovers more rapidly than phospholipid secretion. This results in cytotoxic bile formation and correlates with bile duct injury. These findings suggest that endogenous bile salts have a role in the pathogenesis of bile duct injury after liver transplantation.     

青岛泊子盐场放线菌多样性及其功能酶的筛选--测试文章

采用平板涂布法利用3种培养基从青岛即墨市田横镇泊子盐场盐池底泥样中共分离纯化出15株放线菌,对分离菌株进行16S rRNA基因测序分析。发现这15株放线菌分属于链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、拟诺卡氏菌属(Nocardiopsis)和1个新属,其中Streptomyces属为优势菌属;菌株CXB832与Nocardiopsis arabia DSM 45083^T和Haloactinospora albus DSM 45015^T最接近,同源性分别为95.4%和94.9%,根据其表型和分子特征可以初步判定该菌株为放线菌新属。培养基及培养温度对盐池环境中放线菌的分离效果均有影响,利用淀粉酪素培养基在37℃分离的放线菌种类和数量较多。在15株放线菌中,分别有12株、3株、2株和1株放线菌产淀粉酶、酯酶、蛋白酶和纤维素酶。     

Salt intake causes B-type natriuretic peptide elevation independently of blood pressure elevation in the general population without hypertension and heart disease

Excessive salt intake causes hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is synthesized and released from the ventricle, and is a surrogate marker reflecting various CVDs. Moreover, when a slight BNP elevation is shown, it leads to a poor prognosis in the general population. However, the relationship between salt intake and BNP levels in the general population remains unclear, especially in those without hypertension and heart diseases.In this study, we recruited 1404 participants without hypertension and electrocardiogram abnormalities, who received regular annual health check-ups in Japan. Plasma BNP levels were measured, and daily salt intake levels were evaluated using urinary samples. In addition, some clinical parameters were obtained, and the data were cross-sectionally analyzed.The median of plasma BNP levels was 10.50 pg/mL, and daily salt intake was 8.50 ± 1.85 g. When dividing participants into quartiles according to daily salt intake, those with the highest daily salt intake revealed the highest plasma BNP levels. Plasma BNP levels were significantly and positively associated with daily salt intake. Moreover, multiple linear regression analyses revealed that plasma BNP levels showed a significant positive association with daily salt intake levels after adjustments.Plasma BNP levels were significantly and positively associated with daily salt intake after adjustment in the general population. Plasma BNP levels may be a surrogate marker reflecting salt-induced heart diseases.     

盐炒杜仲和杜仲炭的药理对比实验研究

目的:观察盐炒杜仲和杜仲炭对小鼠单核-巨噬细胞、血压、中枢镇静作用的影响,以区别两种炮制品药理作用,为临床应用作为参考。方法:选取100只小鼠随机分为空白对照组、2.0g·kg-1盐炒杜仲醇煎液组、8.0 g·kg-1盐炒杜仲醇煎液组、2.0g·kg-1杜仲炭醇煎液组、8.0 g·kg-1杜仲炭醇煎液组,观察不同剂量的盐炒杜仲和杜仲炭对小鼠单核-巨噬细胞的影响。选取100只小鼠随机分为空白对照组、3.0 g·kg-1盐炒杜仲醇煎液组、9.0 g·kg-1盐炒杜仲醇煎液组、3.0 g·kg-1杜仲炭醇煎液组、9.0 g·kg-1杜仲炭醇煎液组,观察不同剂量的盐炒杜仲和杜仲炭对小鼠血压的影响。选取100只小鼠随机分为空白对照组、5.0g·kg-1盐炒杜仲醇煎液组、10.0 g·kg-1盐炒杜仲醇煎液组、5.0 g·kg-1杜仲炭醇煎液组、10.0 g·kg-1杜仲炭醇煎液组,观察不同剂量的盐炒杜仲和杜仲炭对小鼠中枢镇静作用的影响。结果:与空白对照组比较,高剂量的盐炒杜仲醇煎液组和杜仲炭醇煎液组均显著升高(P<0.05),但杜仲炭醇煎液组的免疫效果更加明显。与空白对照组比较,高剂量的盐炒杜仲醇煎液组和杜仲炭醇煎液组均显著降低小鼠的收缩压和舒张压(P<0.05),但杜仲炭醇煎液组降压效果更加明显。与空白对照组比较,高剂量的盐炒杜仲醇煎液组和杜仲炭醇煎液组均显著促进小鼠睡眠(P<0.05),但杜仲炭醇煎液组镇静效果更加显著。结论:盐炒杜仲和杜仲炭均具有较好的免疫作用、较强的降血压作用和中枢镇静作用,但杜仲炭的药理活性更强。文献引用:李轩.盐炒杜仲和杜仲炭的药理对比实验研究[J].中医学报,2015,30(2):238-240.     

Dietary Salt Intake and Discretionary Salt Use in Two General Population Samples in Australia: 2011 and 2014

The limited Australian measures to reduce population sodium intake through national initiatives targeting sodium in the food supply have not been evaluated. The aim was, thus, to assess if there has been a change in salt intake and discretionary salt use between 2011 and 2014 in the state of Victoria, Australia. Adults drawn from a population sample provided 24 h urine collections and reported discretionary salt use in 2011 and 2014. The final sample included 307 subjects who participated in both surveys, 291 who participated in 2011 only, and 135 subjects who participated in 2014 only. Analysis included adjustment for age, gender, metropolitan area, weekend collection and participation in both surveys, where appropriate. In 2011, 598 participants: 53% female, age 57.1(12.0)(SD) years and in 2014, 442 participants: 53% female, age 61.2(10.7) years provided valid urine collections, with no difference in the mean urinary salt excretion between 2011: 7.9 (7.6, 8.2) (95% CI) g/salt/day and 2014: 7.8 (7.5, 8.1) g/salt/day (p = 0.589), and no difference in discretionary salt use: 35% (2011) and 36% (2014) reported adding salt sometimes or often/always at the table (p = 0.76). Those that sometimes or often/always added salt at the table and when cooking had 0.7 (0.7, 0.8) g/salt/day (p = 0.0016) higher salt excretion. There is no indication over this 3-year period that national salt reduction initiatives targeting the food supply have resulted in a population reduction in salt intake. More concerted efforts are required to reduce the salt content of manufactured foods, together with a consumer education campaign targeting the use of discretionary salt.     

2012-2014年麻城市居民碘盐及饮用水中碘含量监测结果分析

目的了解麻城市居民食用碘盐质量状况,为制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法根据《全国碘缺乏病监测方案》随机采取居民户盐样,2012—2014年共采集盐样900份,实验室依据《GB/T 13025.7-1999》直接滴定法进行定量检测。对居民饮用水水碘进行普查。结果 2012—2014年共检测麻城市居民户食用碘盐样品900份,其中非碘盐6份,不合格碘盐37份,碘盐覆盖率、碘盐合格率、合格碘盐食用率为99.33%、95.86%、95.22%。市场销售碘盐执行新的标准后,2014年盐碘中位数为24.19 mg/kg,3年中2014年度合格碘盐食用率相对较低(χ2=12.64,P0.05),无碘盐在个别乡镇检出。居民饮用水水中碘含量为0.1~69.71μg/L。结论麻城市居民碘盐覆盖率、合格碘盐食用率、碘盐合格率继续保持在消除碘缺乏病标准,建议应加强居民碘营养监测,对重点人群开展个性化的碘营养指导。     

高碘地区防治监测指标优化研究

目的了解高碘地区停供碘盐状况及对重点人群碘营养的影响,为制定高碘监测方案提供依据。方法每个县的高碘地区分布及食盐供应情况,将其分为单纯高碘、高碘和非高碘共存即“混杂地区”、全部停供碘盐、碘盐和无碘盐共存4种地区类型,分别进行分层抽样监测。每个层次均按东、西、南、北、中随机抽取9个乡镇,每个乡镇随机抽取4个村。每个村抽取8户居民半定量检测食盐样,同时抽取其中4户各采1名家庭妇女随意尿样检测尿碘。不足9个乡镇的层次,每个村抽取15户居民盐样。不足5个乡镇的全部监测。每类地区各选择1所乡镇小学和1所农村小学,整群抽取100名儿童检查甲状腺,检测随意尿样尿碘,由本人检测自带家中食盐。结果调查了3个县市的31个乡镇的121个村。高碘地区19个乡镇,非高碘地区12个乡镇。共检测居民户食盐1354份,碘盐率45.6%,无碘盐率54.4%。高碘地区碘盐率32.6%,无碘盐率67.4%;非高碘地区碘盐率70.1%,非碘盐率29.9%。检测妇女和儿童尿样1660份,尿碘（UI）水平（474.7±391.5）μg/L,尿碘中位数（MUI）354.7μg/L。妇女MUI为449.3μg/L,UI〈100μg/L的样本比例占5.6%、100～300μg/L的占30.0%、〉300μg/L的占64.4%;儿童MUI为321.44μg/L,UI〈100μg/L的样本比例占6.0%、100～300μg/L的占39.8%、〉300μg/L的占54.2%。妇女与儿童的MUI差异有统计学意义。高碘地区MUI为409.1μg/L,非高碘地区MUI为305.2μg/L,二者差异有统计学意义。3个县市甲状腺肿大率分别为2.2%、11.5%和3.0%。结论无碘盐率体现干预效果,尿碘反映碘营养水平,建议高碘地区以居民户食盐和妇女尿碘为主要监测指标,并实行分层抽样监测。