In vivo detection of single cells by MRI.

The use of high-relaxivity, intracellular contrast agents has enabled MRI monitoring of cell migration through and homing to various tissues, such as brain, spinal cord, heart, and muscle. Here it is shown that MRI can detect single cells in vivo, homing to tissue, following cell labeling and transplantation. Primary mouse hepatocytes were double-labeled with green fluorescent 1.63-microm iron oxide particles and red fluorescent endosomal labeling dye, and injected into the spleens of recipient mice. This is a common hepatocyte transplantation paradigm in rodents whereby hepatocytes migrate from the spleen to the liver as single cells. One month later the animals underwent in vivo MRI and punctuated, dark contrast regions were detected scattered through the livers. MRI of perfused, fixed samples and labeled hepatocyte phantoms in combination with histological evaluation confirmed the presence of dispersed single hepatocytes grafted into the livers. Appropriate controls were used to determine whether the observed contrast could have been due to dead cells or free particles, and the results confirmed that the contrast was due to disperse, single cells. Detecting single cells in vivo opens the door to a number of experiments, such as monitoring rare cellular events, assessing the kinetics of stem cell homing, and achieving early detection of metastases.     

与铁稳态有关的生物分子

根据近几年来发表的与铁稳态有关的生物分子的研究文献 ,将这些生物分子根据其与铁的吸收、转运、储存以及对铁稳态的监控调节等方面的关系 ,对这些生物分子进行了分类。特别是对细胞膜载体、运铁蛋白受体、铁调蛋白及铁反应元件等作了较为详细地论述     

舒芬太尼复合异丙酚麻醉下体外循环冠脉搭桥术患者双频谱指数与熵指数的关系

目的评价非肌松、深麻醉状态下,双频谱指数(BIS)反映麻醉深度的准确性。方法选择ASAⅢ级的冠脉搭桥术患者59例,麻醉诱导:静脉注射异丙酚2 mg／kg、舒芬太尼1μg／kg、罗库溴铵0．6 mg／kg,术中麻醉维持采用静脉持续输注异丙酚3-4 mg·kg-1·h-1、舒芬太尼1μg·kg-1·h-1。于麻醉诱导前、麻醉诱导开始后1、2、3、4 min、气管插管后即刻、气管插管后1 min、切皮后即刻和劈胸骨后即刻记录BIS、状态熵(SE)和反映熵(RE)。结果与麻醉诱导前相比,麻醉诱导开始后1、2、3、4 min和气管插管后即刻、气管插管后1 min、切皮后即刻及劈胸骨后即刻BIS、SE和RE均下降(P<0．05)。与SE相比,RE在各观察点均升高(P<0．01)。麻醉诱导期间BIS与SE和RE各时间点观察值之间呈明显正相关,r分别为0．898、0．908(P<0．01)。结论在非肌松、深麻醉状态下,BIS对舒芬太尼复合异丙酚静脉麻醉深度的监测不受肌电活动的影响。     

贺斯预防骨水泥所致低血压的临床探讨

目的:观察6%贺斯预防骨水泥所致低血压的效果。方法:30例人工股骨头置换病人随机分为两组:Ⅰ组为6%贺斯组(n=15);Ⅱ组为平衡盐组(n=15)。在填充骨水泥前分别输入6%贺斯及平衡盐500ml,分别测定入室(基础)、填充骨水泥前1min收缩压、填充骨水泥后5min最低收缩压,并观察心率变化。结果:Ⅰ组用骨水泥后最低收缩压明显高于Ⅱ组(P<0.01)。I组低血压发生率仅为13.3%,而Ⅱ组为60%。结论:在填充骨水泥前输注胶体能有效预防骨水泥所致的低血压。     

Intravenous drug abuse and Type 1 diabetes: financial and healthcare implications.

AIMS: To determine the morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs of intravenous drug-abusing patients with Type 1 diabetes (IVDA-DM), who are admitted to hospital. METHODS: Retrospective case note analysis of admissions, complications and cost estimation over a 6-year period. Each drug-abusing patient (IVDA-DM) (n = 9) was compared with two controls (n = 18) with Type 1 diabetes but without a history of intravenous drug abuse (DM-controls). Admissions were also analysed for patients with intravenous drug abuse, but without Type 1 diabetes (IVDA-controls) (n = 198). Admissions were at a University teaching hospital in Liverpool, UK. DM-controls were drawn from a population attending diabetes outpatient clinics between 1997 and 2002 at the same hospital. The main outcome measures were: the duration and healthcare costs of hospital admissions per year, outpatient attendances per year, glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)), weight, micro- and macrovascular complications and mortality. RESULTS: Multiple admissions, mainly related to ketoacidosis, led to marked differences in mean (95% CI) inpatient days per year per patient [IVDA-DM 28.1 (13.6-42.7) vs. DM-control 1.1 (0.2-1.9); P < 0.0001], mean inpatient days per year per patient in critical care bed (IVDA-DM 1.7 (-0.7-4.2) vs. DM-control 0; P < 0.02) and mean costs of admission, per patient per year (pound sterling 7320 vs. pound sterling 230). The IVDA-DM group frequently omitted insulin, were underweight, failed to attend as outpatients and five had died by the end of 2002. The IVDA-controls spent considerably less time in hospital [3.4 (2.8-3.9) days per patient per year]. CONCLUSION: IVDA-DM patients have higher rates of diabetes complications, are admitted more frequently and have a high mortality compared with DM and IVDA-controls. The cost of inpatient care of this small group of patients was considerable.     

听觉诱发电位指数指导全凭静脉麻醉期间病人输注异丙酚的效果

目的探讨听觉诱发电位指数(AAI)指导全凭静脉麻醉期间病人输注异丙酚的效果。方法择期全麻下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术病人60例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为2组(n=30):试验组(Ⅰ组)和对照组(Ⅱ组)。静脉诱导气管插管后,持续输注0．2μg·kg-1·min-1瑞芬太尼以维持合适的麻醉深度。Ⅰ组通过监测AAI调节异丙酚输注速率,使AAI维持在30以下,Ⅱ组根据病人血压及心率调节异丙酚输注速率,每5分钟增减0．01 mg·kg-1·min-1异丙酚。记录气腹前(T1)、气腹后(T2)、分离胆囊(T3)、腹腔冲洗(T4)、手术结束(T5)时2组的血压、心率、AAI和输注异丙酚的速率,同时记录2组异丙酚、维库溴铵、瑞芬太尼用量、术毕睁眼时间、应答时间和拔管时间。结果2组各时间点AAI差异有统计学意义(P<0．05),与Ⅱ组相比,Ⅰ组输注异丙酚速率以及总用量减少(P<0．05)。术后24 h随访病人均无术中知晓。结论AAI指导全凭静脉麻醉输注异丙酚用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术病人,可较好的控制麻醉深度,指导合理用药,避免病人术中知晓。     

超细α-FeOOH制备过程研究 Ⅰ.制备工艺

以制备晶形、粒度、轴比等满足高性能磁粉要求的铁黄为目标,研究了碱法超细α-FeOOH合成的工艺配方和工艺条件对粒子性能的影响,包括碱比、气量、转速、Fe(OH)_2结晶条件、熟化时间等工艺参数的影响规律。重复稳定地制备出三类超微粒α-FeOOH粒子,其粒度分别为0.18、0.28、0.39μm,分布均匀,无枝叉。     

NaFeEDTA预防大鼠铅中毒的研究及其对锌、铜的影响

为探讨乙二胺四乙酸铁钠 (NaFeEDTA)在预防大鼠铅中毒及减低铅毒性中的作用 ,同时研究其对锌、铜二元素的影响 ,采用随机分组的动物实验设计方法 ,将 60只Wistar大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组、阳性药物组和高、中、低NaFeEDTA组 ,共 6组 ,除空白对照组外 ,对其余各组大鼠进行持续性染铅 ,而且除模型对照组外的 4个染铅组分别同时给予二巯基丁二酸 (DMSA)、高、中、低浓度的NaFeEDTA溶液。 5周后实验结束 ,对相关指标进行测定。结果显示 ,三个NaFeEDTA组的血红蛋白含量均显著高于其它各组 ,同时其血铅、脑铅、肝脏铅、肾脏铅及胫骨铅含量显著低于模型对照组 ,而且它们的肝脏铅、肾脏铅和胫骨铅含量与每日每只大鼠铁补充量之间存在显著负相关 ,相关系数分别为 - 0 4432、- 0 61 34和 - 0 3878;除中、高浓度NaFeEDTA组的脑锌水平低于模型对照组以及低浓度NaFeEDTA组的肾脏铜含量高于模型对照组外 ,其余各NaFeEDTA组的脏器锌、铜含量与模型对照组相比均无显著性差异。提示NaFeEDTA可有效提高大鼠的血红蛋白含量 ,能够预防大鼠铅中毒 ,减低铅对大鼠的毒性作用 ;同时对体内锌、铜含量无太大影响     

Small-dose oral iron absorption test in anaemic and non-anaemic elderly hospitalized patients

Abstract: The small-dose (20 mg) oral iron absorption test (OIAT) was performed in 76 hospitalized elderly patients and 30 healthy adults. Of the elderly patients, 34 were considered as iron deficient (serum ferritin level <20 μg/L) of whom 23 were anaemic and 11 not anaemic, 21 had the anaemia of chronic disorders (ACD) and another 21 were non-anaemic patients with a normal serum ferritin level. There was a significant inverse correlation between the serum ferritin level as a measure of iron store and the maximum increase in serum iron during a 3-h test (C_max), in the elderly as well as in the healthy adult group. A decision limit of 80 μg/dL for C_max is a good discriminant between absent (serum ferritin <20 μg/L) and adequate body iron stores. Sixty-eight per cent of the patients with a serum ferritin level <20 μg/L but virtually none of the ACD patients, non-anaemic elderly inpatients with normal serum ferritin levels and healthy adults had a C_max level >80 μg/L. Although further investigation is needed before the OIAT can be recommended as a valuable test for evaluating iron absorption, predicting mild iron deficiency and differentiating between different categories of anaemia, it seems worthwile that more effort should be done to validate this simple and safe test.