急性出血坏死性胰腺炎大鼠肾上腺病理及功能的变化

目的 建立急性出血坏死性胰腺炎(AHNP)大鼠肾上腺损伤的病理评分标准,观察肾上腺病理损伤和血清皮质酮的变化.方法 将106只大鼠分为假手术组(SO组)和胰腺炎组(AHNP组),设立0、1、3、6、12、24h时间点,其中AHNP12h组11只,24h组15只,其他各时间点均为8只.用5％牛磺胆酸钠溶液(0.1 ml/100 g)逆行胰胆管注射法造模,测定血清淀粉酶、皮质酮水平,观察胰腺和肾上腺病理表现,并进行评分.结果 AHNP组大鼠血清淀粉酶和胰腺病理评分进行性升高,血清皮质酮在1h达高峰,为1252.7μg/L,维持至3h,为1214.1 μg/L,然后迅速下降,至12、24h低于SO组同期皮质酮水平(P＞0.05).肾上腺病理评分逐渐升高,在1～3h之间病理改变最快,由2.08分升至5.26分,3h后病理损伤减慢,12h(7.14分)与24h(7.53分)病理评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 在皮质酮水平处于高峰时,肾上腺皮质病理改变加重最快,此时对肾上腺进行保护治疗,可能是防治胰腺炎相关肾上腺功能不全的关键期.     

益经汤治疗肝郁肾虚型早发性卵巢功能不全30例临床观察

目的观察益经汤治疗肝郁肾虚型早发性卵巢功能不全的临床疗效。方法将60例肝郁肾虚型早发性卵巢功能不全患者采用随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,各30例。治疗组于月经干净后第1天开始服用益经汤(经期停服),对照组于月经周期第1天开始口服芬吗通,3个月经周期为1个疗程,1个疗程后比较2组的临床疗效以及治疗前后的中医证候积分,血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)、抗苗勒管激素(AMH)水平,卵巢窦卵泡数。结果对照组总有效率为73.33%(22/30),治疗组为93.33%(28/30),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后2组中医证候积分及血清FSH、LH水平均明显降低,血清E2、AMH水平及卵巢窦卵泡数均明显升高,与同组治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且治疗组对各项指标的改善作用更明显,与对照组治疗后比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论益经汤治疗肝郁肾虚型早发性卵巢功能不全临床疗效显著,可明显改善患者临床症状,有效调节激素水平,促进排卵,且无明显不良反应,值得临床推广应用。     

非孕期与孕期腹腔镜下改良式宫颈环扎术治疗宫颈机能不全的疗效比较

目的 探讨非孕期与孕期腹腔镜下改良式宫颈环扎术（MLTCC）治疗宫颈机能不全的安全性及疗效。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2018年12月于沈阳市妇婴医院因宫颈机能不全行MLTCC的患者共92例,按手术时机分为非孕期组（n=58）和孕期组（n=34）。比较两组手术相关指标、术后妊娠情况及新生儿结局,同时比较MLTCC不同环扎参数对妊娠结局的影响。结果 非孕期及孕期手术成功率分别为86.7%、94.3%。孕期组术中失血量多于非孕期组（80.0 mL vs.22.5 mL,P=0.002）。两组宫颈环扎手术时间、术后住院时间、围手术期及远期并发症发生率、手术成功率、妊娠晚期宫颈长度、术后妊娠结局（分娩孕周、晚期流产率、早产率、足月产率）及新生儿结局（新生儿存活率、体质量、患病率）比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。不同环扎参数（环扎带数量及打结数目）下分娩孕周、新生儿体质量及妊娠晚期宫颈长度比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 MLTCC可有效改善宫颈机能不全患者术后妊娠结局;与孕期手术相比,非孕期手术可获得相似效果,但手术风险更小;双重环扎及增加环扎带打结数量对术后妊娠结局均无明显影响。     

Effect of Electroacupuncture on Spermatogenesis in Rats with Oligozoospermia of Insufficiency of Shen (Kidney) Essence Syndrome

Objective: To assess the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on expression of cytoskeletal proteins from Sertoli cells(SCs) and spermatogenesis in rats with oligozoospermia of insufficiency of Shen(Kidney)essence syndrome(OIKES).Methods: Twenty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups using a random number table: control,tripterygium glycosides(TG) treatment,sham and EA groups(n=5 in each group).A rat model of OIKES was established by oral gavage with TG.The EA group was treated with TG and received EA at Shenshu(BL 23) and Zusanli(ST 36) acupoints for 20 min,once daily for 30 days,while the sham group received EA at identical acupoints with skin penetration without stimulation.After 30 days,the ?nal body weight and coef?cients for the testis and epididymis were calculated and sperm parameters were measured.Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to detect expression of vimentin and α-tubulin in SCs and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) immunoreactivity in germ cells.Apoptosis in germ cells was quanti?ed by the transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling assay.Results: Compared with the control group,the final body weight and testis/epididymis coefficients of rats in the TG-treated group were not significantly different,but the sperm count and motility were lower(P0.05).Expressions of vimentin and α-tubulin were also signi?cantly weaker(P0.01).The PCNA immunoreactivity of germ cells was decreased(P=0.059),whereas the apoptotic index of germ cells was increased signi?cantly(P0.01).In contrast,EA at BL 23 and ST 36 acupoints signi?cantly improved the ?nal body weight as well as the sperm count,concentration and motility(P0.01 or P0.05).EA increased expression of vimentin and α-tubulin in SCs markedly,and signi?cantly enhanced PCNA immunoreactivity with decreased apoptosis in germ cells(P0.01 or P0.05).Conclusions: EA at BL 23 and ST 36 acupoints has protective effects on spermatogenesis in rats with OIKES.This effect seems to be achieved by attenuating TG-induced disruption of cytoskeletal protein in SCs.     

低氧预处理人脐带间充质干细胞治疗早发性卵巢功能不全小鼠的效果研究

目的 探索人脐带间充质干细胞（human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,hUCMSCs）及其经低氧预处理后对早发性卵巢功能不全（premature ovarian insufficiency,POI）小鼠的治疗作用。方法 从脐带中分离、培养出hUCMSCs,利用白消安和环磷酰胺诱导形成小鼠POI模型,分别使用正常hUCMSCs和经低氧预处理的hUCMSCs对POI小鼠进行治疗。实验结束时,测量各组（n=15）小鼠血浆中雌二醇（estradiol,E2）、卵泡刺激素（follicle stimulating hormone,FSH）及抗苗勒管激素（anti Mullerian hormone,AMH）浓度,对卵巢进行组织病理学检查,计数卵泡数量。结果 经过hUCMSCs和低氧预处理hUCMSCs治疗的小鼠血浆E2及AMH浓度,与模型对照组比较,呈升高趋势;且AMH浓度差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;与模型对照组比较,hUCMSCs和低氧预处理hUCMSCs治疗组小鼠卵巢组织中生长卵泡明显增多、闭锁卵泡明显减少（P<0.05）;卵巢颜色红润,尺寸增大,几乎没有坏死点,卵泡大、透明度好,整体来看与正常对照组卵巢状态相似;且经低氧预处理hUCMSCs治疗的小鼠,其生长卵泡和闭锁卵泡数量更趋于正常。结论 hUCMSCs移植及hUCMSCs低氧预处理后移植治疗均能够有效恢复POI小鼠的激素浓度,促进卵巢功能的恢复。     

肾移植术后早期发生急性呼吸衰竭的原因及机械通气的应用价值

目的分析肾移植术后早期发生急性呼吸衰竭的原因,探讨机械通气在抢救中的价值。方法对16例肾移植术后1个月内发生急性呼吸衰竭的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果发生呼吸衰竭的主要原因为心力衰竭所致的肺水肿和严重的肺部感染;按是否发生心力衰竭,将患者分为心力衰竭组和非心力衰竭组,发现心力衰竭组患者年龄大、术前血压高、接受血液透析的时间长、呼吸衰竭发生早,但需要机械通气治疗的时间短于非心力衰竭组;机械通气能迅速提高血氧分压,纠正缺氧,维持血氧分压在理想的水平。结论肾移植患者术后早期发生呼吸衰竭的主要原因是心力衰竭所致的急性肺水肿和严重的肺部感染;机械通气在治疗中有着重要的价值,为原发病的治疗赢得时间,从而改善患者的预后。     

Insufficiency risk of esophagojejunal anastomosis after total abdominal gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma

Background The outcome and quality of surgical treatment in gastric cancer are closely associated with specific postoperative morbidity and mortality, in addition to an oncosurgically adequate resection status. In this context, a preventive concept of decreasing the insufficiency rate of esophageal anastomosis may have a great impact.Method Over a time period of 12 months (from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2002), 1,199 patients (from 80 East German hospitals) with gastric carcinoma, carcinoma of the esophagogastral junction, or gastrointestinal stroma tumor (GIST) were enrolled in this prospective multicenter observational study with the aim of evaluating their early postoperative outcome. By means of a logistic regression analysis, independent variables, which alter significantly the healing of esophagojejunal anastomosis, were determined; in addition, their clinical impact on preventive management to lower the insufficiency rate of esophageal anastomosis was investigated.Results In 1,139 patients, histological investigation revealed gastric carcinoma. Out of these patients, 1,031 subjects underwent surgical intervention (90.5%) and 891 individuals underwent resection (86.4%). In 813 patients, radical resection (subtotal resection and gastrectomy) was executed (78.9%), whereas in 726 cases, R₀ resection was achieved (81.5%). Gastrectomy was the preferred procedure in 649 patients, resulting in a gastrectomy rate of 62.9% relating to all patients who underwent operation (curative and palliative intention, 80.3% and 19.7%, respectively). The insufficiency rate of esophagojejunal anastomosis was 5.7% (37/649). Neither the comparison between the various procedures for the reconstruction of the esophagojejunal passage and anastomosing techniques after gastrectomy nor that between gastrectomies with curative and palliative intention revealed any significant difference. Dysphagia and gastric outlet syndrome due to a stenosis were determined as independent variables by a logistic regression analysis of all preoperative and intraoperative variables. In all patients with gastric carcinoma, both parameters were recorded in 9.9% (113/1,139) and 6.7% (76/1,139), respectively.Conclusion Dysphagia and gastric stenosis, which significantly influence the healing of esophagojejunal anastomosis after gastrectomy, are considered characteristics of an advanced tumor growth and a pretherapeutic lack of an adequate nutrition. This emphasizes the necessity of an early diagnosis of gastric cancer in order to lower perioperative morbidity. In addition, dysphagia is commonly associated with an obstruction of the upper gastrointestinal tract, which can lead to nutritional deficits, and thus deserves specific care during preventive management.     

MRA与DSA在椎动脉型颈椎病诊断中的应用比较

目的对比椎动脉磁共振造影(magneticresonanceangiography,MRA)与数字减影血管造影(digitalsubtractionangiography,DSA)诊断椎动脉型颈椎病的意义。方法自2001年11月至2004年2月,共收集临床诊断为椎动脉型颈椎病的患者35例,男11例,女24例;年龄23～76岁,平均58.3岁。同时行MRA及DSA检查,观察椎动脉的走行、管径、是否存在狭窄及狭窄部位等。结果DSA检查有阳性发现者32例,其中单侧椎动脉受累19例,双侧受累13例。MRA有阳性发现者29例,其中单侧椎动脉受累14例,双侧受累15例。除5例MRA阳性而DSA阴性外,其他MRA与DSA均为阳性。两种方法对管腔变细的诊断吻合率为100%。DSA对局限性狭窄及单侧缺如的诊断优于MRA。MRA对颈椎不稳及增生导致的椎动脉迂曲变形等表现的诊断阳性率高于DSA。结论(1)椎动脉DSA检查对局限性压迫及动力性压迫的诊断较准确,对椎动脉压迫来源较易作出判断,检查中可变换体位。缺点是为有创检查,存在造影剂副反应及用量的限制。(2)MRA为无创检查,容易诊断弥漫性、长节段狭窄及闭塞,对合并其他类型颈椎病患者较适用。可同时扫描颈椎间盘、脊髓及颈部其他血管,以进行鉴别诊断。适用于临床诊断不明确、高龄不能耐受DSA检查的患者。MRA的不足之处是对局部微小部位的狭窄或非闭塞性病变的诊断率低,检查中无法随时变换体位。     

针对性护理对重度烧伤伴并发症患者创面恢复及生存质量的影响

目的 分析针对性护理对重度烧伤伴并发症患者创面恢复及生存质量的影响。方法 选取邯郸 钢铁集团有限责任公司职工医院烧伤整形科2021年6月-2022年9月收治的68例重度烧伤伴并发症患者为 研究对象,依据随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,各34例。对照组行常规护理干预,观察组给予针对 性护理,比较两组护理干预后疼痛情况（VAS评分）、创面恢复情况（愈合时间及愈合率）、生活质量 （BSHS-A量表评分）。结果 观察组干预后VAS评分低于对照组,愈合时间及愈合率优于对照组,差异 有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组干预后躯体功能、社会关系、心理功能、一般健康状况评分均高于干预 前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 对重度烧伤伴并发症的患者实施针对 性护理干预可缩短创面愈合时间,促进创面愈合,同时可提高患者生活质量,减轻疼痛程度,值得临床 应用。     

小儿室缺伴主动脉瓣关闭不全的外科疗效分析

总结小儿室间隔缺损（ＶＳＤ）伴主动脉瓣关闭不全（ＡＩ）的外科治疗效果及其影响因素。随访８２例ＶＳＤ伴ＡＩ病儿的诊治和预后情况，并对多种影响因素进行ｔ检验及多元线性回归分析。结果显示，小儿ＶＳＤ合并ＡＩ发生率约为７．０７％，其中干下型ＶＳＤ伴ＡＩ占总数的１９．５８％；膜周型为４．１８％。本组８２例中６４例单纯行ＶＳＤ修补术，１８例行ＶＳＤ修补加主动脉瓣成形术。术后随访５个月～１２年，无并发症，无近远期死亡，残余反流无１例较术前加重。结论：ＡＩ的程度、ＶＳＤ类型及术前心胸比率等对选择手术方法有指导意义，且对主动脉瓣成形术的疗效有着重要影响