Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment of Recurrent Miscarriage： an Update of Placebo-controlled Trials

Recurrentmiscarriage (RM) isdefined as three ormoreconsecutivemiscarriagesand affects 0 .5～ 1 .0 % of all women.In less than 1 0 % of the couples a parentalchromosome abnormality ora significantuterine abnormality can be demonstrated ascauses.Some cases …     

Iron-mobilizing properties of the gadolinium-DTPA complex: clinical and experimental observations.

BACKGROUND: Gadolinium (Gd) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents are considered to be safe in patients with impaired renal function. Our study investigates a mechanism of severe iron intoxication with life-threatening serum iron levels in a haemodialysis patient following MRI with Gd-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) administration. His previous history was remarkable for multiple blood transfusions and biochemical evidence of iron overload. We hypothesized that Gd-DTPA may have an iron-mobilizing effect in specific conditions of iron overload combined with prolonged exposure to the agent. METHODS: For the in vitro study, Gd-DTPA was added to mice liver homogenate and iron metabolism parameters were measured after incubation in comparison with the same samples incubated with saline only. For the in vivo study, an experimental model of acute renal failure in iron-overloaded rats was designed. Previously iron-overloaded and normally fed rats underwent bilateral nephrectomy by renal pedicle ligation, followed by Gd-DTPA or saline injection. Iron and iron saturation levels were checked before and 24 h after Gd-DTPA or vehicle administration. RESULTS: Significant mobilization of iron from mice liver tissue homogenate in mixtures with Gd in vitro was seen in the control (saline) and in the experimental (Gd) groups (513+/-99.1 vs 1117.8+/-360.8 microg/dl, respectively; P<0.05). Administration of Gd-DTPA to iron-overloaded rats after renal pedicle ligation caused marked elevation of serum iron from baseline 143+/-3.4 to 570+/-8 microg/dl (P<0.0001). There were no changes of the named parameter, either in iron-overloaded anuric rats after saline injection or in normal diet uraemic animals, following Gd-DTPA administration. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of iron overload and lack of adequate clearance of Gd chelates may cause massive liberation of iron with dangerous elevation of free serum iron. It is highly recommended that after Gd contrast study, end-stage renal disease patients with probable iron overload should undergo prompt and intensive haemodialysis for prevention of this serious complication.     

腹部手术后患者静脉输注丁丙诺啡镇痛的可行性

目的 评价腹部手术后患者静脉输注丁丙诺啡镇痛的可行性.方法 采用多中心、随机、开放、平行、阳性药物对照进行研究,择期全身麻醉下行腹部手术患者200例,年龄18～64岁,ASAⅠ级或Ⅱ级,性别不限,体重50～100 kg,随机分为丁丙诺啡组(B组)和芬太尼组(F组),每组100例.2组术后分别静脉输注丁丙诺啡0.3 μg·kg-1·h-1、芬太尼0.3 μg·kg-1·h-1.采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS评分)评价术后6、12、24、36和48 h的疼痛程度,于各时点行镇静评分及Prince-Henry评分,监测心率、呼吸频率(RR)和脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2),记录不良反应的发生情况.结果 与F组比较,B组各时点VAS评分、镇静评分和Prince-Henry评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),恶心发生率较低(P＜0.05);两组各时点RR和SpO2差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 静脉输注丁丙喏啡0.3 μg·kg-1·h-1可有效缓解腹部手术后患者疼痛,且不良反应少.     

Correlation between soluble transferrin receptor and serum ferritin levels following bone marrow transplantation for thalassemia

Abstract: This study analyzes the serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) levels in a series of 230 ex-thalassemics with a follow-up of 1 to 9 years after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for homozygous β thalassemia. Ex-thalassemics are individuals, cured of homozygous β thalassemia by BMT, who maintain different degrees of iron overload acquired during the pretransplant period. Both in experimental and clinical conditions, sTfR concentrations have been shown to be a quantitative measure of body iron status. This study was carried out to assess whether the level of sTfR may be of help in determining the extent of iron overload in ex-thalassemics. Patients who received the marrow from their HLA-identical sibling donor heterozygous for β thalassemia, namely heterozygous ex-thalassemics, displayed significantly higher levels of sTfR than patients transplanted from their normal sibling donors (normal ex-thalassemics). This finding suggests that increased erythropoiesis, albeit in part ineffective in heterozygous ex-thalassemics, is responsible for the sTfR increment. Both heterozygous and normal ex-thalassemics had significant lower sTfR levels than their heterozygous (p < 0.003) or normal (p < 0.0001) donors, respectively. These differences may be ascribed to the presence of iron overload in ex-thalassemics in comparison to their normal or heterozygous donors who did not present excess of iron in the body. A significant inverse correlation between sTfR and serum ferritin levels (r = –0.54, p < 0.0001) was found when normal ex-thalassemics were considered. In heterozygous ex-thalassemics, the lack of correlation between these two parameters may be explained by the enhanced erythropoietic activity of individuals with thalassemic trait. These results suggest that the level of sTfR may be a useful indicator of iron overload in normal ex-thalassemics.     

Middle-ear pressure variations during total intravenous anesthesia with propofol, fentanyl, and ketamine

Purpose As the middle-ear cavity is one of the noncompliant gas-filled cavities, an increase in middle-ear pressure (MEP) instead of volume expansion is observed with inhalation of nitrous oxide (N₂O). Changes in MEP cause many complications, such as ear pain, temporary hearing impairment, and postoperative emesis. Therefore, we investigated changes in MEP during total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol, fentanyl, and ketamine (PFK) and inhalation of N₂O. Methods Twelve patients were anesthetized with PFK until 60 min after the induction of anesthesia, and then N₂O (60%) inhalation was started. MEP was measured by impedance audiometry (ranging from −300 daPa to +200 daPa) at 10-min intervals during PFK, and at 2-min intervals after the inhalation of N₂O. Results MEP gradually but significantly increased from the preanesthetic value of 16±8 to 34±12 (SEM) daPa 50 min after the induction of PFK. However, MEP did not exceed the normal limit. The values of MEP in all patients were more than 200 daPa within 36 min after the start of inhalation of N₂O in oxygen. Conclusion PFK had a minimal effect on MEP, whereas addition of N₂O to PFK increased MEP dramatically. Therefore, TIVA, or at least PFK, would be a better choice for patients with middle-ear or upper-airway diseases.     

Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral bolus doses of L-carnitine in healthy subjects

Summary The pharmacokinetics of single intravenous and oral doses of L-carnitine 2 g and 6 g has been investigated in 6 healthy subjects on a low carnitine diet.Carnitine was more rapidly eliminated from plasma after the higher dose. Comparing the 2-g and 6-g doses, the t_1/2 of the elimination phase () was 6.5 h vs 3.9 h, the elimination constant was 0.40 vs 0.50 h^–1 and the plasma carnitine clearance was 5.4 vs 6.11 × h^–1 (p<0.025), thus showing dose-related elimination.Saturable kinetics was not found in the range of doses given. The apparent volumes of distribution after the two doses were not significantly different and they were of the same order as the total body water. Urinary recoveries after the 2-g and 6-g doses were 70% and 82% during the first 24 h, respectively.Following the two oral dosing, there was no significant difference in AUCs of plasma carnitine. Urinary recoveries were 8% and 4% for the 2-g and 6-g doses during the first 24 h. The oral bioavailability of the 2-g dose was 16% and of the 6 h dose 5%. The results suggest that the mucosal absorption of carnitine is already saturated at the 2-g dose.     

川崎病患儿丙种球蛋白耐药列线图模型的构建与验证

目的 基于Lasso回归和列线图构建并验证川崎病患儿对丙种球蛋白耐药的预测模型,以期为临床诊疗提供帮助。方法 回顾性收集2014年7月—2020年7月西南医科大学附属医院收治的474例川崎病患儿的临床资料,采用Lasso回归分析筛选重要的临床因素构建Nomogram模型,通过绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线、Calibration校准曲线及DCA曲线验证模型的区分度、校准度及临床有效性。结果 共纳入474例患儿资料,其中339例作为训练集,135例作为验证集。Lasso回归分析显示,心脏表现、心外并发症、首剂静脉注射免疫球蛋白使用时间、中性粒细胞比例、红细胞分布宽度-标准差、血小板压积、白蛋白、系统性免疫-炎症指数及C反应蛋白/白蛋白是川崎病患儿丙种球蛋白耐药的预测因素。基于上述预测因素构建Nomogram模型,并分别在训练集与验证集人群中进行验证。训练集ROC曲线下面积（AUC）为0.784(95%CI:0.701,0.867),当最佳阈值取0.045时,相应的特异性和敏感性分别为0.490(95%CI:0.434,0.546)和0.935(95%CI:0.849,1.000);验证...     

Anaesthetic experience with paediatric interventional cardiology

Anaesthetic and sedation techniques, complications and outcomes were reviewed in 176 children undergoing 184 interventional cardiologic procedures. Techniques included sedation only, and ketamine, inhalational or narcotic anaesthesia. Ketamine infusion was the technique most frequently used. Ketamine was associated with a higher incidence of respiratory complications (P < 0.05) than the other techniques. The higher incidence of hypercarbia (15.6 per cent), which did not affect outcome, may be attributable to the use of supplemental sedatives. The incidence of upper airway obstruction (7.8 per cent) was similar to that of previous studies. Vascular compromise resulted from the procedure in 33 patients, necessitating surgical correction in 16. Cardiac perforation occurred in four cases, causing one death. Pulmonary valve stenosis was most amenable to balloon dilatation and aortic valve stenosis least amenable. Ketamine was the anaesthetic agent preferred by cardiologists for use in the catheterisation suite when general anaesthesia was required. Vigilant monitoring by anaesthetic staff is necessary during the procedure, and avoidance of concomitant narcotics is recommended if a ketamine technique with spontaneous ventilation is used. Les techniques anesthésiques et de sédation ainsi que les complications et les issues ont été revues chez 176 enfants subissant 184 procedures cardiaques. Les techniques ont inctu soil la sédation seulement, soit l’anesthésie à la kétamine, aux agents d’inhalation ou aux narcotiques. La perfusion de kétamine était la technique la plus fréquemment utilisée. La ketamine était associée à une plus grande incidence de complication respiratoire (P < 0.05) comparativement aux autres techniques. La plus grande incidence d’hypercarbie (15.6 pour cent), n’ayant pas affecté l’issue, pourrait être attribuée à l’utilisation additionnelle de sédatifs. L’incidence d’obstruction des voies aériennes supérieures (7.8 pour cent) était similaire aux études préalables. Un problème vasculaire suite à la procédure fut observé chez 33 patients dont 16 ont requis une correction chirurgicale. Une perforation cardiaque est survenue dans quatre cas provoquant le décès d’un seul patient. La sténose de la valve pulmonaire était la procédure la plus susceptible d’être dilatée et la sténose de la valve aortique la moins susceptible. La kétamine était l’agent anesthésique préféré par les cardiologistes lors des cathétérisations quand une anesthésie générate était requise. Une surveillance vigilante par une équipe anesthésique fut nécessaire durant la procedure. Il faut aussi éviter l’administration de narcotiques si la kétamine est administrée en respiration spontanée.

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Presented in part at the Canadian Anaesthetists’ Society annual meeting in Halifax, June 1988.