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951.
Assessing the factors influencing continuous quality improvement implementation: experience in Korean hospitals. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sunhee Lee Kui-Son Choi Hye-Young Kang Woohyun Cho Yoo Mi Chae 《International journal for quality in health care》2002,14(5):383-391
OBJECTIVE: To assess the extent of continuous quality improvement (CQI) implementation in Korean hospitals and to identify its influencing factors. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study by mailed questionnaire survey. STUDY PARTICIPANTS: One hundred and seventeen staff members with responsibility for CQI at 67 hospitals with > or = 400 beds. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The degree of CQI implementation was measured using the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Criteria (MBNQAC). Factors related to the degree of CQI implementation were the four components of the CQI pyramid, namely the cultural, technical, strategic, and structural attributes of individual hospitals. RESULTS: The average CQI implementation score across the seven dimensions by MBNQAC was 3.34 on a 5-point scale. The highest score was achieved in the dimension of 'customer satisfaction' (3.88), followed by 'information/analysis' (3.59), and 'quality management' (3.35). Regression analysis showed that hospitals which better fulfilled technical requirements, such as improving information systems (P< 0.05), using more scientific CQI tools, and adopting systematic problem-solving approaches (P<0.01), tended to achieve higher degrees of CQI implementation. Although statistically insignificant, positive trends were observed for group/developmental culture and the degree of employee empowerment, and the use of prospective strategy. CONCLUSION: It appears that the most important contributing factors to active CQI implementation in Korean hospitals were the use of scientific skills in decision-making and the adoption of a quality information system capable of producing precise and valid information. 相似文献
952.
本文通过对现行医学信息教学中存在的比较突出的问题的分析,结合循证医学特点和继续教育的要求,提出了具体的解决对策。医学信息教学必须以信息素质为导向,突出时效性、实用性的方法学教学特征。 相似文献
953.
Lutz Roewer 《Forensic science, medicine, and pathology》2009,5(2):77-84
Since the beginning of the nineties the field of forensic Y chromosome analysis has been successfully developed to become
commonplace in laboratories working in crime casework all over the world. The ability to identify male-specific DNA renders
highly variable Y-chromosomal polymorphisms, the STR sequences, an invaluable addition to the standard panel of autosomal
loci used in forensic genetics. The male-specificity makes the Y chromosome especially useful in cases of male/female cell
admixture, namely in sexual assault cases. On the other hand, the haploidy and patrilineal inheritance complicates the interpretation
of a Y-STR match, because male relatives share for several generations an identical Y-STR profile. Since paternal relatives
tend to live in the geographic and cultural territory of their ancestors, the Y chromosome analysis has a potential to make
inferences on the population of origin of a given DNA profile. This review addresses the fields of application of Y chromosome
haplotyping, the interpretation of results, databasing efforts and population genetics aspects. 相似文献
954.
Juliette G. M. M. Hoevenaars Jan S. A. G. Schouten Bart Van Den Borne Henny J. M. Beckers Carroll A. B. Webers 《Acta ophthalmologica. Supplement》2008,86(8):849-855
Purpose: To identify specific items on knowledge and need for information that could be used to improve compliance with glaucoma medication. Methods: Forty‐four randomly selected ophthalmologists assigned 166 consecutive glaucoma patients to complete a questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed systematically based on focus group interviews, consultation of experts and a pilot test. Items included knowledge about glaucoma and its treatment, need for information and compliance with therapy. Results: No statistically significant correlation was found between the total level of knowledge and compliance. Concerning knowledge of glaucoma, one out of 19 items had a statistically significant negative correlation with compliance. Concerning knowledge of glaucoma treatment, one out of 18 items had a statistically significant positive correlation with compliance. Regarding total need for information, no statistically significant correlation with compliance was found. Three out of 22 items had a statistically significant positive correlation with compliance. Conclusion: Given the number of related items, their direction and limited strength of correlation and the difficulty of hypothesizing a causal relation for some items, it is unlikely that further improving knowledge will greatly improve compliance with glaucoma medication. Interventions focused on attitude and discipline may be of more benefit in improving compliance with therapy. 相似文献
955.
Stephen M Downs Peter C van Dyck Piero Rinaldo Clement McDonald R Rodrey Howell Alan Zuckerman Gregory Downing 《J Am Med Inform Assoc》2010,17(1):13-18
Capture, coding and communication of newborn screening (NBS) information represent a challenge for public health laboratories, health departments, hospitals, and ambulatory care practices. An increasing number of conditions targeted for screening and the complexity of interpretation contribute to a growing need for integrated information-management strategies. This makes NBS an important test of tools and architecture for electronic health information exchange (HIE) in this convergence of individual patient care and population health activities. For this reason, the American Health Information Community undertook three tasks described in this paper. First, a newborn screening use case was established to facilitate standards harmonization for common terminology and interoperability specifications guiding HIE. Second, newborn screening coding and terminology were developed for integration into electronic HIE activities. Finally, clarification of privacy, security, and clinical laboratory regulatory requirements governing information exchange was provided, serving as a framework to establish pathways for improving screening program timeliness, effectiveness, and efficiency of quality patient care services. 相似文献
956.
我院药剂科运行HIS系统过程中的几点改进措施 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
杨志雄 《中国民族民间医药杂志》2010,19(11):83-85
本文介绍了我院药剂科运行HIS系统过程中的电子签名、安全用药预警、网络故障应急、排对叫号、取药提醒标识、工作量统计和单据确认签名制度等改进措施,并对其科学性和有效性进行了分析和总结。 相似文献
957.
J. C. Berridge 《Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis》1989,7(12):1313-1321
The development of a new drug substance and its dosage forms demands the establishment and implementation of suitable analytical methods. Through the application of chemometrics, “intelligent” laboratory systems and integrated data handling systems, considerable progress is being made in automating both the development and routine use of analytical methods in pharmaceutical analysis. 相似文献
958.
DANIEL M. WALKER VALERIE A. YEAGER JOHN LAWRENCE ANN SCHECK MCALEARNEY 《The Milbank quarterly》2021,99(2):393
Policy Points
- Even though most hospitals have the technological ability to exchange data with public health agencies, the majority continue to experience challenges.
- Most challenges are attributable to the general resources of public health agencies, although workforce limitations, technology issues such as a lack of data standards, and policy uncertainty around reporting requirements also remain prominent issues.
- Ongoing funding to support the adoption of technology and strengthen the development of the health informatics workforce, combined with revising the promotion of the interoperability scoring approach, will likely help improve the exchange of electronic data between hospitals and public health agencies.
959.
Cynthia Stanton MPH PhD Carine Ronsmans MD DrPH the Baltimore Group on Cesarean 《分娩》2008,35(3):204-211
ABSTRACT: Background: Cesarean delivery rates are increasing rapidly in many developing countries, particularly among wealthy women. Poor women have lower rates, often so low that they do not reach the minimum rate of 1 percent. Little data are available on clinical indications for cesarean section, information that could assist in understanding why cesarean delivery rates have changed. This paper presents recommendations for routine reporting on indications for cesarean delivery in developing countries. These recommendations resulted from an international consultation of researchers held in February 2006 to promote the collection of comparable data to understand change in, or composition of, the cesarean delivery rate in developing countries. Methods: Data are presented from selected countries, categorizing cesareans by three classification systems. Results: A single classification system was recommended for use in both high and low cesarean delivery rate settings, given that underuse and overuse of cesarean section are evident within many populations. The group recommended a hierarchical categorization, prioritizing cesareans performed for absolute maternal indications. Categorization among the remaining nonabsolute indications is based on the primary indication for the procedure and include maternal and fetal indications and psychosocial indications, required for high cesarean delivery rate settings. Conclusions: Data on indications for cesarean sections are available everywhere the procedure is performed. All that is required is compilation and review at facility and at higher levels. Advocacy within ministries of health and medical professional organizations is required to advance these recommendations since researchers have inadequately communicated the health effects of both underuse and overuse of cesarean delivery. (BIRTH 35:3 September 2008) 相似文献
960.
Nerve impulses were recorded from sensory fibers supplying the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles of anesthetized cats as the ankle joint was moved from one end of the flexion-extension axis to the other and back again in steps of 6-7 degrees. The rate of movement from one position to the next was 40 deg/s and each position was held for 16-18 s. Plots were made of receptor discharge frequency as a function of ankle joint angle during joint movement (dynamic input-output (I-O) functions) as well as 2 and 15 s after movement terminated (2 and 15 s static I-O functions). Only receptors with a sustained (5s) static response within the physiological range were studied. A total of 229 tibialis anterior receptors met this criterion, of which 11 were identified as tendon organs. One hundred and five soleus receptors were studied, of which 6 were tendon organs. Thus tendon organ activity accounted for only a small part of the muscle afferent signal under passive conditions. The spindle receptors in soleus and tibialis anterior divided the ankle flexion-extension range about equally between them, those in soleus signaling over the flexion half of the range and those in tibialis anterior over the extension half. At angles where the receptors in a particular muscle did not signal joint angle, the tendon of the muscle was observed to be slack. Thus the total muscle afferent discharge in a relaxed animal is high at one end of the range, declines progressively as the ankle is displaced to an intermediate position, and then increases again as the joint moves toward the opposite end of the range. The spindle receptors within an individual muscle were recruited rather early as the muscle came under tension so that over most of a muscle's signaling range joint angle could have been coded by changes in receptor discharge frequency but not by which spindle receptors were active. To evaluate the information signaled by individual muscle spindle receptors, the following measurements were made from plots of impulse frequency vs joint angle: dynamic response, defined as the frequency difference between the dynamic and 2 s static I-O functions during muscle lengthening; adaptation, defined as the frequency difference between the 2 and 15 s static I-O functions during muscle lengthening.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) 相似文献