弹性髓内钉与钢板内固定治疗儿童股骨干骨折疗效比较

目的比较弹性髓内钉与钢板内固定治疗儿童股骨干骨折的临床疗效。方法将64例儿童股骨干骨折患儿按治疗方法分为两组:A组(34例)采用闭合复位弹性髓内钉内固定,B组(30例)采用切开复位钢板内固定。术后定期随访,比较两组的手术时间及骨折愈合时间,依照Kolmert et al功能评定标准评价患者术后膝关节活动、疼痛、稳定性及肌力情况。结果患者均获得随访,时间10~24个月。A组的手术时间及骨折愈合时间明显短于B组(P0.05)。功能评价:A组优18例,良14例,可2例,优良率94.1%;B组优8例,良14例,可6例,差2例,优良率73.3%;A组疗效优于B组(P0.05)。结论与钢板内固定相比,闭合复位弹性髓内钉内固定治疗儿童股骨干骨折骨折愈合时间较短,功能恢复较好。     

弹性髓内钉治疗儿童尺桡骨骨折的临床疗效

目的探讨弹性髓内钉治疗儿童尺桡骨骨折的临床疗效和安全性。方法手术治疗110例尺桡骨骨折患儿,根据治疗方法分为两组:髓内钉组67例采用闭合复位弹性髓内钉治疗,钢板组43例采用切开复位动力加压钢板治疗。比较两组临床效果和术后并发症发生率。结果手术时间:髓内钉组为32~41(36.92±4.21)min,短于钢板组的73~87(80.51±6.64)min(P0.05)。术中失血量:髓内钉组为11~17(14.15±2.86)ml,少于钢板组的的147~171(154.26±16.90)ml(P0.05)。骨折愈合时间和住院时间:髓内钉组分别为4~8(6.18±2.33)周、5~7(6.21±1.09)d,短于钢板组的8~12(10.12±2.76)周、9~13(11.80±2.11)d;住院费用:髓内钉组为0.84~1.31(1.09±0.24)万元,少于钢板组的0.99~1.50(1.09±0.24)万元;两组3项比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。Anderson评分优良率:髓内钉组为94.03%,钢板组为93.02%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后并发症发生率:髓内钉组为1.49%,钢板组为13.95%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论儿童尺桡骨骨折采用闭合复位弹性髓内钉治疗手术创伤小,术后恢复快,并发症少,且能减轻患者经济负担。     

闭合复位交锁髓内钉内固定治疗胫腓骨多段骨折

目的探讨闭合复位交锁髓内钉内固定治疗胫腓骨多段骨折的疗效。方法采用闭合复位交锁髓内钉内固定治疗21例胫腓骨多段骨折患者,观察术后骨折愈合时间、并发症、膝关节功能及Johner-Wruhs评分。结果患者均获得随访,时间8~26个月。无筋膜间隙综合征及术后切口感染发生。骨折均顺利愈合。末次随访患者膝关节活动度:伸0°~8°,屈0°~130°。按照Johner-Wruhs评分:优14例,良6例,可1例,优良率达20/21。结论闭合复位交锁髓内钉内固定治疗胫腓骨多段骨折具有微创、感染率低、骨折愈合率高、膝关节功能优良等优点。     

外侧髌旁切口膝关节半伸直位关节外髓内钉技术治疗胫骨干骨折的临床疗效分析

目的探讨分析外侧髌旁切口膝关节半伸直位关节外髓内钉技术治疗胫骨干骨折的临床疗效。方法笔者回顾性分析2012年6月~2013年9月收治的胫骨干骨折患者24例,男性15例,女性9例;年龄17~63岁,平均40岁。其中胫骨上1/4骨折17例,胫骨干骨折合并髌骨前皮肤软组织挫伤7例;均符合髓内钉固定治疗。24例患者均采取经外侧髌腱旁入路,关节外髓内钉植入技术,并得到了12个月以上的随访。随访期间,采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS),客观的活动度评分和功能障碍评分来反映膝前痛程度、关节的活动度。结果 7例胫骨干骨折合并髌骨前皮肤软组织挫伤的患者由于采用了髌旁外侧切口,切口均良好愈合。所有24例患者在术后3~6周的随访期间,80.16%的患者有膝前疼痛;但术后3个月的随访显示79.6%的患者膝前疼痛均消失,膝关节的屈伸功能及活动度均较满意。根据VAS评分及活动度评分,优15例,良7例,差2例,总优良率为91.66%。各年龄阶段无明显差异。结论外侧髌旁切口膝关节半伸直位关节外髓内钉技术,尤其对于合并髌骨前皮肤软组织挫伤者,可以大大减少切口感染及皮肤坏死的概率,而且手术复位操作简便,影像学透视优势明显。术后膝关节膝前痛的发生率低,关节功能恢复良好,尤其适用于胫骨上1/4骨折及胫骨干骨折合并髌骨前皮肤软组织挫伤的患者。     

两种方法治疗成人肱骨干骨折的疗效比较

目的：评价切开复位钢板螺钉内固定与微创弹性髓内钉内固定结合颈腕带悬吊治疗成人肱骨干骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2012年3月至2014年3月该院收治的65例肱骨干骨折患者资料,其中38例患者行切开复位钢板螺钉内固定（钢板螺钉固定组）,27例行有限切开或闭合复位弹性髓内钉内固定结合颈腕带悬吊（弹性髓内钉组）。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中失血量、医源性桡神经损伤及切口感染发生率,术后骨折复位程度、骨折愈合时间及肩肘关节功能评分。结果弹性髓内钉组手术时间及术中失血量均少于钢板螺钉固定组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。两组术后骨折愈合率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;钢板螺钉固定组术后肩、肘关节功能评分均高于弹性髓内钉组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;两组术后均未发生严重的神经损伤及切口感染等其他并发症。结论切开复位钢板螺钉内固定与弹性髓内钉内固定均是治疗成人肱骨干骨折的有效方法,后者手术时间短、术中出血少,但肩肘疼痛与活动受限较前者严重。     

闭合复位顺行交锁髓内钉内固定治疗肱骨中上段粉碎性骨折

目的探讨闭合复位用顺行交锁髓内钉内固定治疗肱骨中上段粉碎性骨折的临床应用及近期临床效果。方法对我院2010年10月~2014年12月收治的32例肱骨中上段粉碎性骨折采用C臂下闭合复位顺行交锁髓内钉内固定治疗,术前均行X片,手术经肩外侧直形入路显露肱骨大小结节以及结节间沟;自肱骨大结节外上方开口,插入导针,闭合复位后将导针插入远端髓腔,测量并选用合适长度髓内钉,顺行插入髓内钉并锁定远近锁钉。结果平均手术时间90分钟,出血75mL。术后随访6~24个月(平均18个月)。术后所有患者肱骨中上段粉碎性骨折获得较好复位固定。结论闭合复位用顺行交锁髓内钉内固定治疗肱骨中上段粉碎性骨折,能够显著可靠固定肱骨中上段粉碎性骨折,是一种有效、安全的方法。     

弹性髓内针固定治疗Gartland Ⅲ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折

目的 探讨弹性髓内针固定治疗Gartland Ⅲ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折临床疗效和治疗体会.方法 回顾性分析我院自2013年5月至2015年2月采用弹性髓内针治疗的Gartland Ⅲ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折共28例,其中男16例,女12例,患儿年龄2岁6个月～11岁,平均年龄5.1岁.所有患儿均为闭合性损伤.在麻醉下和C型臂透视下,先行骨折闭合手法复位,复位满意后取直径合适大小弹性髓内针2枚,折弯后由肱骨近端外侧1.5cm纵行切口穿入肱骨骨髓腔,直至骨折线远端干骺端内固定.上肢绷带悬吊制动.术后定期随访行X线检查,按照Flynn功能评价标准评定疗效.结果 本组28例全部获得随访,随访时间6～27个月,平均10.5个月,随访期最短6个月,最长27个月.从临床表现及X线片评估患肢骨折愈合及功能情况,术后1周患肢活动稍受限,术后1个月均去除悬吊绷带并患肢自由屈伸活动,根据骨折愈合情况术后取钉时间最短33 d,最长8周.最后一次随访时,所有患儿Baumann角、前倾角均在正常范围内.患儿均未发生伤口感染、髓内针移位,未出现Volkmann挛缩、肘内翻畸形、神经损伤.按照Flynn功能评分,优25例,良3例.结论 弹性髓内针治疗Gartland Ⅲ型儿童肱骨髁上骨折能避免损伤神经,因切口位置隐蔽,创伤小;内固定稳定无需石膏外固定,能防止前臂Volkmann挛缩的发生,是一种安全、可行的治疗方法.     

Distal locking in short hip nails: Cause or prevention of peri-implant fractures?

ObjectivesThe most common cause of femoral fractures after osteosynthesis of trochanteric fractures with short nails is weakening of the femoral cortex via distal locking and stress concentrations at the tip of the nail. The aim of the study was to verify whether the incidence of peri-implant fractures is dependent upon the distal locking technique.MethodsWe prospectively analysed a group of 849 pertrochanteric fractures (AO/ASIF 31-A1 + 2) managed with short nails from 2009 to 2013. Unlocked nailing was performed in 70.1% and distal dynamic locking was performed in 29.9%. The mean age was 82.0 years. Peri-implant fractures were divided into 3 groups according to the height of the fracture in relation to the tip of the nail.ResultsIn total 17 fractures (2.0%) were detected. One peri-implant fracture occurred after locked nailing, whereas 16 cases occurred after unlocked nailing (p = 0.037). Patients without distal locking had an 85.7% greater risk of peri-implant fracture. Fractures of the proximal femur (Type I) occurred significantly earlier than fractures at the tip of the nail (Type II) (p = 0.028).ConclusionUnlocked nails do not guarantee sufficient stability. Distal locking serves to prevent postoperative femoral fractures. We recommend the routine use of distal locking when utilizing short nails.     

Novel modification of second generation intramedullary PMMA cementing technique for narrow upper and lower extremity canals

PurposeIt is very difficult to cement intramedullary canals smaller than 10 mm with standard commercially available cement syringes due to mismatch in canal and syringe diameters. This is often encountered in children and in the upper limb. We describe a simple method of cementing, using cement gun with size-matched plastic endotracheal tube (ET).MethodsThe medullary canal is prepared and the size determined. ET with outer diameter 0.5–1 mm smaller than the canal diameter is chosen. The standard cementing syringe nozzle is cut at the middle and fitted to Portex^® tube with the adaptor connector, which comes with the ET. The plastic ET is cut to an appropriate length depending on canal length to be cemented. The nozzle is fitted to the syringe and cementing done in the usual way. We applied this new modification in the method to cement narrow canals of ulna, humerus, tibia and femur.ResultsThe method has proven to be consistently reliable and useful in cases of cementing stems into bones with narrow intramedullary diameters. Apart from femur and tibia in children, humerus and ulna in adults were also cemented. The cement mantle by this technique is uniform and uninterrupted. Special care should be taken to fit the connector properly to the syringe nozzle and to hold it firmly while cementing.ConclusionsIn our experience, this new technique has proven to be very useful, easy to use, reproducible and effective in cementing narrow canals.     

Locked intramedullary nailing of metacarpal fractures secondary to gunshot wounds

PURPOSE: To investigate the results of fixation of 10 metacarpal shaft fractures secondary to low-velocity gunshot wounds with locked intramedullary nails. METHODS: We reviewed the results of 10 patients with locked intramedullary nailing of the metacarpal for low-velocity gunshot wounds. Autogenous bone grafting was used in 9 of the 10 fractures. The follow-up period averaged 26 months. The parameters evaluated included angulation, rotational alignment, shortening of the digit, postoperative metacarpophalangeal (MCP) range of motion, and time to union. RESULTS: Nine of 10 fractures showed corticocancellous bone autograft incorporation in the midshaft of the metacarpal on radiographs 3 months after surgery; the single fracture without bone grafting did not unite and required an additional procedure with bone grafting to achieve union. The MCP flexion averaged 81 degrees. All MCP joints attained full extension except for 2 that had a 10 degrees extension lag. One metacarpal required an extensor tendon tenolysis and an MCP capsulotomy. No malrotation of the digits was noted and none of the patients developed an infection. The average shortening was 1.2 mm and 1 metacarpal had an angulation of 6 degrees. CONCLUSIONS: Locked intramedullary nailing of the metacarpal with autogenous iliac crest bone graft is an effective technique for treating low-velocity gunshot metacarpal fractures associated with bone loss and comminution. The locked implant maintains satisfactory alignment, length, and rotation of the metacarpal until graft incorporation and bone healing occurs.