Comparative Anatomy of Mouse and Human Nail Units

Recent studies of mice with hair defects have resulted in major contributions to the understanding of hair disorders. To use mouse models as a tool to study nail diseases, a basic understanding of the similarities and differences between the human and mouse nail unit is required. In this study we compare the human and mouse nail unit at the macroscopic and microscopic level and use immunohistochemistry to determine the keratin expression patterns in the mouse nail unit. Both species have a proximal nail fold, cuticle, nail matrix, nail bed, nail plate, and hyponychium. Distinguishing features are the shape of the nail and the presence of an extended hyponychium in the mouse. Expression patterns of most keratins are similar. These findings indicate that the mouse nail unit shares major characteristics with the human nail unit and overall represents a very similar structure, useful for the investigation of nail diseases and nail biology. Anat Rec, 296:521–532, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Regeneration of nails with artificial dermis

Abstract

We treated fingertips injured through the proximal half of the nail bed using artificial dermis in 22 patients from 2004 to 2009. We classified the injuries to the nail bed into three types according to where the wounds were. Type ? was localised to the nail bed with or without minor injury to the surrounding structure; type II was an avulsion and amputation of the fingertip including the nail bed, the finger pulp, and the distal phalanx at the level of the proximal nail bed; and type III was post-traumatic shortening of the nail, in which the pulp and distal phalanx were intact. Regeneration and elongation of the nail was achieved in every patient by applying artificial dermis. All patients were satisfied with the results.     

Accuracy analysis of computer-assisted surgery for femoral trochanteric fracture using a fluoroscopic navigation system: Stryker ADAPT®system

PurposeADAPT is a fluoroscopic computer-assisted surgery system which intraoperatively shows the distance from the tip of the screw to the surface of the femoral head, tip-to-head-surface distance (TSD), and the tip-apex distance (TAD) advocated by Baumgaertner et al. The study evaluated the accuracy of ADAPT.Patients and methodsA total of 55 patients operated with ADAPT between August 2016 and March 2017 were included as subjects. TSD and TAD were measured postoperatively using computed tomography (CT) and X-rays. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was checked in advance. The error was defined as the difference between postoperative and intraoperative measurement values of ADAPT. Summary statistics, root mean square errors (RMSEs), and correlations were evaluated.ResultsICC was 0.94 [95% CI: 0.90–0.96] in TSD and 0.99 [95% CI: 0.98–0.99] in TAD. The error was −0.35 mm (−1.83 mm to 1.12 mm) in TSD and +0.63 mm (−5.65 mm to 4.59 mm) in TAD. RMSE was 0.63 mm in TSD and 1.53 mm in TAD. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.79 [95% CI: 0.66–0.87] in TSD and 0.83 [95% CI: 0.72–0.89] in TAD. There were no adverse events with ADAPT use.ConclusionADAPT is highly accurate and useful in guiding surgeons in properly positioning the screws.     

Characterization of indoor air contaminants in a randomly selected set of commercial nail salons in Salt Lake County,Utah, USA

Air samples were collected in 12 randomly selected commercial nail salons in Salt Lake County, Utah. Measurements of salon physical/chemical parameters (room volume, CO₂ levels) were obtained. Volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations were collected using summa air canisters and sorbent media tubes for an 8-h period. Multivariate analyses were used to identify relationships between salon physical/chemical characteristics and the VOCs found in the air samples. The ACGIH^® additive mixing formula was also applied to determine if there were potential overexposures to the combined airborne concentrations of chemicals monitored. Methyl methacrylate was detected in 58% of the establishments despite having been banned for use in nail products by the state of Utah. Formaldehyde was found above the NIOSH REL^® (0.016?ppm) in 58% of the establishments. Given the assortment of VOCs to which nail salon workers are potentially exposed, a combination of engineering as well as personal protective equipment is recommended.     

股骨近端防旋髓内针治疗高龄不稳定性股骨转子间骨折

正2011年7月~2014年4月,我们采用股骨近端防旋髓内针(PFNA)治疗57例高龄不稳定性股骨转子间骨折患者,效果满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组57例,男20例,女37例,年龄80~94岁。骨折按Tronzo-Evans分型:Ⅲ型28例,Ⅳ型25例,Ⅴ型4例。患者均合并有内科疾病     

Medial sustainable nail versus proximal femoral nail antirotation in treating AO/OTA 31-A2.3 fractures: Finite element analysis and biomechanical evaluation

Objectives

Using finite element analysis and biomechanical tests, the biomechanical behaviors of Medial Sustainable Nail (MSN) and Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA) were compared for the fixation of fracture type of AO/OTA 31-A2.3.

Management of Chronic Paronychia

Chronic paronychia is an inflammatory disorder of the nail folds of a toe or finger presenting as redness, tenderness, and swelling. It is recalcitrant dermatoses seen commonly in housewives and housemaids. It is a multifactorial inflammatory reaction of the proximal nail fold to irritants and allergens. Repeated bouts of inflammation lead to fibrosis of proximal nail fold with poor generation of cuticle, which in turn exposes the nail further to irritants and allergens. Thus, general preventive measures form cornerstone of the therapy. Though previously anti-fungals were the mainstay of therapy, topical steroid creams have been found to be more effective in the treatment of chronic paronychia. In recalcitrant cases, surgical treatment may be resorted to, which includes en bloc excision of the proximal nail fold or an eponychial marsupialization, with or without nail plate removal. Newer therapies and surgical modalities are being employed in the management of chronic paronychia. In this overview, we review recent epidemiological studies, present current thinking on the pathophysiology leading to chronic paronychia, discuss the challenges chronic paronychia presents, and recommend a commonsense approach to management.