风湿免疫科护士正念对成就动机的影响研究

目的 探讨风湿免疫科护士正念对成就动机的影响,为护理管理者促进风湿免疫科护士的专业发展提供参考依据.方法 运用正念量表和成就动机量表对327名风湿免疫科护士进行测试.结果 风湿免疫科护士正念总均分为（3.18±0.37）分,处于中等水平;成就动机总均分为（0.51±0.09）分,且追求成功的动机高于避免失败的动机;觉知的行动、观察和描述能联合预测成就动机31.1％的变异量.结论 正念能有效联合预测风湿免疫科护士的成就动机,护理管理者应进一步培养风湿免疫科护士的正念水平以提高其成就动机水平.     

DNA vaccine therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection: immune control of a moving target

The use of DNA plasmids for DNA vaccination was first described in the early 1990s. DNA vaccinations were successful in small animal models but in larger animals and humans problems appeared. One major obstacle, effective delivery, has been partly overcome by new delivery techniques, such as transdermal delivery with the gene gun, and in vivo electroporation. We are entering a new era of DNA vaccination, where such techniques can be tested in humans. DNA vaccination may be a useful therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Patients with these infections have a reduced T cell response to the invading virus. The genetic variability of HCV, its immunomodulatory properties and high replication rate contribute to chronicity. By providing the correct stimulus T cells may be activated to clear the infection. The vaccination is intended to induce a coordinated immune-based attack on the continuously moving HCV target. If effective, this should help in clearing the infection.     

The role of cathelicidin and defensins in pulmonary inflammatory diseases

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) protect the epithelia of mucosal organs like the respiratory or the gastrointestinal tract from invading microorganisms. As an integral part of the innate immune system they display antimicrobial activity against Gram- and Gram-negative bacteria as well as against fungi and enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Besides their microbicidal effects they have important functions in the regulation of repair and inflammation. AMPs are sometimes referred to as ‘alarmins’ due to their ability to recruit, modulate and activate components of the immune system. In contrast, some AMPs suppress activation of the immune system. AMPs are also involved in tissue repair, cancer biology and angiogenesis. Based on their antimicrobial and immunomodulatoy functions, AMPs are probably involved in the pathogenesis of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the lung. Inborn or acquired deficiencies contribute to susceptibility to infection and colonisation. The potential pro-inflammatory role of AMPs contributes to the disease processes in inflammatory disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sepsis or pulmonary fibrosis. This review summarises the knowledge about the functions of AMPs in the pulmonary innate host defence system and their role in respiratory disease.     

Invasive fungal infections in the pediatric population

Alzheimer’s disease is a leading cause of dementia with a multifactorial and still barely understood etiology. A growing body of epidemiologic and experimental data support a role for infectious agents in this process; herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), in particular, is a strong suspect. We briefly summarize the data pointing at a pathogenic role for HSV-1 in the development of Alzheimer's disease and review results indicating that antiviral might be beneficial in the therapy of this condition.     

超声引导肝恶性肿瘤射频消融术与手术切除对细胞免疫影响的对比研究

目的探讨超声引导下射频消融术与手术切除术对肝癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法应用流式细胞仪检测,30例以射频消融为治疗方式和30例以手术切除为治疗方式的原发性肝癌患者的术前、术后T淋巴细胞亚群的变化。结果射频组术后10d和20d外周血中CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平均明显高于术前水平,CD8+明显低于术前,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),且持续时间较长。手术组外周血中CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平明显低于术前水平,CD8+明显高于术前,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。射频组术后10 d和20 d外周血中CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+均明显高于手术组,CD8+明显低于手术组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论射频消融治疗肝癌患者细胞免疫功能增强,手术治疗则免疫细胞功能下降。射频消融在保护与改善细胞免疫功能方面强于手术治疗方法。     

Protective immunity to malaria: studies with cloned lines of Plasmodium chabaudi and P. berghei in CBA/Ca mice. I. The effectiveness and inter-and intra-species specificity of immunity induced by infection

CBA/Ca mice were immunized by infection with cloned lines of Plasmodium berghei (isolates ANKA, KSP-11). Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (AS, CB) or Plasmodium chabaudi adami (DS) and then challenged with either homologous or heterologous parasites. Protective responses were assessed in immune mice relative to the controls by their ability to (i) extend the time taken for the mean parasitaemia to reach a predetermined level (1% or 0.1%) (ii) reduce peak parasitaemia (iii) resolve the parasitaemia sooner and/or (iv) control or eliminate recrudescences. At both the inter- and intra-species level, immunity appeared largely specific for the cloned line inducing it. At the interspecies level marginally effective cross-immunity was sometimes evident, thus P. berghei KSP-11 immune mice displayed some immunity against P.c. chabaudi AS, although immunity to this parasite was relatively ineffective against P. berghei ANKA or KSP-11. Cross-immunity was more apparent between the subspecies P.c. adami and P.c. chabaudi and between cloned lines of the latter parasite derived from the AS and CB isolates. These data reflect considerable inter- and intra-species structural and immunogenic differences in certain antigens of parasitized erythrocytes and merozoites, which have been identified in a number of murine malarias and associated with protective immunity. Similar differences recently identified in the equivalent antigens of the human parasite P. falciparum may therefore have important implications for protective immunity in man.     

Site potential for challenge attrition in mice, rats and guinea pigs vaccinated with irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni

The potential sites of attrition of a challenge population of schistosomes have been investigated in mice, rats and guinea pigs vaccinated with irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni, by the use of challenge regimens that permit sequential site elimination. Vaccinated mice showed significant immunity to a percutaneous cercarial challenge, but were only marginally resistant to an i.v. challenge with healthy lung stage worms. Vaccinated rats and guinea pigs differed from mice, in that they were able to mediate significant challenge attrition at post-skin sites. Healthy lung worms were subject to immune elimination by rats in the lungs, or perhaps en route to the liver, but not in the liver itself. In contrast, guinea pigs had the capacity to kill challenge lung worms injected into either the lungs or the liver. Interestingly, lung worms harvested by extended incubation were shown to be sub-optimal in terms of viability, since they were eliminated in significant numbers when injected i.v. into vaccinated mice. These data show that different hosts vaccinated in essentially the same manner differ in terms of their site potential for challenge attrition. It is emphasised however, that sites implicated by these experiments as having the capacity to mediate immune elimination are not necessarily the sites at which challenge attrition occurs under normal circumstances.