碘125粒子组织间植入治疗癌性疼痛的疗效与安全性

目的:探讨碘125粒子组织间植入治疗肿瘤患者癌性疼痛的临床效果与不良反应.方法:将200例中晚期恶性肿瘤癌痛患者随机分作观察组与对照组,观察组予以碘125粒子组织间植入治疗,对照组予以药物治疗,观察与比较两组患者疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、疼痛缓解率、平均镇痛时间及不良反应.结果:治疗后观察组与对照组VAS评分均明显减少,治疗后1d两组VAS无统计学差异(P＞0.05),治疗后7、30 d观察组VAS显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组疼痛缓解率(88.0％)明显高于对照组(64.0％),有统计学差异(x2=5.908,P＜0.05);治疗后观察组平均疼痛时间显著较对照组短(￡=7.342,P＜0.05);观察组不良反应发生率(3.0％)明显低于对照组(11.0％).结论:碘125粒子组织间植入治疗癌性疼痛的效果确切,具有迅速与持久的镇痛效果,不良反应少,值得临床借鉴.     

中西医结合治疗烧烫伤临床研究

目的：探讨中西医结合法治疗烧烫伤的临床疗效。方法：选取100例Ⅱ度和Ⅲ度烧烫伤患者,随机分为对照组50例、治疗组50例,对照组运用常规法处理,治疗组在对照组基础上予以中药烧伤2号酊做内敷料,外用棉垫包扎。观察两组患者临床疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果：治疗组有效率为96％,平均显效病程为4．1 d;对照组有效率为60％,平均显效病程为7．8 d,两组有效率及平均显效病程比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论：中西医结合法治疗烧烫伤具有良好的临床效果。文献引用：唐政．中西医结合治疗烧烫伤临床研究[J]．中医学报,2015,30（5）：668－669．     

Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Thyroid Cancer

Background

Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system, representing 3.8% of all new cancer cases in the United States and is the ninth most common cancer overall. The American Cancer Society estimates that 62,450 people in the United States will be diagnosed with thyroid cancer in 2015, and 1950 deaths will result from the disease.

Objective

To review the current approach to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with thyroid cancer.

Discussion

Over the past 3 decades, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of people diagnosed with thyroid cancer, which may be attributable to the wide use of imaging studies, including ultrasounds, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography scans that incidentally detect thyroid nodules. Thyroid cancer is divided into several main types, with papillary thyroid cancer being the most common. The treatment options for patients with thyroid cancer include the surgical removal of the entire thyroid gland (total thyroidectomy), radioactive iodine therapy, and molecular-targeted therapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This article summarizes the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer, with recommendations from the American Thyroid Association regarding thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Recently approved drugs and treatment trends are also explored.

Conclusion

The prognosis and treatment of thyroid cancer depend on the tumor type and its stage at the time of diagnosis. Many thyroid cancers remain stable, microscopic, and indolent. The increasing treatment options for patients with thyroid cancer, including therapies that were recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, have kept the mortality rate from this malignancy low, despite the increase in its incidence. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can improve prognosis and reduce mortality.     

纳米硒与亚硒酸钠在高碘致小鼠氧化损伤中的干预作用

[目的]研究比较纳米硒和亚硒酸钠对高碘致小鼠部分组织氧化损伤的干预作用。[方法]将48只雄性昆明小鼠被随机分为适碘组[50μg/L碘酸钾(KIO3)]、高碘组(3 000μg/L KIO3)、亚硒酸钠组(3 000μg/L KIO3+0.193 mg/kg硒)、纳米硒组(3 000μg/L KIO3+0.193 mg/kg硒),每组12只。4周后处死小鼠,测定血清、肝脏、肾脏组织的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力、以及丙二醛(MDA)水平。观察甲状腺病理变化。[结果]与适碘组相比,高碘组血清、肝脏和肾脏中GSH-Px活力均明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肝脏中MDA含量下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肝脏和肾脏脏器系数均增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与高碘组相比,亚硒酸钠组血清和肝脏中GSH-Px活力均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肾脏中MDA含量增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肝脏脏器系数下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血清和肝脏中MDA含量均下降。纳米硒组血清、肝脏和肾脏中GSH-Px活力均明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血清和肝脏中MDA含量均明显下降,在肾脏中增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肾脏脏器系数下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高碘组甲状腺组织出现弥漫胶质性甲状腺肿。[结论]高碘摄入可致小鼠氧化性损伤,补硒有一定干预作用,纳米硒的干预效果优于亚硒酸钠。     

广州市孕妇碘营养状况研究

目的　了解广州市孕妇 (孕中、晚期 )碘营养状况。方法　用砷 -铈接触法测定尿碘 ,用放射免疫分析法 (RIA )测定血清甲状腺素 (T4 )、促甲状腺激素 (TSH )。结果　孕妇孕中期尿碘中位数为 2 4 9.3μg/ L ,<10 0μg/ L者占 4 .5 % ;孕晚期尿碘中位数为 2 4 1.2μg/ L ,<10 0μg/ L者占 12 .5 % ,两期尿碘值差异无显著意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。孕中期血清 T4 (15 7.0± 6 6 .4 ) nmol/ L ,在正常范围 (5 4～ 174 nm ol/ L )者占 5 8.2 % ,超过 174 nmol/ L者占38.8% ;孕晚期血清 T4 (12 4 .4± 5 9.4 ) nm ol/ L ,在正常范围者占 78.3% ,超过 174 nmol/ L者占 13.0 %。孕中期血清 TSH (中位数 3.9m U / L ) <5 m U / L者占 6 5 .7% ,>5 m U / L者占 34.3% ;孕晚期血清 TSH (中位数 6 .9m U / L ) <5 m U/ L者占 18.2 % ,>5 m U / L者占 81.8%。两期自身对照 TSH>5 m U / L与 <5 m U / L人数构成差异有非常显著意义 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　广州市孕妇碘营养状况良好 ;孕晚期血清 TSH>5 m U / L者 (81.8% )较多 ,与尿碘、T4 水平不一致 ,有待进一步研究     

口服不同剂量的碘化油微囊防治地方性甲状腺肿的疗效及有效期观察

本文报告1990～1991年在缺碘性疾病流行区新疆托克逊县观察了一次性口服不同剂量(400、300和200mg)碘化油微囊的防治疗效及尿碘排泄。结果表明,在服药后半年和1年甲状腺肿患病率在不同剂量组均有不同程度的下降,治愈率均有不同程度的提高,但与对照组比较无论患病率还是治愈率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。不同剂量组之间服药后1月内尿碘排泄有随剂量增大相应增高的趋势(P<0.01),但至第三个月时无论是不同剂量组之间还是与对照组之间均未见显著差异(P>0.05)。从而提示,口服碘化油微囊能否作为防治缺碘性疾病的长效补碘方法,很值得商榷。     

长江下游丘陵地区环境碘来源调查

目的 调查长江下游丘陵地区环境碘来源.方法 对0～岁、6～岁、12～岁及成人、妊娠、哺乳妇女在同一时点同时测定其每天食盐食用量、食盐碘含量和尿碘排泄量.结果 0～岁、6～岁、12～岁及成人、妊娠、哺乳妇女环境碘来源分别为79.4μg/d,123.5μg/d,283.5μg/d和151.0μg/d,其平均水平为117.0μg/d.结论 环境碘来源是调整食盐加碘量的基础.     

Reverse Iodine Transfer Polymerization (RITP) of 1,1,2,2‐Tetrahydroperfluorodecyl Acrylate in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Reverse iodine transfer polymerization (RITP) of 1,1,2,2‐tetrahydroperfluorodecyl acrylate (FDA) is successfully performed in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) at 70 °C under a CO₂ pressure of 300 bar. PolyFDA (PFDA) of increasing molecular weights (from 10 000 to 100 000 g mol^?1) is synthesized with good agreement between theoretical, ¹H NMR spectroscopy and and size exclusion chromatography/refractive index/right‐angle laser‐light scattering/differential viscometer (SEC/RI/RALLS/DV)‐estimated molecular weights (). Furthermore, the increase of goes with a decrease of the dispersity of the polymers (? from 2.06 to 1.33), which is consistent with a controlled radical polymerization (CRP). Lastly, the structure of final PFDA and therefore the RITP process are confirmed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) analyses.

     

食盐加碘对轻度缺碘地区甲状腺功能亢进症患者住院率的影响

目的 了解常州市区全民食盐加碘(USI)后甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)患者住院率的变化情况。方法 采用回顾性调查方法收集常州市区医院1992—1999年甲亢患者住院情况，计算住院率并进行比较。结果 甲亢患者年住院率在实行USI策略后，呈现逐年上升趋势。结论 甲亢患者住院率的升高可能与全民食盐加碘有关，2000年食盐加碘策略的调整是及时、正确的，应进一步对2000年以后的甲亢患者住院情况进行调查。     

The effect of pharmacological PI3Kγ inhibitor on eotaxin-induced human eosinophil functions

BackgroundAsthma is characterized by chronic inflammation caused by activation of immune cells including Th2 lymphocytes and eosinophils. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) γ deficient asthmatic mice did not develop lung eosinophilia, although the detailed mechanisms are not well known. A CC chemokine eotaxin (CCL11) plays a prominent role in developing eosinophilic inflammation through CCR3. In this study, we tested the roles of PI3Kγ in eotaxin-induced eosinophil functions using a pharmacological inhibitor.MethodHuman peripheral blood eosinophils were isolated by CD16-negative selection method. The effect of AS605240, synthetic PI3Kγ inhibitor on eotaxin-induced adhesion, chemotaxis, and degranulation were studied using intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)-coated plates, Boyden chamber system, ELISA for eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) levels in the culture supernatant, respectively. CCR3 expression levels and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation were assessed by flowcytometry. Involvement of PI3Kγ in spontaneous apoptosis was studied using flowcytometry.ResultsAlthough AS605240 did not affect the eosinophil spontaneous apoptosis, eotaxin-induced chemotaxis, adhesion to ICAM-1 coated plate, and EDN release were inhibited by AS605240. AS605240 also inhibited the eotaxin-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation without down-regulation of surface CCR3 expression.ConclusionThese results indicate that PI3Kγ inhibitor attenuates eotaxin-induced eosinophil functions by suppressing the downstream signaling of CCR3 without significant cytotoxicity. PI3Kγ plays an important role in the development of eosinophilic inflammation and blockade of PI3Kγ might be a therapeutic strategy for treatment of eosinophil-related diseases including asthma.