Membrane carbohydrates of lymphoid cells: the receptor for interleukin 2

The contribution of sialic acids and of N-linked sugars to the biological activity of the receptor for IL 2 has been evaluated by treating activated cells with Neuraminidase or by growing them in the presence of inhibitors of N-linked glycosylation or processing. After treatment with Neuraminidase, Con A-activated spleen cells had not lost their ability to bind IL 2. The IL 2-absorbing capability was, however, strongly reduced after trypsinisation. 6 hours after Trypsin treatment, this property was again expressed. Proliferation of the IL 2-dependent CTLL cells was normal in the presence of Swainsonine but strongly impaired in the presence of Tunicamycin. Glycosylation of the IL 2 receptor may thus be required, but integrity of the sugars is not critical.     

TGF-β1 Null Mutation Leads to CD154 Upregulated Expression in Affected Tissues

The TGF-1(–/–) mouse is a murine model for systemic autoimmune disease. The aim of this study is to elucidate the immunological mechanism that leads to multifocal tissue inflammation and autoantibody production in TGF-1(–/–) mice. Heart, lung, liver, and salivary gland from TGF-1(–/–) were assessed for CD154 expression by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Compared to wild-type littermates, CD154 expression was elevated in all tissues studied. Furthermore, IL-12 mRNA was expressed in the salivary gland and heart of TGF-1(–/–) mice and not in wild-type littermates. This suggests that the CD154 pathway is activated in these tissues. This shows that TGF-1 regulates CD154 expression leading to spontaneous IL-12 production and autoimmunity.     

体内和体外实验中马桑内酯对大鼠大脑皮质神经元白细胞介素-2受体表达的影响

为了探讨免疫调质与癫痫发病机制的关系，本文应用免疫细胞化学PAP法对体内和体外实验中马桑内酯（致痫剂）对大鼠大脑皮质种经元白细胞介素-2受体表达的影响进行了研究．在体内实验中，对照经大鼠大脑皮质仅见少量弱阳性白细胞介素-2受体免疫反应神经元，其免疫反应性定位于种经元膜上．大鼠一侧侧脑室注射马桑内酯诱发癫痫后，大脑皮质白细胞介素-2受体阳性神经元明显增多，免疫反应增强．在体外实验中，用马桑内酯温育培养大双皮质神经元24h，其白细胞介素2受体阳性神经元也比对照组增加了1．5倍，免疫染色加深．本实验结果提示，大脑皮质神经元上的白细胞介素-2受体可能参与癫痫的病理机制．     

人可溶性IL-6R基因在COS7细胞中的表达及活性分析

目的在ＣＯＳ７细胞中表达具有生物学功能的人可溶性ＩＬ－６Ｒ（ｓＩＬ－６Ｒ），作为研究ｓＩＬ－６Ｒ结构与功能关系的基础。方法首先利用ＰＣＲ技术扩增出人可溶性ＩＬ－６Ｒ（ｈｓＩＬ－６Ｒ）编码基因片段，并重组入克隆载体ｐＡＬＴＥＲ－１。通过基因序列分析确定了目的基因的核苷酸序列，并进一步构建了由ＳＶ４０晚期启动子和ＨＣＭＶ早期启动子控制的表达质粒ｐＳＶＬ６Ｒ和ｐＣＭＶ６Ｒ。用脂质体介导的方法将表达质粒转染ＣＯＳ７细胞，并分别在ｍＲＮＡ水平（斑点杂交）和蛋白水平（ＥＬＩＳＡ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ－ｂｌｏｔ）检测ｓＩＬ－６Ｒ基因在ＣＯＳ７细胞中的表达。在７ＴＤ１，ＬＴ１２两种ＩＬ－６反应细胞系上检测转染细胞上清（含ｓＩＬ－６Ｒ）的生物学活性。结果在ｍＲＮＡ水平和蛋白水平分别检测到ｓＩＬ－６Ｒ基因在ＣＯＳ７细胞中的表达，表达产物分子量约为５００００。表达产物在７ＴＤ１，ＬＴ１２细胞系上检测到明显的生物学活性。结论天然ｓＩＬ－６Ｒ基因在ＣＯＳ７细胞中的成功表达为进一步制备ｓＩＬ－６Ｒ突变体及其结构与功能关系的研究奠定了基础     

rhIL－6、rhGM－CSF和rhEPO对人骨髓造血干细胞的调节作用

重组人白细胞介素６（ｒｈＩＬ－６）和重组人粒—单细胞集落刺激因子（ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）与正常人造血干细胞培养１周后，ｒｈＩＬ－６组干细胞数增至４．７±０．７倍；ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ组增至９．３±１．０倍；ｒｈＩＬ－６＋ＧＭ—ＣＳＦ组增至１３．４±３．３倍。与对照组比较，Ｐ均＜０．０１．造血干细胞ＣＦＵ－Ｅ集落分析：ｒｈＩＬ－６组未见ＣＦＵ－Ｅ集落形成；ｒｈＩＬ－６＋ＥＰＯ组则ＣＦＵ－Ｅ集落明显高于ｒｈＥＰＯ组，ｐ＜０．０１．造血干细胞ＣＦＵ－Ｍｉｘ集落分析：ｒｈＩＬ－６组和ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ组可见ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ浆落，无ＣＦＵ＋Ｍｉｘ集落形成；ｒｈＩＬ－６＋ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ组有ＣＦＵ－Ｍｉｘ集落形成；ｒｂＩＬ－６＋ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ＋ＥＰＯ联合应用，有ＣＦＵ－ｎ，ｍ，Ｍ，Ｅ混合集落数增多。实验结果提示ｒｈＩＬ－６对造血干细胞有直接的刺激作用，主要刺激粒—单系组细胞增殖。ｒｈＩＬ－６与ｒｈＥＰＯ有协同作用，能促进ｒｈＥＰＯ刺激红系祖细胞的作用。ｒｈＩＬ－６与ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ亦有协同作用，可以刺激多能干细胞形成混合集落。     

Gastric mucosal lesions caused in rats of different strains by emotional stress,and the protective effect of interleukin 1β

Acute emotional stress results in damage to gastric mucous membranes in August, Wag, and particularly Wistar rats. The damage is less severe in rats preinjected with inter-leukin 1β into a lateral ventricle of the cerebrum. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 3, pp. 238–239, March, 1994     

IL-1β诱导体外培养的大鼠中脑黑质神经元c-jun表达

应用细胞原位杂交技术，观察经重组小鼠白细胞介素-19（IL-1β）处理后的体外培养的新生1d大鼠中脑黑质神经元c－jun基因的表达．结果显示，培养的黑质细胞多为酪氨酸羟化酶阳性神经元，IL-1β可诱导体外培养的黑质神经元c－junmRNA表达，高水平的表达出现在IL-1β处理后2～4h。说明IL－1β有兴奋黑质神经元的作用，并提示黑质神经元上可能存在IL－1β受体．     

炎症因子对肾小球系膜细胞分泌IL—8的影响

目的：观察炎症因子ＩＬ－１及肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）对人肾小球系膜细胞（ＨＭＣ）分泌ＩＬ－８的影响。方法：体外细胞培养技术及ＥＬＩＳＡ夹心法。结果：ＩＬ－１、ＴＮＦ均可诱导ＨＭＣ分泌ＩＬ－８，并呈剂量依赖性。结论：在一些炎症因子刺激下，ＨＭＣ可能通过分泌趋化因子ＩＬ－８参与肾脏炎症反应的启动和维持     

妊高征患者治疗前后血清TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8检测的临床意义

目的：探讨了妊高征患者治疗前后血清TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8水平的变化及意义。方法：采用放射免疫分析对36例妊高征患者进行了血清TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8水平检测并与35名正常孕妇作比较。结果：在治疗前血清TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8水平非常显著地高于正常孕妇组（P〈0．01），经治疗后2周，血清TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8水平与正常孕妇组比较，无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论：炎性细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8在妊高征的发病机理中具有重要的作用，有一定的临床价值。     

T-lymphocyte activation in IgA nephropathy: Serum-soluble interleukin 2 receptor level,interleukin 2 production,and interleukin 2 receptor expression by cultured lymphocytes

The present study was undertaken to examine the T-lymphocyte activation in IgA nephropathy. Serum-soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL2R) levels were studied in 29 IgA nephritic patients, 17 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (non-IgA nephropathy), and 30 healthy controls during an infection-free period. No difference in serum sIL2R level was demonstrated among these three groups of subjects. However, the serum sIL2R levels of IgA nephritic patient rose significantly during clinical exacerbation with synpharyngitic macroscopic hematuria and the serum sIL2R levels fell when hematuria subsided. Mitogen-stimulated cellular interleukin 2 receptor (IL2R) expression, sIL2R release, and interleukin 2 (IL2) production were also examined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultured for 24–48 hr in 21 patients with IgA nephropathy, 17 patients with chronic glomerulonephritides, and 17 healthy controls. The total cellular IL2R expression and sIL2R release did not differ among these three groups of subjects. However, the individual T-cell subsets bearing IL2R were distinctly different between IgA nephritic patients and the other two groups of controls. IgA nephritic patients had increased activated CD4+ lymphocytes and reduced activated CD8+ lymphocytes. Furthermore, IL2 production in response to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen stimulation was increased in lymphocytes from patients with IgA nephropathy. The IL2 production did not correlate with the quantities of cellular and sIL2R yet the cellular IL2R expression paralleled the sIL2R released by cultured lymphocytes. Our present study suggests that the T lymphocytes from patients with IgA nephropathy have a defect in overproduction of IL2 and increased activated T helper-cell subset upon mitogenic stimulation. Serum measurement of sIL2R could potentially be useful in monitoring the disease activity.