早期透析患者的生活指导

血透室护士能根据不同患者的年龄、病因和病情给予针对性的护理,对早期透析患者进行适宜的生活指导,提高患者对疾病的认识,在辅助治疗、延长生命上具有比较重要的意义。     

基于“工作过程”导向和“课程中心”平台的小儿推拿案例式教学

分析小儿推拿的临床现状,提出基于＂工作过程＂导向的课程观,注重以工作任务为中心设计和组织教学内容,在学校教学网络＂课程中心＂平台的辅助下采用案例式教学法,有利于激发学生的学习动机,提高学生自主学习能力,加强临床思维和实践能力,并且在教学中能够充分发挥教师的专业知识和人文精神,对深化中医临床课程的改革具有一定的探索意义。     

Effect of oral health intervention on cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults: A randomized controlled trial

PurposeThe incidence of dementia is rapidly increasing worldwide, especially in developed countries. Little is known regarding the effectiveness of dental intervention to prevent dementia or a decline in cognitive functions among community-dwelling older adults, but a few studies have reported a correlation between the lack of regular dental checkups and dementia. For that reason, this study aimed to investigate the effects of oral health intervention on cognitive functions in community-dwelling subjects with a mild cognitive decline via a randomized controlled trial.Patients and methodsFifty-five community-dwelling older adults with a Mini-Mental State Examination score of ≥21 to ≤26 who had not visited a dental clinic in the previous year were randomized to an intervention group (n = 28) or a control group (n = 29). The intervention group received monthly oral health intervention by dental hygienists for 8 months while the control group did not. Data on demographics, cognitive function and oral parameters were collected before and after the intervention.ResultsTwenty-five subjects in the intervention group (mean age 77.0 years) and 25 in the control group (mean age 72.8 years) completed the study. Significant improvements were observed in the Trail Making Test (TMT)-A, TMT-B, bleeding on probing rate, oral diadochokinesis, tongue pressure and chewing ability in the intervention group (P < 0.05). There were also significant interactions between the TMT-A and TMT-B scores, oral diadochokinesis, tongue pressure and chewing ability (P < 0.05).ConclusionOral health intervention by dental hygienists may be effective for improving the oral health and executive function of cognitive function assessed via TMT.     

Exploring youth and caregiver preferences for asthma education video content

Objective: This study examines (1) whether youth and their caregivers have different preferences for asthma education video topics and (2) if education topic preferences vary by youth and caregiver sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: Youth (n?=?83) ages 7–17 years with persistent asthma and their caregivers were recruited at two pediatric practices in North Carolina. Sociodemographic information and youth and caregiver preferences for nine asthma video education topics were collected during in-person interviews. Bonferroni-corrected Chi-square or McNemar tests (α?=?0.0056) were used to compare youth and caregivers differences in topic preferences and topic preferences by youth and caregiver sociodemographic characteristics, including gender, race, ethnicity, and age. Results: Youth were primarily male (52%) and from low-income families (74%; caregiver annual income less than $30 000) and many were Hispanic (45%). Youth and parents expressed the most interest in the following two topics: “how to deal with triggers” (90% and 95%, respectively) and “how to keep asthma under control” (87% and 96%, respectively). Caregivers and children were discordant for two topics: “the difference between a rescue and controller medicine” and “how to [help your child] talk to your [his/her] friends about asthma.” No differences were found between youth and caregiver sociodemographic characteristics and video topic preferences. Conclusions: Youth with persistent asthma and their caregivers differed in their asthma education topic preferences, but preferences did not vary by caregiver or youth sociodemographic characteristics. Studies examining the effectiveness of interventions tailored to differences in educational preferences of youth with asthma and their caregivers are needed.     

阻生智牙拔除术后不同医嘱告知模式对

目的 比较阻生智牙拔除术后不同医嘱告知形式对疼痛、出血、肿胀等术后常见并发症发生率的影响,为降低智牙拔除术后并发症及提高患者满意度提供帮助。方法 随机选取2018年1月—2018年10月间在中南大学湘雅医院口腔颌面外科就诊的150例拔除下颌阻生智牙的患者,随机分为3组,每组50例。第1组术后接受术后医嘱口头告知,第2组术后医嘱书面告知,第3组术后医嘱口头和书面同时告知。术前获取患者的年龄、性别和受教育程度等个人信息。术后7 d记录并分析患者疼痛、出血、肿胀等并发症和对医疗行为满意度。采用SPSS 22.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果 150例受试者中,男69例,女81例,平均年龄（24.6±2.6）岁。结果表明,术后医嘱口头告知组患者的术后疼痛程度显著高于书面医嘱组（P=0.001）和口头加书面医嘱组（P=0.000）,患者满意度最低;同时接受口头和书面医嘱告知的患者,术后满意度最高。结论 术后医嘱告知方式可以显著影响下颌阻生智牙拔除术后的疼痛强度和患者满意度。     

互动式教学在人体寄生虫学实验教学中的应用

将互动式教学应用于寄生虫学实验教学,强化教学过程中学生的参与,注重师生之间及学生之间的互动交流,激发学生的学习兴趣,激活学生的学习动力,使其变被动学习为主动学习,明显提高了教学质量。     

阿司匹林肠溶缓释片临床服用方法探讨

目的：规范药品说明书,促进患者正确合理地服用阿司匹林肠溶缓释片。方法：结合临床用药实际,对阿司匹林肠溶缓释片说明书进行分析,探讨阿司匹林肠溶缓释片正确合理的服用方法。结果：阿司匹林肠溶缓释片应饭前空腹服用,而其药品说明书“用法用量”规定：本品宜在饭后用温水送服,不可空腹服用。由于阿司匹林肠溶缓释片说明书“用法用量”的不规范,临床上阿司匹林肠溶缓释片用药方法错误的情况普遍存在,这不但影响药品疗效的发挥,还易增加药品不良反应的发生率。结论：药品说明书是临床合理用药的重要参考依据,建议修订和完善阿司匹林肠溶缓释片说明书,为临床合理使用阿司匹林提供参考依据。     

银屑病患者外用药治疗知信行现状的调查研究

目的调查银屑病患者外用药治疗认知、态度、行为的现状,为采取针对性的护理干预提供参考。方法采用自行设计的银屑病患者外用药治疗知信行问卷对281例银屑病患者进行调查。结果银屑病患者对外用药治疗认知水平得分率45.5%;态度信念得分率76.6%;相关行为得分率53.6%。银屑病患者对外用药治疗的认知水平与态度呈正相关(P0.05);外用药治疗的态度与行为呈正相关(P0.05);认知水平与相关行为无明显相关关系(P0.05)。结论银屑病患者对外用药治疗知识相对缺乏,用药安全意识较弱,依从性较差。应加强对银屑病患者外用药治疗知识的培训及用药指导,帮助其建立正确的外用药治疗的健康信念,才能有效地促进正确、合理用药等健康行为的形成。