川芎嗪注射液联合利伐沙班对股骨颈骨折经髋关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的预防作用及对患者D-二聚体、IL-6、IL-10水平的影响

目的探讨川芎嗪注射液联合利伐沙班对股骨颈骨折经髋关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的预防作用及对患者D-二聚体、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平的影响。方法 2017年1月—2018年10月宜昌市第一人民医院收治120例股骨颈骨折并行髋关节置换术,随机分为利伐沙班组和川芎嗪注射液联合利伐沙班组,每组各60例。利伐沙班组中男性35例,女性25例;年龄46～76岁,平均66.7岁。川芎嗪注射液联合利伐沙班组中男性32例,女性28例,年龄44～74岁,平均66.1岁。术后,常规基础上,利伐沙班组给予利伐沙班治疗,川芎嗪注射液联合利伐沙班组给予川芎嗪注射液联合利伐沙班治疗。比较两组患者下肢DVT发生率、血浆D-二聚体水平、血清IL-6、IL-10等炎性因子水平及不良反应发生情况。结果术后2周,川芎嗪注射液联合利伐沙班组患者下肢DVT发生率低于利伐沙班组(6.7%vs. 20.0%,P<0.05)。术后2周,与利伐沙班组相比,川芎嗪注射液联合利伐沙班组患者血浆D-二聚体、血清IL-6水平降低,血清IL-10水平升高,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。药物应用过程中,两组患者不良反应发生率组间比较差异无统计学意义(13.3%vs. 16.7%,P>0.05)。结论川芎嗪注射液联合利伐沙班能够有效预防股骨颈骨折患者经髋关节置换术后下肢DVT发生,明显降低术后血浆D-二聚体水平,改善相关炎性因子水平,且不增加不良反应发生率,临床上值得应用。     

全身炎症反应综合征评分结合血小板计数诊断严重烧伤脓毒症

 目的 探讨全身炎症反应综合征(Systemic inflammatory response syndrome,SIRS)评分和血小板计数对诊断烧伤脓毒症的意义.方法 提出诊断重度SIRS的评分标准,总结严重烧伤后血小板计数的变化规律,观察血细菌培养阳性患者前4 d SIRS评分和血小板计数的变化.结果 烧伤脓毒症患者,血细菌培养阳性前4 d处于重度SIRS状态,血小板计数与严重烧伤后未发生脓毒症患者比较明显降低.结论 重度SIRS合并血小板计数降低提示烧伤脓毒症.     

TOLL样受体4对脂多糖致急性肺损伤大鼠炎症因子的影响

目的 探讨TOLL样受体4（TLR-4）表达对脂多糖诱导急性肺损伤（ALI）大鼠体内炎症因子的影响,明确阻断TLR-4表达对急性肺损伤的保护作用.方法 45只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为：正常对照组、ALI组和干预组,每组15只.ALI组和干预组采用静脉注射脂多糖（LPS）方法构建急性肺损伤模型,对照组注射等量的生理盐水.各组动物再按照观察时间点平均分为造模后6、12和24 h各3个亚组.测定各组肺组织TLR-4 mRNA表达以及支气管肺泡灌洗液中炎症因子浓度,观察各组大鼠肺组织的病理变化.结果 LPS可以导致肺泡腔内TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6浓度增加,阻断TLR-4受体会抑制炎症因子释放;ALI组的肺损伤评分高于干预组和正常对照组（3.3±1.1 vs.1.9±1.0 vs.1.2±0.9）.结论 阻断TLR-4表达能抑制脂多糖诱导ALI大鼠体内炎症因子分泌,减轻肺组织病理损害,能达到治疗ALI的作用.     

Proliferative responses in the placenta after endotoxin exposure in preterm fetal sheep

OBJECTIVES: Antenatal infections are associated with an increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Systemic application of endotoxins to the fetus results in an increase in placental vascular resistance and chronic reduction in umbilical blood flow. We studied morphological alterations of the placenta in response to fetal inflammation in the preterm sheep. STUDY DESIGN: Therefore, 14 fetal sheep were chronically instrumented at a mean gestational age of 107+/-1 days (term is 147 days). Four days after surgery fetuses received 100 ng lipopolysaccharide (LPS; n=8) or saline (control; n=6) intravenously. Fetal heart rate and arterial blood pressure were monitored continuously while blood gases and acid-base balance were measured at time points 0, +1, +3, +6, +12, +24, +48 and +72 h. Three days after LPS application placental cotyledons were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and morphometry. Different primary antibodies like AE 1 and AE 3 against cytokeratins were used. Secondary antibodies were visualized with 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole (AEC) or using the Vectastain kit (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). Double staining was carried out first by utilizing Vectastain kit (black), followed by AEC staining (red). Counterstaining was performed with haematoxylin. RESULTS: Fetal tachycardia and hypertension were induced transiently during the first 12h after LPS application. Fetuses suffered from mild hypoxaemia while acidemia was absent. Morphometry revealed a non-significant shift in the relation of maternal and fetal placental compartments towards the maternal parts in response to LPS treatment. Endotoxin induced an increased proliferation in both compartments of the placenta with a 3.2-fold increase on the maternal and a 1.8-fold increase on the fetal side. CONCLUSIONS: Systemic endotoxin exposure of the preterm fetal sheep leads to a change in the gross organization of the placenta and changes in the proliferation patterns in both placental compartments. These rearrangements inside the placenta may disturb its organ function and subsequently lead to fetal morbidity associated with the fetal inflammatory response syndrome and chronic placental dysfunction, respectively.     

Anti-inflammatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract and two biflavonoids from Garcinia gardneriana leaves in mouse paw oedema

Garcinia gardneriana (Planch. & Triana) Zappi (Clusiaceae) is widely distributed in Brazil and used in folk medicine to treat inflammation, pain, and urinary tract and other infections. However, very few studies have analyzed these therapeutic effects. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of the hydroalcoholic extracts from Garcinia gardneriana (HEGG) and some of its isolated biflavonoids were evaluated. The results showed that HEGG from the leaves, bark and seeds reduced carrageenan-induced mouse paw inflammation, in addition to diminishing the myeloperoxidase activity in the stimulated tissues. The reduction of neutrophil infiltration by treatment with the HEGG from leaves was confirmed by histology. The leaf extract also reduced the paw oedema evoked by bradykinin, histamine, prostaglandin E2 and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate. However, it partially decreased substance P and compound 48/80-caused paw oedema, without any influence on the arachidonic acid-induced oedema. Both of the isolated compounds, fukugetin and GB-2a, prevented the carrageenan-induced paw oedema. In conclusion, this study showed important anti-inflammatory effects of HEGG through its interaction with different intracellular signaling pathways, without interfering with the formation of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites. These characteristics, in addition to the wide distribution and culturing ease of the plant, confirm its popular use and highlight its promise in the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.     

活血解毒中药有效部位对ApoE基因敲除小鼠血脂和动脉粥样硬化斑块炎症反应的影响

目的 观察活血（三七总皂苷）、解毒（黄连提取物）、活血解毒中药有效部位（虎杖提取物、大黄醇提物）对ApoE基因敲除小鼠血脂和主动脉粥样斑块炎症反应的影响。 方法 ApoE基因敲除小鼠予高脂饮食喂养26周,给药13周后,处死检测血脂,并取出心脏及主动脉,石蜡包埋,取主动脉根部4个切面,分别行HE染色、Movat染色,测量并计算脂质核心占斑块总面积的百分比以及斑块内脂质成分/胶原成分比值;每个样本取4个切面的平均值。免疫组织化学染色法观察小鼠主动脉根部粒细胞/巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）的表达。结果 给药13周后,斑块内脂质核心面积、斑块内脂质成分/胶原成分比值,中药各给药组与模型组比较均有不同程度降低（P＜0.01）,其中活血解毒中药虎杖提取物降低最为显著,并与活血中药三七总皂苷组、解毒中药黄连提取物组比较亦具有显著差异（P＜0.05）。虎杖提取物、黄连提取物、三七总皂苷均具有程度不同的调脂作用,但仍以虎杖提取物的作用最为显著;各给药组只有大黄醇提物组的TNF-α表达减少,与模型组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,中药各组GM-CSF表达减少,与模型组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论 活血、解毒及活血解毒中药有效部位三七总皂苷、黄连提取物、虎杖提取物、大黄醇提物在临床推荐剂量上均可通过改善斑块内部成分来稳定易损斑块,其中,兼有活血和解毒作用的中药虎杖提取物、大黄醇提物效果最为显著。其机制可能与调节脂质代谢和抑制炎症反应有关。     

Therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 powder on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) whose exact cause is still unclear. Disruption of the intestinal microflora is considered one of the main causes of the disease. Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 (NTU 101) is a multifunctional strain that has been shown in previous studies to possess anti-inflammatory properties and to exert a modulatory effect on intestinal bacteria associated with certain pathogenic mechanisms of IBD. In the current study, we investigated the effects of NTU 101 on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in a mouse model. Colitis was induced in male C57BL/6 mice (total number n = 60) via dissolved DSS in drinking water on days 15–21 of the experiment. The effects of continuous 25 d feeding (days 0–25) of either a half or a full dose [2.3 × 10⁹ colony-forming units (CFU)/kg body weight (BW)/d and 4.5 × 10⁹ CFU/kg BW/d, respectively] of NTU 101 was evaluated. Lactobacillus rhamnosus BCRC 16000 (BCRC 16000) and L. paracasei subsp. paracasei BCRC 14023 (BCRC 14023) strains were given to control groups. The results indicated that NTU 101 powder improved anti-oxidant capacity, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, increased anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, and slightly ameliorated body weight loss in DSS-treated mice during the final days of the study. This indicated that NTU 101 powder can relieve the clinical symptoms of DSS-induced colitis in mice.     

高温复合脂多糖应激大鼠血清天门冬酸氨基转移酶的变化

目的:探讨高温与脂多糖(LPS)复合应激大鼠血清天门冬酸氨基转移酶(AST)含量的变化特点.方法:雄性SPF级Wistar大鼠64只随机均匀分为常温 生理盐水组(C组),高温 生理盐水组(H组),常温 LPS组(L组),高温 LPS组(HL组).置动物于模拟气候舱,HL和H组暴露环境干球温度(Tdb)为(35.0±0.5)℃,L和C组Tdb为(26±0.5)℃;HL和L组动物经尾静脉注射LPS 10 mg/kg,H和C组动物经尾静脉注射9 g/L NaCl 10 mL/kg.持续监测动物平均动脉压(MAP)的动态变化,检测动物应激0,40,80,120 min时血清AST等物质含量的变化.结果:AST在不同温度、时间、药物水平间存在统计学差异(P＜0.01);时间与温度、时间与药物、温度与药物交互作用有统计学意义(P＜0.05),120 min时相点HL组动物血清AST含量高于其余3组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);AST水平与MAP存在负相关关系(r=-0.818,P=0.029).结论:高温与LPS复合应激可促发、扩大全身炎症反应综合征.