医院药学信息系统建设的实证模型

目的:为医院药学专业人员提供信息系统建设的思路。方法:描述长海医院药学信息化建设的实证模型。结果:提出了建设新型医院药学信息系统的理论和思路;通过流程优化、安全给药、合理用药和辅助决策4个方面的实例化建设介绍,论证了上述理论的可行性。结论:完善医院药学信息系统理论,有助于明确中国医院药学信息化建设目标,进一步推动医院药学的发展。     

护理人员信息行为研究

正确有效的信息行为是开展循证护理和护理研究的重要保障。根据Wilson信息寻求行为模型,将护理人员信息行为分为信息需求、信息查询、信息筛选、信息利用4个组成部分。并从情报学角度探讨信息行为各部分的具体表现及影响因素,从加强护理人员素质培养和信息建设两方面提出保障有效信息行为的措施。     

Reducing disparities in the access and use of Internet health information. a discussion paper

Internet health information is rated highly by users and is used to compensate for gaps in health information provided by health professionals. Greater understanding of health issues and changes to personal health management has been reported as a consequence of Internet use. However, there are significant disparities in the access and use of Internet health information linked to income, education and ethnicity. In this paper a case is presented that on-line health information particularly benefits the already privileged in terms of health care; well-educated people with access to economic resources. Several intervention points are suggested to improve Internet health information accessibility and use for all population groups. Interventions at an institutional level include improving equity of Internet access through the provision of free services at strategic sites and improving the readability and cultural acceptability of health information. Individually focused interventions involve skill development to enable effective navigation of Internet sites, identification of patient and families' information needs and support to develop evaluation skills. The effectiveness of these interventions in reducing disparities is reliant on nurses and other health professionals' expertise in accessing, evaluating and using Internet health information in their clinical practise. On-line health information is a powerful medium for quick and dynamic knowledge distribution. The challenge for nurses and other health professionals is directing that knowledge to the groups most disadvantaged in the current health care systems, with an agenda of reducing inequalities in access to health information.     

建立图书馆教师多媒体工作室的几点体会

结合建立图书馆教师多媒体工作室的实践，对软件的合理安装应用；设立多媒体素材库，按标准对各种素材进行加工组织以及对教师应用多媒体技术的业务培训等问题进行了探讨。     

Assessment of the psychological effects of genetic screening for hereditary hemochromatosis

Discovery of genetic variants of the HFE gene has made it possible to screen for hereditary hemochromatosis. However, genetic screening raises ethical, legal, social, and psychological questions, which need to be addressed. To assess the psychological impact on individuals undergoing genetic screening for hereditary hemochromatosis and to determine the effects of providing different levels of information to the participants. Male residents, aged 30–50 years (n = 10,993) were invited to a genetic screening for hereditary hemochromatosis. Carriers of the gene variants H63D, S65C, and C282Y were offered additional biochemical screening using serum ferritin and transferrin saturation. Psychological factors were evaluated through questionnaires before and after genetic and biochemical screening. According to genotype, participants were divided into three groups with different risks profiles for having/developing clinical hemochromatosis (at-risk, uncertain risk, no risk). Before completion of the questionnaires, 929 participants received only genetic information and 366 received both genetic and biochemical information. At-risk participants receiving only genetic information generally displayed negative reactions to the test result, whereas participants receiving both genetic and biochemical information were more satisfied and had fewer negative psychological reactions to the test result. Genetic screening is more readily accepted by subjects when genetic information is supported by biochemical measurements, especially in participants with a risk of clinical disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

对妇幼保健机构档案管理工作的探讨

妇幼保健机构的档案是发展妇幼保健事业的重要信息资源和依据,是妇幼保健机构长期积累的宝贵财富.多年来,档案资料在妇幼保健机构的各项决策部署、具体工作实施、妇幼疾病防治等工作中发挥了不可替代的资源优势作用.随着妇幼保健事业的日益发展,档案工作必将显示出越来越重要的作用.但由于种种因素的影响,妇幼保健机构档案管理工作在一定程度上还处于被动局面,不同程度地影响了档案工作为妇幼保健工作和社会服务功能的发挥.当前,档案工作必须紧紧围绕妇幼卫生事业新时期的新任务、新特点、新要求,以"服务全局工作,促进事业发展"为宗旨,改革不适合妇幼保健机构档案管理工作发展的旧模式,不断探讨新思路和新方法,更好地为妇幼保健工作和经济发展服务.＃     

北京地方志医学资料挖掘浅析

地方志作为"地方性的百科全书",因其全面性而往往为专业研究如医学研究所忽略,而其中却不乏丰富的医学资料。通过对北京地方志中的医学资料进行挖掘,发现涉及太医院、官办医药机构、社会福利机构、医家、流行病、土产药物、药王庙等内容,并对相关文献进行分析,以展现北京地方志医学资料情况,为后期进一步研究奠定基础。     

2004－2016年我国结核病流行的时空特征分析

目的 分析2004-2016年我国结核病登记病例的时空分布特征,探测聚集区域,为结核病防控提供理论依据。方法 利用ArcGIS 10.0软件作为数据管理和呈现的平台,建立我国2004-2016年结核病空间分析数据库,对结核病疫情进行空间自相关分析,采用SaTScan 9.6软件进行时空扫描分析。结果 2004-2016年全国共登记结核病病例13 157 794例,全国年均登记率为75.90/10万(27.95/10万~180.82/10万)。全局空间自相关结果显示结核病发病呈聚集性分布,局部Moran''s I自相关分析结果表明,新疆、西藏、贵州、广西和海南(省、自治区)为高-高聚集区域,北京、河北、天津、山东、江苏、上海(省、直辖市)为低-低聚集区域;局部G统计量热点分析结果显示,全国结核病疫情存在15个"热点"区域,其中3个"正热点"区域分别为新疆、西藏和海南(省、自治区), 12个"负热点"区域分别为北京、天津、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山东、江苏、安徽、上海、山西、河南和吉林(省、自治区、直辖市)。利用SaTScan 9.6软件进行分阶段时空扫描分析,3个阶段共探测出12个聚集区域,每个聚集区域差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 2004-2016年我国结核病疫情呈现逐年下降的趋势,各省(自治区、直辖市)的年均登记率并非随机分布,呈明显的空间聚集性,分阶段时空扫描聚集区域逐渐减少,结核病防治工作取得一定进展,但高风险地区仍持续存在,需重点关注并采取针对性防控措施。     

中国2001-2016年麻疹发病率时空分布特征

目的:分析我国麻疹病例时空分布和空间聚集性特征。方法:资料来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统传染病疫情报告监测系统2001-2016年全国麻疹病例数据,人口学数据来源于国家统计局。运用ArcGIS 10.2软件进行全局和局部空间自相关分析,运用SaTScan 9.6软件进行时空扫描分析。结果:2001-2016年全国共报告...     

Digital peer‐to‐peer information seeking and sharing: Opportunities for education and collaboration in newborn screening

Parents use the internet to connect with their peers and access information about a multitude of health topics, including newborn screening (NBS). As the NBS system evolves, education about NBS must be evaluated and updated to remain accessible and beneficial to parents. In this article, we aim to describe parents' current NBS educational needs and highlight areas to improve newborn screening education by detailing an analysis of NBS posts on an online parenting discussion platform. We analyzed a total of 317 discussion posts on BabyCenter®, finding that parents had questions about and desired support around many aspects of NBS including processes, results, and follow‐up. As a result of this analysis, three recommendations to improve NBS education were developed. Through collaboration and by leveraging technology, we can provide parents with accessible, timely, and desired NBS informational and social support.