荷兰、比利时安乐死合法化的成效与反思

荷兰等国安乐死合法化十年的临床实践显示,请求安乐死的患者人数和实施安乐死案例逐渐增加;主要涉及终末期不可治愈的癌症患者,没有扩大病种范围的现象;有80％的执行案例都上报安乐死复审委员会接受监督;医生未经患者明确请求终止其生命的行为有所减少.这些结果为进一步依法提高患者临终关怀质量、保证患者人格尊严,促进其它国家安乐死立法进程具有积极的意义.     

高职药学专业群人才需求情况调查与分析

目的：对药学专业群人才需求趋势进行调查与分析。方法以全国医药企事业单位为样本,运用药学专业人才需求调查问卷。结果各单位对药学专业毕业生的需求计划虽然较大,但各单位主要看中求职者的专业、社会实践与项目经验、知识和专业技能等方面。面对就业竞争激烈的人才市场,用人单位很容易便能找到满足自己需求的员工。这对急需就业的求职者来说未必是个好消息。结论学校与医院、企业和研究所等多种单位进行全方面合作：一是使教学资源与行业实践经验进行共享,二是拓宽学生的就业市场,实现学校教学环境和就业市场的开放性。     

基于JCI标准的持续质量改进预防患儿跌倒的实践体会

目的建立基于JCI标准的预防住院患儿跌倒的措施,减少跌倒的发生。方法对患儿跌倒事件用鱼骨图进行原因分析,确定要因,并进行基于JCI标准的持续质量改进:完善和落实患儿防跌倒的管理制度和加强评估,及早识别高跌倒风险人群和高跌倒风险区域,有针对性地采取预防措施,加强培训和检查,全员参与持续质量改进,制定和落实防跌倒健康教育和工人拖地的标准流程、增加防跌倒设置和环境警示标识等。结果采取针对性的对策后,患儿跌倒发生率由原来的0.125‰降至最低0.024‰。结论修订防跌倒管理制度和加强评估,加强对高风险跌倒特别是1~3岁患儿和高风险跌倒区域的管理,加强健康教育,落实清洁工人标准化操作流程,提供安全的设施等措施,并进行持续质量改进,能有效减少住院患儿跌倒的发生,确保患儿安全。     

羟丙基甲基纤维素薄膜包衣的实验研究

用羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)作包衣材料包出的薄膜包衣片,同糖衣片比较,其掩盖药味、外观等性能同糖衣片基本接近,而吸湿度、崩解度、硬度、脆碎度、包衣后增重等质量指标均优于糖衣片。本文介绍了薄膜包衣的实验研究,并就包衣结果及过程中出现的问题进行了讨沦。     

从中药产业链试论中药材生产

我国中药产业已形成了包括中药新药研发、中药材种植、中药生产和中药销售的完整中药产业链,中药材生产在中药产业链中发挥着其独特和重要的作用。从中药产业链的角度,重新审视我国中药材生产在中药产业链中的地位和作用,把握其未来的发展趋势,促进整个中药产业的健康和可持续发展。     

从行业特点和岗位需求探讨中药学专业学位研究生的培养

中药产业是我国医药产业中最具发展前景的特色产业,但也面临高层次专门人才不足的新问题.中药学专业学位的设置和实行适应医药行业对高层次应用型人才的需求,与中药行业发展趋势吻合.故相关部门需从行业特点、岗位需求、培养模式、人才标准、身份属性深入探索和实践中药学专业学位研究生的培养.     

地震灾害现场医疗救援队分级标准化的探讨与设计

联合国国际救援队伍分级测评,已经成为任何一支国际救援队实施国际救援任务的准入证明.在多次地震灾害救援中,国内已形成现场急救、方舱(帐蓬)医院、后方医院三级救治体系,伤病员救治工作取得明显成效.但国内医疗救援队伍建设还没有统一的建设标准,尤其是灾害现场医疗救援队,在队伍注册、人员配置、专业设置、行动方案、装备配置和后勤保...     

Analyses of Direct and Indirect Impacts of a Positive List System on Pharmaceutical R&D Investments

Background

The South Korean government recently enacted a Positive List System (PLS) as a major change of the national formulary listing system and reimbursed prices for pharmaceutical products. Regardless of the primary goal of the PLS, its implementation might have spillover effects by influencing the pharmaceutical industry’s research and development (R&D), potentially leading to a variety of responses by firms in relation to their R&D activities.

Objective

We investigated the spillover effect of the PLS on R&D investments of the pharmaceutical industry in Korea through both direct and indirect channels, examining the influence of the PLS on sales profit and cash flow.

Methods

Data from 9 years (5 before and 4 after PLS implementation) were drawn from the financial statements of firms whose stocks were exchanged in 2 official stock markets in Korea (526 firms) and additional pharmaceutical firms whose financial performance was officially audited by external reviewers (263 firms). Longitudinal analyses were conducted, using the panel nature of the data to control for permanent unobserved firm heterogeneity.

Results

Our results showed that the PLS was directly associated with R&D investments. In contrast, its indirect impacts stemming from the influence on sales profit and cash flow were minimal and statistically nonsignificant. The gross impact of the PLS on R&D investments increased moving further from the enactment year; R&D investments were reduced by 18.3% to 25.8% in 2009–2010 (compared with before PLS implementation) in the firm fixed-effects model. We also found that such negative direct and gross impacts of the PLS on R&D investments were significant only in firms without newly developed chemical entities.

Conclusion

Considering the gross negative impact of the PLS on R&D investments of pharmaceutical firms and the heterogeneous response of these firms by the R&D activities, governmental efforts of cost-containment may need to consider the spillover impact of the PLS on pharmaceutical innovation.     

总IgE定量标记免疫分析试剂盒行业标准的验证

目的对总IgE定量标记免疫分析试剂盒行业标准可行性进行验证。方法按照拟定行业标准的要求,选择不同免疫分析方法的试剂盒,进行验证。结果外观、空白限、线性、准确度、精密度、稳定性等指标符合要求,特异性项目中有个别试剂盒对IgM、IgG的测定结果高于行业标准要求。结论总IgE定量标记免疫分析试剂盒行业标准制定合理,有助于规范此类试剂盒的技术要求和实验方法,从而提高此类试剂盒的产品质量,并为其监管提供依据。     

静脉治疗穿刺工具的合理选择与应用

本文通过对《静脉治疗护理技术操作规范》相关条款进行解读,阐述各类静脉治疗穿刺工具的合理选择与应用原则,以期为护理人员的实践提供参考依据,减少静脉治疗相关并发症,保障静脉治疗质量和安全,提高患者满意度。