复方小儿退热栓治疗小儿高热惊厥56例疗效及安全性观察

目的观察复方小儿退热栓治疗小儿高热惊厥的疗效及安全性。方法将112例患儿随机均分为2组,对照组予镇静、抗感染等对症处理,观察组在对照组基础上加用复方小儿退热栓治疗。结果对照组患儿治疗前平均惊厥次数为（4.3±1.8）次,治疗5 min后为（2.8±2.3）次（P〈0.05）。观察组患儿治疗前平均惊厥次数为（4.2±2.0）次,治疗后5 min后为（1.1±2.1）次（P〈0.05）,且治疗5 min后平均惊厥次数较对照组明显减少（P〈0.05）。与对照组相比,观察组患儿惊厥症状好转迅速,症状改善明显,患儿体温下降幅度超过1℃及住院治疗时间均明显缩短（P〈0.05）。观察组患儿治疗显效率和总有效率明显高于对照组患儿（P〈0.05）。两组患儿治疗过程中不良反应发生率比较未见明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论联合复方小儿退热栓治疗小儿高热惊厥的疗效确切、稳定、安全,值得临床推广。     

从脾阴虚论治小儿厌食症70例

目的观察从脾阴虚论治小儿厌食症的临床疗效。方法70例厌食症患儿口服加减麻仁滋脾汤,7d为1个疗程,治疗4个疗程后统计疗效。结果治愈14例,显效29例,有效24例,无效3例,总有效率95．7％。结论从脾阴虚论治小儿厌食症疗效满意,值得临床推广应用。     

从异病同治论小儿便秘与泄泻的辨证相关性

论述了小儿便秘与泄泻的辨证相关性,依据异病同治的原则,临证中饮食积滞、肝郁气滞、脾肾亏损、寒热错杂等证型,均可同证同治。从而拓宽临床诊疗思路,使辨证与辨病相结合,为临床辨证施治提供更为具体化的参考依据,同时使临床治疗简化明了,有利于治疗效果的评价。     

小儿厌食症的中医治疗进展

从病因病机、内治法、外治法及内外结合法几个方面对小儿厌食症的中医治疗进展进行了综述,为小儿厌食症的临床治疗提供文献支持。     

悬灸足三里对疳积大鼠胃泌素和胃动素及体重的影响

[目的]探讨艾灸足三里治疗疳积的作用机制.[方法]SD大鼠40只,随机分为正常组、模型组、对照组(非经穴治疗)、治疗组,采用特制高脂肪、高热量饲料喂养造模.造模后,艾灸足三里治疗.[结果]造模后大鼠进食量、体重、血清胃泌素(GAS)、胃动素(MOT)均降低,与正常组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).经2个疗程治疗后接近正常水平,与正常组比较差异无统计学意义.[结论]艾灸足三里能提高疳积大鼠的进食量、体重及血中GAS、MOT水平,从而明显改善其低下的消化功能.     

普萘洛尔治疗新疆地区婴幼儿血管瘤的临床疗效观察

目的:研究普萘洛尔治疗新疆地区婴幼儿血管瘤的临床疗效。方法:选择2012年3月~2014年3月于新疆医科大学第一附属医院颌面肿瘤外科接受口服普萘洛尔治疗的血管瘤患儿42例,年龄1~14个月,服药剂量:小于3个月的患儿口服剂量为0.5mg/kg/天;3~6个月的患儿口服剂量为1mg/kg/天;大于6个月的患儿口服剂量为2mg/kg/天。2次/日、饭后30min服药,两次给药间隔6~8h。连续服用1年,服药后1个月、3个月、6个月、9个月、12个月复诊,动态评估患儿瘤体大小、质地、颜色及不良反应,并对出现的不良反应积极处理。以Achauer疗效评定法及服药前后彩色多普勒B超检查结果进行临床疗效评估。结果:42例患儿服药观察12个月后,疗效I级(差)3例,II级(中)16例,III级(好)13例,IV级(优)10例;所有患者均无严重并发症;不同性别、民族、瘤体部位与血管瘤分型治疗效果之间无统计学差异(P0.05);42例患者治疗前PSV(46.47±26.87)与治疗后PSV(17.67±8.05)之间有统计学差异(P0.05);42例患者治疗前RI指数(0.54±0.12)与治疗后RI指数(0.82±0.15)之间有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:口服普萘洛尔治疗婴幼儿血管瘤作用显著且不良反应轻。     

34例孟鲁司特与布地奈德联合治疗小儿哮喘的疗效分析

目的探讨对哮喘小儿采用布地奈德联合孟鲁司特治疗的效果。方法抽取98例2011年6月日-2012年6月日之间在我院接受哮喘治疗小儿的病历资料,并采用回顾性的方法分析,其中34例患儿采用的是布地奈德联合孟鲁司特治疗的方法,28例采用的是单一孟鲁司特药物治疗的方法,36例采用的是单一布地奈德药物治疗的方法．分别将其命名为治疗组、对照A组和对照B组,3组患儿持续性治疗3个月之后,对所有患儿进行随访,观察和对比3组患儿的治疗成效、复发率以及不良反应情况。结果以上三组患儿在接受治疗之后,患者的各项情况与治疗前相比均得到明显改善,并且治疗组患儿的各项情况要明显的优于对照组（A和B）,三组患儿治疗的有效率分别为94．12％（32／34）、67．86％（19／28）、77．78％（28／36）,治疗组与对照组之间差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。对照A组和对照B组之间仅具有可比性。对照组2例患儿发生了不良反应,进行停药处理后,症状均消失,不具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。三组患儿的复发率情况分别为2．94％（1／34）、10．71％（3／28）、11．11％（4／36）,治疗组与对照组之间差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论在临床治疗过程中,采用布地奈德联合孟鲁司特治疗小儿哮喘具有较好的效果,并且发生药物不良反应的几率也很小,因此,值得将该治疗方法大力推广应用。     

The weight of MMRV-related febrile convulsions among other clinical factors contributing to febrile convulsions in children

Background

It was previously demonstrated that MMRV vaccine causes a higher rate of febrile convulsions (FC) compared to the MMR vaccine. Additional risk factors for FC include age, familial tendency, day care attendance, viral diseases, complications at birth and developmental delay.

Objective

We evaluated the relative and attributable risk of FC for vaccinees’ age, ethnicity, low birth weight, preterm birth and MMRV vaccination in 10–24 months old children.

Methods

Data on medical history and vaccination were extracted from data warehouses of Clalit Health Services and Israel's Ministry of Health and linked on an individual record level for 90,294 MMR- and 8344 MMRV-vaccinees. A retrospective study design was used to reveal the risk factors associated with FC in study participants.

Results

During the second week after immunization, an elevated relative risk of FC was demonstrated in MMRV-recipients (adjusted RR = 2.16 (95%CI: 1.01; 4.64)). However, the cumulative incidence of FC during the entire 40-day observation period did not differ between the MMR and MMRV vaccinees. The MMRV-specific attributable risk of FC was not statistically significant at any point of observation period and was exceedingly low compared to other risk factors, equaling 5.3 FC cases per 10,000 vaccinees (95%CI: −1.4; 12.2).

Discussion

Our findings demonstrate that MMRV-associated FC in 10–24 months old contributes very marginally to the overall rate of FC in this population.

Conclusion

Given the low number of MMRV-specific FC cases, their transient nature and the benefit of vaccination, the overall benefit-risk of the vaccine can be considered favourable. Nonetheless, the option of separate immunization with MMR + V should be offered to parents, in order to maintain sufficient vaccine uptake in the population.     

Effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy for epileptic spasms developing after the age of 1 year

PurposeEpileptic spasms sometimes begin after the first year of life, and such seizures are recognized as late-onset spasms (LOS). The prognosis of LOS is poor, and a treatment strategy has not been established. This study aimed to assess the short- and long-term effects of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) therapy for LOS.MethodsWe investigated the rate of LOS in 22 patients (14 boys and 8 girls) treated with ACTH therapy. The age at onset of LOS and at the start of ACTH therapy ranged from 12 to 94 months (median, 31.6 ± 22.1 months) and from 12.5 to 116 months (median, 37.5 ± 23.7 months), respectively. We investigated the response rate of LOS treated with ACTH therapy, and compared the clinical features between responders (short-term) and nonresponders.ResultsNine (41%) of the 22 patients showed cessation of epileptic spasms within 3 months. The epileptic spasms ceased in four of these nine patients for more than 1 year. The age at onset of LOS was significantly associated with short-term seizure cessation (p < 0.05). Patients who achieved short-term cessation of seizures received ACTH therapy within 6 months from the onset of LOS.ConclusionACTH therapy is a potentially effective treatment when started within 6 months from the onset of LOS. A younger age at onset of LOS is associated with a favorable outcome.     

Oligosaccharyltransferase complex‐congenital disorders of glycosylation: A novel congenital disorder of glycosylation

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are metabolic disorders that affect the glycosylation of proteins and lipids. Since glycosylation affects all organs, CDG show a wide spectrum of phenotypes. We present a patient with microcephaly, dysmorphic facies, congenital heart defect, focal epilepsy, infantile spasms, skeletal dysplasia, and a type 1 serum transferrin isoelectrofocusing due to a novel CDG caused by a homozygous variant in the oligosaccharyltransferase complex noncatalytic subunit (OSTC) gene involved in glycosylation and confirmed by serum transferrin electrophoresis.