Wood dust exposure and the association with lung cancer risk

BACKGROUND: Wood dust was designated as a human carcinogen based on increased sinus and nasal cancer rates among exposed workers. However, data on an association with lung cancer have been inconclusive. METHODS: Self-reported wood dust exposure was compared between 1,368 lung cancer patients and 1,192 cancer-free adults, in a lung cancer case-control study. Epidemiological information was collected through a detailed personal interview. RESULTS: Using several definitions of wood dust exposure we consistently observed statistically significant elevated adjusted risk estimates; for example, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for combined wood dust related occupations and industries was 3.15 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.45-6.86) and for an overall summary exposure measure it was 1.60 (95% CI 1.19-2.14). The association was maintained when stratified by histopathological type. Among those exposed to cigarette smoke and wood dust, 21% of the cases were attributable to biologic interaction. CONCLUSIONS: Wood dust exposure is a potential risk factor for lung cancer.     

Cancer incidence and cancer mortality in a cohort of UK semiconductor workers, 1970-2002

OBJECTIVE: To examine cancer risks in a cohort of workers employed in the manufacture of semiconductors. METHODS: The mortality (1970-2002) and cancer morbidity (1971-2001) experienced by a cohort of 1807 male and female workforce employees from a semiconductor factory in the West Midlands (UK) have been investigated. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and standardized registration ratios (SRRs) were used to assess mortality and morbidity, respectively. RESULTS: Overall mortality was close to expectation in males [SMR 99, 95% (confidence interval) CI 79-122] and significantly below expectation in females (SMR 74, 95% CI 65-85). Incidence of all sites of cancer was somewhat elevated in males (SRR 130, 95% CI 95-173) but close to expectation in females (SRR 94, 95% CI 82-109). There were significant deficits of deaths from cancer of the oesophagus in males and females combined and from cancer of the breast in females. Significantly elevated SRRs were found in males for cancer of the rectum [Observed (Obs) 6, SRR 284, 95% CI 104-619], in females for cancer of the pancreas (Obs 10, SRR 226, 95% CI 108-415) and malignant melanoma (Obs 11, SRR 221, 95% CI 110-396) and in males and females combined for cancer of the rectum (Obs 19, SRR 199, 95% CI 120-310) and malignant melanoma (Obs 12, SRR 217, 95% CI 112-379). Detailed work history data were unavailable for analysis. The finding of excess morbidity was not mirrored in the corresponding mortality findings. CONCLUSIONS: The study found elevated morbidity for a number of cancer sites that may be unconnected with occupation. Elimination of all possible occupational causes will, however, require more detailed analyses of cancer risks in relation to exposure histories.     

Respiratory health and fluoride exposure in different parts of the modern primary aluminum industry

Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate possible acute and long-term respiratory health effects of work at different working places in the primary aluminum industry. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 78 potroom workers, 24 foundry workers, and 45 carbon-plant workers (n = 147, exposed group), and 56 control workers (watchmen, craftsmen, office workers, laboratory employees) of a modern German prebake aluminum plant. The survey consisted of pre- and postshift spirometric and urinary fluoride measurements. Results: Potroom workers had significantly lower preshift results with regard to forced vital capacity (FVC, 99.5% versus the 107.2% predicted; P < 0.05) and peak expiratory flow (PEF, 85.2% versus the 98.4% predicted; P < 0.01) as compared with controls. In a multiple regression model a small but significant negative correlation was found between postshift urinary fluoride concentrations and FVC, FEV₁, and PEF. Across-shift spirometric changes were observed only in FVC among carbon-plant workers (103.0 ± 13.3% predicted preshift value versus 101.2 ± 13.6% predicted postshift value; P < 0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that lung function impairment in the modern primary aluminum industry may be only partly due to fluoride exposure and that working in aluminum carbon plants may cause acute lung function changes. Received: 8 July 1998 / Accepted: 31 October 1998     

论餐饮业基础卫生设施配备与管理

目的:论证现今我国餐饮业基础卫生设施配备问题,建议国家修订有关标准,为人民健康生活创造更好的环境;呼吁形成饭前科学洗手的社会风气,以增加全民健康收益,增强我国餐饮业的市场竞争力。方法:对国内餐饮业进行社会调查研究。结果:餐饮业基础卫生设施的配备现状,严重扩大了疾病的水平性传播。结论:餐饮业饭前、便后洗手设施混用现象普遍,基础卫生设备配置、管理有待梳理规范,有必要对国家标准(GB1 61 53 - 1 996)进行修订。     

医疗行业分析与特色医院集团化发展战略

医疗行业具有自身的特点,向市场经济体制的过渡使得当前中国医疗市场演进呈现明显特征.目前医院发展的基本战略环境决定了特色医院集团化发展的战略选择.医疗、服务、管理、品牌是实施特色集团化战略的最突出的4个方面.     

Exploring the Motivations and Fantasies of Strip Club Customers in Relation to Legal Regulations

Strip clubs are a popular form of adult entertainment in the contemporary United States. Strip clubs are also highly embattled entertainment venues, based on assumptions about their associations with prostitution, drug use, and “negative secondary effects” in surrounding areas, such as increased crime rates and decreased property values. Based on participant observation in five strip clubs in one city and on qualitative interviews with 30 regular male customers of those clubs, this essay seeks to challenge assumptions about the kinds of encounters sought in and purchased in such venues. Instead of visiting strip clubs out of a desire to purchase sexual release with the dancers, I found that the regular male customers were seeking an atmosphere different from both work and home, personal and sexual acceptance from women and the pleasure of a sexualized encounter without the pressures of physical performance, and a form of leisure that offered a relative degree of “safety” as well as “excitement.” Further, the men's own fantasies of identity, their understandings of marriage, and their commitment to a particular kind of monogamy influenced their choice of entertainment and the pleasure that they took in their encounters with the dancers. The essay discusses these motivations and their relational aspects and assesses strip club regulation in light of these observations and findings. This article is a revision of an Invited Lecture delivered at the meeting of the International Academy of Sex Research, Helsinki, Finland, June 2004.     

化工工人肌肉骨骼功能及其与工作能力的关系

目的 研究化工工人肌肉骨骼功能状况及其与工作能力的关系。方法 对101名化工作业工人进行肌肉骨骼功能(背肌耐力、手握力、躯干柔韧性、腹肌力和肌肉骨骼功能指数)测定和工作能力指数(wAI)测定。结果男性握力显著高于女性(P＜O.01)，腹肌力、背肌耐力和肌肉骨骼功能指数(MSFI)均男性较高，躯干柔韧性女性较高；年龄与MSFI呈负相关(r=O．489，P＜O．01)，随年龄增加，肌肉骨骼功能下降；不同劳动类型化工职工肌肉骨骼功能差异无显著性；肌肉骨骼功能与工作能力之间存在密切的关系，MSFI与WAI的相关系数为O.215(P＜O．05)，MSFI分级和WAI分级间有较好的一致性，完全一致率为56．7％。结论 肌肉骨骼功能的测定对于评价化工工人工作能力可能具有重要的意义。     

煤矿开采行业工人下背痛与职业应激关联探讨

目的探讨煤矿开采行业工人下背痛与职业应激的关联性。方法2015年1月至2016年12月,选择山西省某大型煤矿开采企业某矿区的一线生产工人472名作为研究对象,采用问卷调查方法调查其基本信息、下背痛患病信息、职业应激水平,二分类Logistic回归法分析下背痛与职业应激的关系。结果研究对象472人中186人在过去一年内发生过下背痛,下背痛年患病率为39.41%。下背痛组的职业应激任务得分高于非下背痛组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄、婚姻情况、工龄、职业应激任务、劳动强度、工作中保持同一姿势、倒班可能是下背痛的危险因素(P<0.01),吸烟可能是下背痛的保护因素(P<0.01)。结论职业应激任务可能是煤矿开采工人发生下背痛的危险因素(P<0.01),合理分配工作任务、及时疏解煤矿开采工人的职业应激,可能是预防和控制下背痛的有效途径之一。     

我国生物制药产业国际竞争力分析

目的:分析我国生物制药产业现状,为提高我国生物制药产业国际竞争力提出建议。方法:针对我国生物制药产业进行了贸易竞争力指数、国际市场占有率、显示性比较优势指数等国际竞争力评价指标测算,以及基于波特钻石模型的国际竞争力分析。结果与结论:相较于制药强国,我国生物制药产业的国际竞争力较弱并需要进一步提高,建议要注重高素质人才的培养与引进,积极开拓多种融资渠道,提高自主创新能力,加速产业规模化发展,加强知识产权保护。     

2010-2013年株洲市机械行业噪声危害风险分析

目的 分析株洲市机械行业噪声危害状况,为进一步制订防控噪声危害的措施提供科学依据。 方法 对株洲市2010-2013年机械加工企业的职业病危害检测资料和健康检查资料进行回顾性分析,对噪声接触率、噪声强度、听力异常检出率等指标进行了分析。 结果 2010-2013年该市受检企业平均噪声强度为(83.63±9.68)dB,呈逐年下降的趋势(F_趋势=195.36,P<0.001),总的点超标率为33.81%,呈逐年下降的趋势(χ²_趋势=108.79,P<0.001);作业人员总的噪声接触率为49.35%,听力异常检出率15.87%,其中2013年最高达23.44%;2010-2013年共检出1 557名听力异常者,其中高频听力损伤者968名,占61.92%,语频听力损伤占38.08%;听力损伤工种分布为:铆工占52.92%,电焊工22.50%,机加工9.92%。 结论 噪声是株洲市机械行业主要职业病危害因素之一,具有噪声强度大、超标率较高、工人接触时间长、接触率高等特点;噪声引起的听力损伤检出率较高,以高频听力损失为主;铆工、电焊工和机加工是控制噪声危害的关键控制点。