高糖等因素对系膜细胞细胞周期调节负控蛋白P27的影响

目的探讨高糖不同浓度刺激或抑制剂对肾小球系膜细胞表达细胞周期负控蛋白P27的影响.方法不同浓度高糖(5.5 mmol/L和25mmol/L、内皮素-1(10-7mol/L)、白介素-13(10 ng/ml和100 ng/ml)作用于培养的系膜细胞.流式细胞仪检测系膜细胞P27表达水平.结果5.5mol/L浓度组在不同时间P27表达为5.10±0.94和3.84±0.81,较对照级明显降低(P＜0.001),而25 mmol/L浓度组在不同时间P27表达为26.82±3.15和30.88±3.68,较对照组明显升高.内皮素-1刺激14 h和18 h后P27的表达分别为14.76±1.49和12.18±1.30,与对照组比较有明显差异(P＜0.05,P＜0.05).IL-13 10 ng/ml浓度组和100 ng/ml浓度组P27表达为46.74±3.52和23.8±2.56,对对照组比较有明显差异(P＜0.001,P＜0.05),不同浓度组之间有显著差异(P＜0.01).结论细胞周期调节负控蛋白P27在调节系膜细胞增殖过程中起重要作用.     

Are hypodense eosinophils in children activated or immature?

In patients with allergic asthma and rhinitis high numbers of hypodense eosinophils (HE) have been demonstrated. In a previous study we reported that asthmatic and healthy children had more HE than their adult counterparts. We assumed that this might, in part, he due to the presence of immature eosinophils in children. To distinguish between immature and activated eosinophils, determination of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) might be interesting as it is known that high serum levels of ECP are associated with increased activation of eosinophiis. In this study we determined (he levels of ECP in scrum in asthmatic and healthy children and adults trying to distinguish activated from immature eosinophils. We found that ECP levels were not increased in children (healthy and asthmatic) compared to adults (healthy and asthmatic). This supports the hypothesis that increased numbers of HE in childhood are, at least in part, immature eosinophils. Nevertheless, we could confirm that inflammation was present in children because soluble interleukin-2-receptor (slL-2R), a marker of lymphocyte activation, was higher in asthmatic children as compared to healthy children. IL-6, a marker of macrophage/monocyte activation, was not different in the different patient groups. We conclude that although signs of inflammation are present in childhood asthma, the increased numbers of HE in children are in part due to the presence of immature eosinophils.     

Are cytokines possible mediators of cancer cachexia?

The possible role of cytokines in the development of cancer cachexia was reviewed from the literature. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-gamma and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) can elicit many but not all host changes seen in cancer cachexia, including loss of appetite, loss of body weight, and the induction of acute-phase protein synthesis. However, these cytokines are not always demonstrated in the circulation of the cancer patients. The inability to detect circulating cytokines may be due to their low rate of production, their short half-life and rapid clearance from plasma, or their mode of action (autocrine or paracrine). Different cytokines are induced to stimulate the same response. This is very different from hormonal regulation, where a hormone acts on a cell directly through a specific receptor without depending on other mediators. Specific antibodies including anti-IFN-gamma, anti-TNF and anti-IL-6 antibodies, as well as the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, have been used to reverse cancer cachexia. Overlapping physiologic activities make it unlikely that a single substance is the sole cause of cancer cachexia. It is hoped that further investigation on other cytokines and their possible relationships with hormones will help to clarify the mechanisms of cancer cachexia in the near future.This work was supported by a grant from the Japan-Sweden Foundation in 1991.     

The role of Na+/K+ ATPase activity during low flow ischemia in preventing myocardial injury: A 31P, 23Na and 87Rb NMR spectroscopic study

An increase in intracellular Na⁺ during ischaemia has been associated with myocardial injury. In this study, we determined whether inhibition of Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activity contributes to this increase and whether Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activity can be maintained by provision of glucose to perfused rat hearts during low flow, 0.5 ml/min, ischemia. We used ³¹P NMR spectroscopy to determine changes in myocardial energetics and intracellular and extracellular volumes. ²³Na NMR spectroscopy, with DyTTHA^3- present as a shift reagent, was used to measure changes in intracellular Na⁺ and ⁸⁷Rb NMR spectroscopy was used to estimate Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activity from Rb⁺ influx rates, Rb⁺ being an NMR-sensitive congener of K⁺. In hearts provided with 11 mM glucose throughout ischemia, glycolysis continued and ATP was twofold higher than in hearts without glucose. In the glucose-hearts, Rb⁺ influx rate was threefold higher, intracellular Na⁺ was fivefold lower at the end of ischemia and functional recovery during reperfusion was twofold higher. We propose that continuation of glycolysis throughout low flow ischemia allowed maintenance of sufficient Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activity to prevent the increase in intracellular Na⁺ that would otherwise have led to myocardial injury.     

Diffuse type of senile plaques in the cerebellum of Alzheimer-type dementia demonstrated byβ protein immunostain

Summary We studied senile plaques (SP) in the cerebella of six autopsied subjects with Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD) and ten non-ATD autopsied subjects between the ages of 78 and 90. Neither SP nor amyloid angiopathy (AA) was observed in any of the non-ATD subjects. In the four of the six ATD subjects, diffuse plaques in the molecular layer were seen as ill-defined areas of fine fibrillar materials by protein immunostaining with formic acid pretreatment, the modified Bielschowsky stain, and periodic acid-methenamine silver (PAM) stain. The plaques were not visible with Bodian, Congo red, or periodic acid-Schiff stains. Compact plaques in the Purkinje cell or in the granular cell layers were found in three of the six subjects. Their amyloid core was often surrounded by areolar amyloid deposits. AA was observed in three of the six subjects. The argyrophilia of the diffuse and compact plaques, demonstrated by the modified Bielschowsky and PAM stains, became undetectable when the sections were first treated with formic acid. Such treatment made the plaques immunoreactive with protein antiserum. The findings suggested that cerebellar diffuse plaques and compact plaques consist mainly of an amyloid component, and are characteristic of ATD.     

白细胞介素-1基因多态性与高血压易感性的研究

目的　观察白细胞介素 - 1(interleukin- 1,IL- 1)基因多态性在中国汉族人群中的分布及其与原发性高血压 (essential hypertension,EH)的关系 ,初步分析其基因型与 EH易感性的相关性。方法　应用聚合酶链反应和限制性片段长度多态性的方法 ,检测湖北省汉族 15 2例 EH患者和 16 8名正常对照者的IL- 1基因多态性 ,包括 IL- 1α(- 889C/ T)位点、IL- 1β(- 5 11C/ T)位点、IL- 1β( 395 3C/ T)位点、IL- 1Ra( 80 0 6 T/ C)位点多态性以及 IL- 1Ra第 2内含子可变数串联重复序列多态性。结果　IL- 1α(- 889C/ T)位点、IL- 1β( 395 3C/ T)位点、IL- 1Ra( 80 0 6 T/ C)位点多态性和 IL- 1Ra可变重复序列多态性在 EH组和正常人群中的分布差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,而 IL- 1β(- 5 11C/ T)位点多态性在两组人群中的分布差异存在显著性 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,携带 CT基因型罹患 EH的危险性可增加 2 .5 4倍。结论　 IL- 1β基因启动子区 - 5 11位点 C/ T多态性可能与 EH易感性存在相关关系。     

A combination of interleukin-6 and its soluble receptor impairs sperm motility: implications in infertility associated with endometriosis

BACKGROUND: We previously reported that the level of interleukin (IL)-6 is increased in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis. This study was undertaken to assess the effects of IL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) on in vitro sperm motility. METHODS: Sperm (n = 20) were cultured with IL-6 or sIL-6R, or with a combination of both. After 24 h cultures, sperm motility was evaluated using a computer-assisted semen analysis system. Gene and protein expressions of IL-6, IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), and glycoprotein 130 (gp130) were examined in sperm by RT-PCR analysis and western blot analysis. RESULTS: Addition of IL-6 or sIL-6R individually to the culture media had no affect on sperm motion. However, adding a combination of IL-6 and sIL-6R dose-dependently reduced the percentage of motile and rapidly moving sperm. Adding anti-IL-6R antibody abolished these adverse effects. Sperm expressed the gp130 gene and protein, but not IL-6 or IL-6R. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of IL-6 and sIL-6R may be associated with gp130 expressed in the sperm and reduce sperm motility. IL-6 and sIL-6R may contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis-associated infertility.     

肿瘤转移抑制基因nm23—H1 mRNA在乳腺癌中的转录表达

目的：探讨nm23—H1基因mRNA在乳腺患组织中的表达及其与临床的关系．方法:采用半定量RT—PCR方法，检测30例乳腺患组织nm23—H1的表达．结果:①淋巴结阳性的原发灶组织nm23—H1 mRNAA表达明显低于淋巴结阴性的原发灶组织，Ⅲ期乳腺患组织nm23—H1 mRNA水平较Ⅰ、Ⅱ期的明显低．②多因素分析发现淋巴结转移与nm23—H1 mRNA的表达有显著性相关．结论nm23—H1基因mRNA表达强度与淋巴结转移呈负相关．在乳胰患转移过程中，nm23—H1 mRNA起重要的作用。     

牛IL-18基因的克隆及遗传进化分析

目的：克隆牛白细胞介素18（IL-18）全基因，并对其进行序列分析。方法：从ConA刺激培养的牛外周血淋巴细胞提取总RNA，利用巢式RT-PCR方法扩增出牛IL-18全长cDNA，将其克隆到pMDl8-T载体上，测序后进行序列分析。结果：成功地克隆到了牛IL-18全基因，序列分析表明，实验中所克隆到的牛IL-18序列与GeneBank所登录的牛IL-18核苷酸序列及其推导氨酸序列同源性分别是99．5％和99％。与人、猕猴、野猪、山羊属、马等核苷酸序列及其推导氨基酸序列同源性分别在84．9％-99．5％和74．9％～99％之间，研究结果在国内还未见报道。结论：成功地从牛外周血中克隆到了牛IL-18的基因，其全长为598bp。