采用微创技术治疗Neer 2、3部分肱骨近端骨折的疗效观察

目的评价采用Philos钢板与Multiloc髓内钉微创治疗肱骨近端Neer2、3部分肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析从2014年2月至2016年6月成都第一骨科医院骨科和四川省骨科医院骨科采用Philos钢板与Multiloc髓内钉治疗肱骨近端2、3部分肱骨近端骨折患者,并获得完整随访共47例。Philos钢板组24例,其中男9例(37.5%),女15例(62.5%);Multiloc髓内钉组23例,其中男9例(39.1%),女14例(60.9%)。随访时间为1、3、6、9、12个月及>12个月,拍摄正、侧位肩关节X线片。比较两组性别、年龄、手术时间、视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)、美国肩肘外科医师评分(ASES)、Constant-Murley评分、骨折愈合时间、肩关节活动范围。结果随访1年共获得47例完整病例纳入研究。钢板组无骨折延迟愈合及不愈合,骨折愈合时间1.5~3.0(2.4±0.6)个月;髓内钉组无骨折延迟愈合及不愈合,骨折愈合时间为1.5~3.0(2.3±0.5)个月。本研究中47例患者术后5例出现轻微疼痛,其中钢板组3例,髓内钉组2例,均口服塞来昔布后疼痛缓解。随访结果显示,钢板组手术时间为(122.3±32.7)min,髓内钉组为(154.9±35.8)min,两者差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。在2部分骨折中,髓内钉外展角度(158.0°±14.1°)比钢板组外展角度(129.6°±30.2°)高,显示2部分骨折髓内钉治疗有优势。3部分骨折中, Philos钢板组手术时间为(130.4±35.3)min,Multiloc髓内钉组为(161.5±29.2)min,(P=0.024)。未出现骨折不愈合,切口感染及延迟愈合、肩袖损伤及腋神经损伤等并发症。结论在肱骨近端骨折的治疗中,采用Philos锁定钢板与Multiloc髓内钉,并结合微创理念与技术,两者均能取得良好的疗效。对于2部分肱骨近端骨折,采用髓内钉治疗比采用钢板治疗有明显的优势。成熟的手术技术是手术成功的根本保证,对于复杂的肱骨近端骨折需要有经验的医生去处理,方能获得良好的效果。     

Gamma钉治疗股骨转子间骨折远端是否锁钉疗效比较

目的探讨Gamma钉内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折远端是否锁钉对疗效的影响。方法对144例稳定性股骨转子间骨折患者采用Gamma钉内固定,根据远端锁钉与否将患者分为远端未采用锁钉组(非锁钉组,70例)和远端采用锁钉组(锁钉组,74例)。观察两组患者手术时间、透视时间、输血量、住院时间、骨折复位质量、骨折愈合时间及并发症。结果两组均获得12个月随访。两组骨折复位质量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。手术时间、术中透视时间、输血量锁钉组明显长(多)于非锁钉组(P<0.001)。两组患者并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论采用Gamma钉治疗稳定性股骨转子间骨折远端可以不行锁钉固定,不影响骨折愈合和临床疗效,还具有减少透视时间、手术时间、术后并发症等优点。     

两种方法治疗不稳定性股骨转子间骨折的疗效比较

目的比较股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)与联合加压交锁髓内钉(InterTan)治疗不稳定性股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效。方法将124例不稳定性股骨转子间骨折患者按照内固定方法分为PFNA组(60例)和InterTan组(64例)。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、C臂机透视次数、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、术后并发症、术后髋关节功能评分。结果两组患者均获得随访,时间5~22个月。手术时间、术中出血量、C臂机透视次数PFNA组均短(少)于InterTan组(P<0.001)。住院时间、骨折愈合时间及术后髋关节功能评分两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后并发症InterTan组少于PFNA组(P<0.05)。结论PFNA手术创伤小,时间短,出血量更少,更适合一般状况差、手术耐受能力差的患者;InterTan稳定性好,术后并发症少,更利于不稳定骨折的固定及术前运动能力好的患者。     

闭合复位顺行髓内钉固定治疗股骨干骨折

目的探讨闭合复位顺行髓内钉固定治疗股骨干骨折的临床疗效。方法采用闭合复位顺行髓内钉固定治疗40例股骨干骨折患者。记录手术时间、术中出血量、术中放射线曝露时间,观察骨折愈合时间及并发症情况。结果手术时间50~120(85.00±19.71)min,术中出血量100~400(250.00±75.11)ml,放射线曝露时间10~50(30.00±10.44)min。患者均获得随访,时间10~24(16.60±3.16)个月。骨折愈合时间15~24(17.68±2.59)周。无内固定松动、断裂,未发生切口感染、深静脉血栓形成、深部感染等并发症。结论闭合复位顺行髓内钉固定是治疗股骨干骨折的有效方法,具有操作简单、创伤小、有利于骨折愈合的优点,临床效果满意。     

胫腓骨骨折行交锁髓内钉内固定术的体会

目的考察交锁髓内钉内固定法治疗胫腓骨骨折的临床疗效及其安全性。方法对来我院61例胫腓骨骨折患者给予交锁髓内钉内固定法治疗,观察临床疗效及其安全性。结果手术进展非常顺利,平均手术时间、平均出血量、平均住院时间、平均愈合时间分别为(120.5±11.6)min、(264.8±69.3)mL、(13.6±7.8)d、(4.8±3.9)个月;39例效果为优,21例效果为良,1例效果为差;未发生严重的并发症。结论交锁髓内钉内固定法治疗胫腓骨骨具有创伤较小,固定可靠,骨折愈合快,并发症少等优点,具有临床推广的意义。     

侧甲皱成形术联合部分切除甲母质治疗嵌甲230例临床观察

目的探讨侧甲皱成形术治疗嵌甲的方法及疗效。方法回顾性分析230例嵌甲性甲沟炎患者的临床资料,总结化脓急性甲沟炎患者,先拨甲排脓,并换药,伤口愈合后再次侧甲皱成形术手术的临床效果。结果 230例中54例积脓者,先行拨甲术,再行Ⅱ期侧甲皱成形术,痊愈;176例慢性嵌甲患者,行Ⅰ期侧甲皱成形手术,痊愈,效果良好,未见嵌甲复发。结论侧甲皱成形术手术创伤小,预后好,复发率低,远期疗效确切,为治疗嵌甲的理想手术方式。     

Closed/open reduction and titanium elastic nails for severely displaced proximal humeral fractures in children

Purpose

The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of closed/open reduction and titanium elastic nails (TENs) in children with severely displaced proximal humeral fractures.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed on 37 children suffering from proximal humeral fracture between April 2009 and July 2012. All these patients were treated by closed or open reduction with TEN fixation. The healing process was assessed by radiographic and clinical follow-up for up to 36 months. Radiographic assessment was performed on the scheduled follow-ups to examine fracture healing, remodelling, bone growth and residual deformity. The clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Neer shoulder score and patients’ satisfaction report at the final follow-up. Complications related to the treatment were also recorded.

Results

All patients had a mean follow-up period of 24 months (12–36) after surgery. All fractures were healed, radiologically, at a median time of eight weeks (seven to ten weeks). There were no major complications related to the treatment. Two patients complained about skin irritation around the sides of the prominent distal ends of the nails. Implant removal took place at an average of 5.8 months post-operatively as an outpatient procedure. There were no observed complications in association with the removal of the hardware. At the final follow-up, the mean Neer shoulder score was 96.65 (range 83–100). Thirty patients were very satisfied with their surgical outcomes and the remaining seven were satisfied. Function of the affected arm returned to normal at the end of the follow-up period in all cases.

Conclusions

Combining closed or open reduction with TEN fixation is recommended for treating severely displaced proximal humeral fractures in children. Our data showed evidence of satisfactory outcomes with a low complication rate and a fast return to normal mobility of the affected arms.     

Biomechanical comparison of stability of tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with two different intramedullary retrograde nails

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to compare the initial construct stability of two retrograde intramedullary nail systems for tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis (TTCF) (A3, Small Bone Innovations; HAN, Synthes) in a biomechanical cadaver study.MethodsNine pairs of human cadaver bones were instrumented with two different retrograde nail systems. One tibia from each pair was randomized to either rod. The bone mineral density was determined via tomography to ensure the characteristics in each pair of tibiae were similar. All tests were performed in load-control. Displacements and forces were acquired by the sensors of the machine at a rate of 64 Hz. Specimens were tested in a stepwise progression starting with six times ±125N with a frequency of 1 Hz for 250 cycles each step was performed (1500 cycles). The maximum load was then increased to ±250N for another 14 steps or until specimen failure occurred (up to 3500 cycles).ResultsAverage bone mineral density was 67.4 mgHA/ccm and did not differ significantly between groups (t-test, p = .28). Under cyclic loading, the range of motion (dorsiflexion/plantarflexion) at 250N was significantly lower for the HAN-group with 7.2 ± 2.3 mm compared to the A3-group with 11.8 ± 2.9 mm (t-test, p < 0.01). Failure was registered for the HAN after 4571 ± 1134 cycles and after 2344 ± 1195 cycles for the A3 (t-test, p = .031). Bone mineral density significantly correlated with the number of cycles to failure in both groups (Spearman-Rho, r > .69, p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe high specimen age and low bone density simulates an osteoporotic bone situation. The HAN with only lateral distal bend but two calcaneal locking screws showed higher stability (higher number of cycles to failure and lower motion such as dorsiflexion/plantarflexion during cyclic loading) than the A3 with additional distal dorsal bend but only one calcaneal locking screw. Both constructs showed sufficient stability compared with earlier data from a similar test model.Clinical relevanceThe data suggest that both implants allow for sufficient primary stability for TTCF in osteoporotic and consequently also in non-osteoporotic bone.Level of evidenceNot applicable, experimental basic science study.     

复位股骨大粗隆顶点骨折对PFNA治疗不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折预后的影响

目的评估应用股骨近端防旋髓内钉（PFNA）内固定治疗合并股骨大粗隆顶点局部骨折的不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折术中将股骨大粗隆顶点局部骨折复位对预后的影响。方法合并股骨大粗隆顶点局部骨折的不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折46例,股骨大粗隆顶点局部骨折复位固定26例（复位组）,未复位固定20例（未复位组）。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后第2天血红蛋白及白蛋白水平、骨折愈合时间、术后并发症及末次随访时髋关节功能Harris评分。结果复位组较未复位组手术时间更长、术中出血量更多,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;但复位组在术后并发症及末次随访时髋关节的功能恢复方面明显优于未复位组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;而2组在骨折愈合时间、术后第2天血红蛋白及白蛋白水平方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论复位固定移位的股骨大粗隆顶点骨折能够提高PFNA主钉进针定位的准确性,降低股骨大粗隆外侧壁继发性骨折的发生率,改善术后髋关节功能,减少术后隐性出血量。     

股骨干骨折交锁髓内钉内固定术后的护理

目的 探讨交锁髓内钉内固定术后的护理方法和效果.方法 将96例股骨干骨折行交锁髓内钉内固定术后的患者随机分为两组,对照组48例按术后常规护理,实验组48例在常规护理的基础上,增加患肢蜡疗联合TDP神灯照射疗法,观察并记录术后1周内并发症及护理问题.结果 术口疼痛Ⅱ度以上对照组33例,实验组12例;术口水肿（＋＋）以上对照组33例,实验组12例;两组患者在术口疼痛、水肿、感染及深静脉血栓等方面比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 蜡疗联合TDP神灯照射疗法,对预防交锁髓内钉内固定术后水肿、疼痛等护理问题效果显著,对预防术后感染、深静脉血栓等护理无影响.