两种髓内固定方法治疗胫骨骨折的临床观察

目的探讨交锁髓内钉、轴向控制动力性锁钉两种方法治疗胫骨骨折的疗效。方法对56例胫骨骨折进行手术治疗，32例采用交锁髓内钉固定，24例采用轴向控制动力性锁钉固定。结果随访6～10个月，交锁钉组的平均手术时间是98分钟，平均骨愈合时间是22周，交锁髓内钉优良率84．34％；轴向控制动力性锁钉组的平均手术时间和骨愈合时间是63分钟和18周，优良率为95．83％，两组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论轴向控制动力性锁钉较传统的交锁钉手术时间短，愈合时间快，功能恢复更理想，值得推广。     

Posterolateral Sulcus Approach for Spinal Intramedullary Tumor of Lateral Location: Technical Note

Posterolateral sulcus (PLS) approach of the spinal cord, being equivalent to the dorsal root entry zone myelotomy, may offer the satisfactory exposure of the spinal intramedullary tumor if applied appropriately. Eight consecutive patients with spinal intramedullary tumors of lateral location underwent the surgery of PLS approach in our institute. There were 6 male and 2 female patients, ranging in age from 34 to 72 years (mean, 57 years). PLS approach was indicated for the intramedullary tumor situated laterally in the spinal cord and that do not contact the posterior or lateral surfaces on magnetic resonance (MR) images before surgery. Total removal of the tumor was achieved in 6 cases except of 2 cases of anaplastic astrocytoma. All 6 patients with total removal of the tumor demonstrated the modest or mild deterioration of motor function on the approach side early after surgery, which resolved within 1 month after surgery. Average grade of the modified McCormick functional schema was 3.5 before surgery and improved to 3.0 at 3 months after surgery. These 6 patients demonstrated satisfactory pain relief early after surgery. Average grade of the sensory pain scale was 2.7 before surgery and improved to 1.7 at 3 months after surgery. PLS approach can be one of the surgical choices to the spinal intramedullary tumors, if applied appropriately. Better indication for PLS approach may be the tumors of the uneven location within the spinal cord associated with moderate or severe local pain.     

Nailed Cementoplasty: A Salvage Technique for Rorabeck Type II Periprosthetic Fractures in Octogenarians

Periprosthetic femoral fractures around a total knee arthroplasty present a surgical challenge in octogenarians with advanced osteoporosis. We describe a salvage technique combining retrograde intramedullary nailing augmented with polymethylmethacrylate cement in 5 patients followed up for a median time of 12 months. The nail/cement construct bridges the femoral canal tightly and simulates a stemmed cemented revision component. All patients had an uncomplicated recovery and returned to their preinjury functional status within 4 months. This procedure does not disrupt the soft tissue envelope around the fracture site, is easy to perform and permits immediate full range of movement. When standard retrograde nailing or plating alone is inadequate in maintaining severely osteoporotic fracture reduction, nailed cementoplasty is proposed as a salvage procedure in octogenarians unfit for lengthy interventions.     

伽玛(γ)髓内钉与人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折的效果比较

目的比较分析伽玛(γ)髓内钉与人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折的治疗效果。方法选取2018年1月至2020年12月青岛市黄岛区中心医院骨科收治的68例高龄骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折患者。男30例,女38例;年龄(79.93±2.94)岁,年龄范围为75~92岁。根据手术方式将患者分为伽玛(γ)钉组和置换组,每组34例。比较两组患者的手术相关指标,包括切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后下床活动时间、住院时间。术后观察患者的并发症发生情况,并进行Harris髋关节评分。结果伽玛(γ)钉组切口长度[(4.17±1.30)cm]小于置换组[(10.33±2.57)cm],手术时间[(75.41±9.73)min]短于置换组[(83.10±11.48)min],术中出血量[(209.14±28.79)ml]少于置换组[(319.52±52.65)ml],但术后下床活动时间[(9.94±2.61)d]晚于置换组[(4.46±1.39)d],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1个月、术后3个月置换组Harris评分[(48.90±9.24)分、(75.41±12.43)分]高于伽玛(γ)钉组[(34.53±7.76)分、(69.83±8.36)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);置换组手术并发症发生率[5.9%(2/34)]低于伽玛(γ)钉组[26.5%(9/34)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论伽玛(γ)髓内钉与人工股骨头置换术均能有效治疗高龄骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折,人工股骨头置换术有利于促进患者早期功能恢复,手术并发症发生率低,但相对手术创伤较大。伽玛(γ)髓内钉的远期治疗效果与人工股骨头置换术相当,其手术创伤更小、手术时间更短、术中出血量更少,可作为一种治疗方案应用于临床。     

PHILOS钢板和Multiloc髓内钉治疗老年肱骨近端骨折的显性失血和隐性失血分析

目的分析PHILOS钢板和Multiloc髓内钉治疗老年肱骨近端骨折的显性失血和隐性失血的临床特点。 方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年12月分别采用PHILOS钢板治疗（45例）和Multiloc髓内钉治疗（37例）的老年肱骨近端骨折患者的临床资料，比较手术时间、显性失血量和隐性失血量，对患者围手术期失血情况进行评估和分析。 结果PHILOS钢板组平均手术时间（141.78±36.18）min，总失血量674.68（592.87,979.65）ml，显性失血量320.00（220.00,430.00）ml；Multiloc髓内钉组平均手术时间（102.70±22.10）min，总失血量589.23（430.80,714.82）ml，显性失血量100.00（100.00,125.00）ml，两组间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组围手术期隐性失血量为383.55（253.17,575.48）ml和460.98（309.87,610.25）ml，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），分别占总失血量56.85%和78.23%。 结论与PHILOS钢板比较，Multiloc髓内钉内固定治疗此类骨折患者的平均手术时间短，总失血量和显性失血量少。两种内固定治疗方式的隐性失血量无明显差异，但隐性失血量在总失血量中所占比重较大，临床上应该时刻重视，积极干预，改善患者预后。     

改良切口抗旋髓内钉置入术治疗股骨转子间骨折

目的 与标准切口比较，探讨改良切口置入股骨近端防旋髓内钉（proximal femoral nail antirotation，PFNA）对股骨转子间骨折患者的疗效。 方法 纳入2017年1月~ 2018年12月闭合复位PFNA内固定术治疗的股骨转子间骨折患者，采用改良小切口手术的患者48例，标准切口手术患者38例。记录并比较两组患者手术时长、C臂透视次数、近端切口长度、手术出血量、住院时间、术后1年Harris髋关节评分及Charnley评分，评价手术疗效。 结果 两组患者性别构成和平均年龄无统计学差异（P>0.05），住院时间无统计学差异（P>0.05）；改良切口组切口长度及手术时间较短，出血量及术中透视次数减少，术后1年随访Harris及Charnley评分均高于标准切口组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 改良切口的PFNA置入手术具有透视次数较少、手术时间较短、手术切口较小、出血量较少、手术损伤较小的优点，值得推广。     

Outcome of intertrochanteric fractures treated by intramedullary nail with two integrated lag screws: A study in Asian population

Background:The incidence of intertrochanteric fracture has increased during recent years as life expectancy has also increased. Currently, orthopedic surgeons use various fixation methods for intertrochanteric fractures like, intramedullary (IM) nailing or dynamic hip screws and plates. The intramedullary (IM) nail with two integrated lag screws has been used recently in intertrochanteric fractures to overcome Z-affect phenomenon. However, no study is available in an Asian population. This prospective study was undertaken to document the clinical and radiologic outcomes of the IM nail with two integrated lag screws and its limitations in Asian patients.Results:Seventy four patients were available for at least 1 year followup examinations. Forty-five patients (60.8%) recovered prefracture status. Mean time to bony union was 18.3 ± 8.6 weeks. Intraoperative technical problems related to an unavoidable superior positioning of the lag screw occurred in five cases. Postoperative complications requiring reoperation occurred in three patients; two cases of varus collapse with cut out and one case of periprosthetic fracture.Conclusions:The IM nail with two integrated lag screws showed favorable outcomes in Asian patients with an intertrochanteric fracture even though several complications that were not previously reported with this nail were found. The proper selection of patients and careful insertion of two lag screws should be mandatory in Asian patients.     

PFNA内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折

目的观察股骨近端髓内钉(PFNA)治疗股骨转子间骨折的疗效。方法选取本院2010年1月至2012年2月收治股骨转子间骨折30例患者为研究对象,采用PFNA治疗。结果本组30例经9¹8个月随访,全部病例获得骨性愈合。采用髋关节Harris评分标准评定患髋功能,优16例,良10例,可2例,差2例,优良率86.67%,没有发生骨折延迟愈合、内固定失败及术后感染等。结论 PFNA具有创伤小、设计合理、允许患者早期活动,是理想的股骨转子间骨折内固定物之一。     

前臂交锁髓内钉微创治疗尺桡骨骨干骨折的临床研究

目的：探讨前臂交锁髓内钉微创治疗尺桡骨骨干骨折的临床效果。方法：选取我院86例尺桡骨骨干骨折患者作为研究对象，随机将其分为实验组（43例）和对照组（43例）。对照组给予钢板内固定治疗，实验组给予前臂交锁髓内钉微创治疗。结果：实验组骨折临床愈合率及术后恢复效果优率分别为88．30％和83．72％，均显著优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（χ2=6．300，P〈0．05；χ2=5．639，P〈0．05）。结论：前臂交锁髓内钉微创治疗尺桡骨骨干骨折，能显著提高临床效果，改善术后功能恢复，是值得考虑的临床治疗方法之一。