36种注射剂中不溶性微粒的研究

目的：研究36种注射剂中的不溶性微粒现状及解决方法。方法：将36种注射剂按治疗剂量(其中24种溶配于0．9％氯化钠注射液或5％葡萄糖注射液中，12种输液直接测试)，用HIAC Royco8000A仪计数该液中直径≥1，2，3，5，8，10，20，25μm的微粒数；对微粒进行理化性质和显微鉴别；考察精密药液过滤器流速、流量、吸附性和截留作用。结果：11种新药静脉注射剂超过《美国药典》(25版)标准，占实验总数30．56％。不溶性微粒有玻璃碴、活性炭、橡胶屑、毛屑索条和药物残渣；精密药液过滤器的流速、流量符合临床要求，截留率为91．01％～99．97％，未见其有吸附作用。结论：精密药液过滤器可截留注射剂中的有害微粒。     

青霉素过滤工艺改进

目的：为了进一步解决青霉素生产过过程中的过滤问题和进一步扩大产量，克服原设备的缺陷。方法：我们采用了目前国内制药企业广泛使用的鼓式过滤机过滤技术及利用热交换器进行热量交换以达到生产工艺的要求同时改进相应工艺。结果：达到降低生产成本、扩大生产产量、加快生产速度，提高生产产率的结果。结论：通过实际生产证明完全符合实际生产的需要。本文就目前青霉素过滤过程中的几个关键环节作简要讨论。     

UV filters with antagonistic action at androgen receptors in the MDA-kb2 cell transcriptional-activation assay.

The fact that certain ultraviolet (UV) filters used in cosmetics display estrogenic activity prompted us to study potential actions on androgen receptors (AR) in the human breast carcinoma cell line MDA-kb2, which expresses functional endogenous AR and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and is stably transfected with a luciferase reporter plasmid. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), methyltrienolone (R1881), methyltestosterone, danazol, and androstenedione increased luciferase activity, with EC50 values between 0.11 nM (R1881), 0.14 nM (DHT), and 73.5 nM (androstenedione). DHT-induced luciferase gene expression was inhibited by nonsteroidal antiandrogens, hydroxyflutamide, flutamide, bicalutamide, and vinclozolin. In contrast, the steroidal AR agonist/antagonist cyproterone actetate showed agonistic activity in the absence and presence of DHT, which was not blocked by hydroxyflutamide and thus seems not to be mediated by AR. GR-mediated activation of luciferase by dexamethasone was 100 times less potent than DHT and was not antagonized by hydroxyflutamide. The cell line was used for screening of UV filters, benzophenone-3 (Bp-3), benzophenone-4, 3-benzylidene camphor, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, butyl-methoxy-dibenzoylmethane, homosalate (HMS), octyl-dimethyl-PABA, and octyl-methoxycinnamate. Two of these, Bp-3 and HMS, antagonized DHT-induced AR activation below cytotoxic concentrations, with IC50 of 5.57 10-6 M (HMS) and 4.98 10-6 M (Bp-3). None of the eight UV filters displayed agonistic activity when tested alone, but high concentrations of Bp-3 induced an increase of luciferase activity in the presence of dexamethasone, which was not blocked by hydroxyflutamide or the estrogen antagonist, ICI 182,780. These data indicate that the UV filters Bp-3 and HMS possess antiandrogenic activity in vitro in addition to estrogenic activity.     

In vivo efficacy of a novel double liposome as an oral dosage form of salmon calcitonin

A simple method for the preparation of the inner liposomes for double liposomes (DL) was developed. The encapsulation efficiency of erythrosine in liposomes prepared by this new method is superior to that of the previous method because of the concentration of the drug in the lipid membrane. To evaluate the usefulness of DL prepared by the glass‐filter method modified in this study as an oral dosage form of salmon calcitonin (SCT), a suspension of liposomes containing SCT was administered to rats at a dose of 10 μg SCT/kg. Each type of DL showed better efficacy than its inner liposomes alone. The decrease in plasma calcium level was dependent on the electrical charge and particle size of the inner liposomes. The hypocalcemic efficacy of DL encapsulating SCT‐loading cationic liposomes relative to that after subcutaneous administration of SCT at a dose of 1 μg/kg was 6.47%, which was the largest value obtained. These results indicated that not only the particle size but also the electrical charge of inner liposomes affect intestinal absorption. This study verified that the efficacy was increased because of the decrease in diameter of the inner liposomes and the use of lipid with a positive charge. These findings concluded that DL might be useful as an oral dosage form of SCT. Drug Dev. Res. 58:253–257, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

包括腔静脉旁部的肝右尾叶及全尾叶切除

目的 探讨并总结包括腔静脉旁部肝尾叶切除的方法和经验。方法 分别采用右后途径和左侧途径行右尾叶和全尾叶切除；前者附加部分右后叶切除，后者可为单独全尾叶切除或附加左外叶或左半肝切除。结果 成功施行包括腔静脉旁部的肝尾叶切除13例，其中右尾叶切除7例，全尾叶切除6例；全组无手术死亡，术中、术后均无严重病发症发生；术后平均失血量为896.15ml，平均肝门阻断时间为25.40min，术后平均住院12.38天。结论 虽然解剖关系复杂，切除包括腔静脉旁部的肝尾叶安全可行。     

瞬态诱发耳声发射信号数字滤波及相关函数分析

用数字滤波及相关函数处理技术对１０名（２０耳）学龄前儿童短声诱发的ＴＥＯＡＥ信号进行二次处理。结果表明：通过数字滤波及相关处理后的ＴＥＯＡＥ信号比原始记录的ＴＥＯＡＥ信号波形更加清晰，易于辨认，有效地提高了ＴＥＯＡＥ信号的信噪比及识别率。     

新型4通道单电源低功耗程控接口脑电放大器的研制

本脑电放大器针对现有同类电路缺点进行改进，采用了最新一代高性能模拟与混合信号集成电路芯片，优化了电路结构并通过精细的电路工艺措施实现了噪声电压1．9μVp-p、共模抑制比100dB、输入阻抗80MΩ、基线漂移小、单电源5V供电和工作电流小于10mA等电路指标，并实现了增益控制和滤波控制的数字化接口。1年的应用表明该放大器安全省电、体积小、结构简单、性能稳定，非常适合作为便携式智能型脑电图仪器的前端。     

原位肝移植的血管重建问题(附12例报告)

目的 探讨原位肝移植的血管重建问题。方法 回顾性分析我院近8个月来所施行的12例原位肝移植，探讨其血管变异问题。血管吻合技术及术中、术后应用凝血因子和止血药物的效果。结果 12例供肝中有2例肝动脉变异。血管吻合采用血管外科显微技术，5例术中术后应用凝血酶原复合物、纤维蛋白原等补充凝血因子，全组术后彩色多普勒超声检测均未发现肝动脉、门静脉血栓形成等血管并发症。结论 原位肝移植中供肝的肝动脉变异是比较多见的，修剪肝动脉时应加以注意，避免误伤；血管吻合应坚持采用血管外科显微技术，可明显减少血管并发症的发生；适当应用凝血因子、止血药物是安全有效的，不会增加肝动脉、门静脉血栓形成等并发症。     

信号提取技术在脑机接口系统中的应用

目的以SSVEP为实例探讨脑机接口系统中输出信号的提取方法。方法分别利用功率谱密度估计、独立分量分析和数字滤波器等技术提取脑电信号中的稳态视觉诱发电位，并对上述各种技术提取该信号的独到之处进行讨论。结果本文利用图示方式直观展示了三种信号处理技术在SSVEP提取中的特点。结论将三种信号处理技术用于脑机接口研制与开发的不同阶段，给特征信号的确认、分析和提取带来很大方便。     

Kalman滤波器在医用超声诊断设备声功率计量中的应用

介绍一种医用超声诊断设备声功率计量数据的处理方法。对同一台医用超声诊断设备的同一个换能器多次测量声功率，将测量的数据建立恰当的数学模型，应用Kalman滤波器算法对其进行处理，去除超声诊断设备及换能器本身的声功率输出波动和超声声功率计的测量不稳定误差，最后得到一个相对稳定、真实的超声声功率。经过Kalman滤波嚣处理的超声功率测量数据大大改善了超声功率的测量结果的离散性，与常用的均值处理方法相比，它的结果更能反映超声功率的真实情况，值得推广应用到其它计量数据的处理中。