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151.
Feeling cold at work increases the risk of symptoms from muscles, skin, and airways in seafood industry workers 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Bang BE Aasmoe L Aardal L Andorsen GS Bjørnbakk AK Egeness C Espejord I Kramvik E 《American journal of industrial medicine》2005,47(1):65-71
BACKGROUND: Norwegian workers in seafood industry plants are exposed to a cold and often wet environment. METHODS: 1,767 seafood industry workers participated in a questionnaire study. Seventeen plants were visited for thermal measurements. RESULTS: 15.9% of industrial workers and 1.7% of administrative workers reported that they often felt cold at work. Mean finger temperatures after 1 hr work varied between 16 and 22 degrees C. Foot temperature dropped from morning measurement until lunch time in 85% of the measurements. Industrial workers who reported that they often felt cold, had significantly increased prevalence of symptoms from muscles, skin, and airways while working, compared to workers who reported that they never felt cold at work. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate cooling, caused by a cold indoor working environment, may increase muscle-, airway-, and skin symptoms. The prevalence of feeling cold may be a useful exposure estimate in moderate cold exposure situations. 相似文献
152.
广西周边省份中药产业发展的思路与措施 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
目的 他山之石 ,可以攻玉。方法 追踪、比较、分析广西周边几个省份发展中医药产业的思路与做法。结果 周边省份的贵州省、云南省、四川省均纷纷转换了发展思路 ,制定出更适应、更有力的规划与措施 ,取得了比广西更大的进步。贵州省以发展民族医药为基本思路 ,加大了研发力度 ,取得了年发展为 40 %的速度。云南省整合全省力量。提出了云烟带云药的口号 ,力图形成拳头产品。四川中药大省则提出了“川港联手”打造中药强省的措施。结论 广西中医药产业近几年虽有较大发展。但发展后劲明显不足 ,资源上的优势没有完全转换成经济优势。但可以借助周边这几个省的思路与措施 ,做大做强有自己特色的中医药产业。 相似文献
153.
Ruder AM Ward EM Dong M Okun AH Davis-King K 《American journal of industrial medicine》2004,45(2):165-176
BACKGROUND: Mortality was updated through 1998 for 5,204 workers exposed to styrene between 1959 and 1978 at two reinforced plastic boatbuilding plants. The a priori hypothesis: leukemia and lymphoma excesses would be found. METHODS: Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) used Washington State and U.S. rates. RESULTS: Overall, 860 deaths occurred (SMR 1.09, CI 1.02-1.17), with excess mortality for esophageal cancer (n = 12, SMR 2.30, CI 1.19-4.02), prostate cancer (n = 24, SMR 1.71, CI 1.09-2.54), and accidents (n = 99, SMR 1.26, CI 1.02-1.53). Among 2,062 highly exposed workers, urinary tract cancer (n = 6, SMR 3.44, CI 1.26-7.50) and respiratory disease (n = 12, SMR 2.54, CI 1.31-4.44) rates were elevated. Urinary tract cancer SMR increased with duration of employment. CONCLUSIONS: We found no excess leukemia or lymphoma mortality. Unanticipated excess urinary tract cancer and respiratory disease mortality, possibly associated with styrene exposure, are difficult to interpret and could be chance findings. 相似文献
154.
155.
Exposure to volatile organic compounds in residences adjacent to dyeing industrial complex 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jo WK Lee JW Shin DC 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》2004,77(2):113-120
Objectives The present study was designed to evaluate residential exposure to selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) relative to the proximity of the Daegu dyeing industrial complex (DDIC).Methods A series of surveys was conducted to measure the concentrations of five aromatic VOCs (toluene, benzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, and o-xylene) and methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) in the industrial outdoor air within the DDIC and in residential outdoor and indoor air based on the relative proximity of the DDIC.Results The geometric mean (GM) toluene value for the outdoor air samples from residential area R1 located near the DDIC (255 g/m3) was about seven-times higher than that from residential area R2 located further away from the DDIC (36.9 g/m3), whereas no significant difference was found in the outdoor air concentrations of the other target compounds between the two residential areas. Moreover, the elevated outdoor toluene levels outweighed the indoor sources with respect to the environmental exposure of residents near the DDIC. However, for the other target VOCs there was no significant difference between the residential exposure of residents living close to and a certain distance away from the DDIC.Conclusions The present study confirmed that residents in neighborhoods near the DDIC were exposed to elevated outdoor toluene levels compared with residents living further away from such a source. Furthermore, it appeared that the DDIC was a potential contributor to the nearby residential outdoor toluene levels.Essential results have not been and will not be published elsewhere 相似文献
156.
Improving system quality through software evaluation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
McDaniel JG 《Computers in biology and medicine》2002,32(3):127-140
The role of evaluation is examined with respect to quality of software in healthcare. Of particular note is the failure of the Therac-25 radiation therapy machine. This example provides evidence of several types of defect which could have been detected and corrected using appropriate evaluation procedures. The field of software engineering has developed metrics and guidelines to assist in software evaluation but this example indicates that software evaluation must be extended beyond the formally defined interfaces of the software to its real-life operating context. 相似文献
157.
158.
BACKGROUND: Prevalence of exposure related respiratory symptoms and decreases in lung function are unknown among quartz dust exposed construction workers. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study (n = 1335), the occurrence of respiratory symptoms, was recorded and spirometric lung function was measured. Results were associated with exposure data and presence of radiographic abnormalities and compared with a reference population. RESULTS: Pneumoconiosis (profusion category 1/1 or greater) was associated with increased risks of FEV(1) and FVC values in the lowest 5% group, and with group-based decreases of 270 ml/s and 180 ml, respectively. Average lung function of construction workers was somewhat lower compared to a Dutch reference population. Lung function was not associated with exposure, except for a reduction in FVC of 5 ml per year for those with higher exposure. CONCLUSIONS: In quartz dust exposed construction workers obstructive and restrictive lung function loss was detected. 相似文献
159.
Lee WJ Baris D Järvholm B Silverman DT Bergdahl IA Blair A 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2003,107(1):134-138
We examined the relationships between occupational exposures and the risk of multiple myeloma among male construction workers in Sweden. A total of 446 myeloma subjects were identified among 365,424 male workers followed from 1971 to 1999. Occupational exposure was assessed using a semiquantitative job-exposure matrix, based on a survey carried out by the Construction Industry's Organization for Working Environment, Occupational Safety and Health in Sweden. Rate ratios (RRs) in the exposed groups relative to the unexposed groups were estimated by Poisson regression. We found an increased risk (RR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.04-1.71) among construction workers exposed to diesel exhaust. Adjustment for other occupational exposures did not change this estimate (RR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.00-1.77). However, there was no monotonic increase in risk with estimated level of exposure (RR for low = 1.4, moderate = 1.1, high = 1.4). There was no evidence of increased risk associated with the other occupational exposures among these construction workers, including asbestos, asphalt, cement dust, metal dust, mineral wool, organic solvents, stone dust and wood dust. Occupational exposure to diesel exhaust in the Swedish construction industry may present a small risk of multiple myeloma, but lack of an exposure-response trend tempers our ability to draw clear conclusions. 相似文献
160.
Rationale Conflicts of interest in research have long been seen to pose serious threats to the integrity of research. Indeed, the past two decades have revealed increased attention to the possible influence of conflicts of interest as the number of research studies funded by private industry have increased.Objectives We review empirical findings directly pertinent to issues concerning financial conflicts of interest in biomedical research, and we provide an overview of the current issues and state of understanding concerning such conflicts in research.Methods We searched Medline from January 1992 to January 2002 to locate current studies that have reported primary or secondary empirical data pertaining to conflicts of interest in research.Results The rate of potential conflicts of interest for researchers appears to be at least 30% in some situations although the accuracy of such a rate is untested, and the rate of disclosure of conflicts of interest is as low as 2%. Furthermore, some evidence exists to indicate that researchers with conflicting interests may indeed offer different professional opinions and judgments than those for whom such conflicts do not exist. The effectiveness of various disclosure and management methods for conflicts of interest is unknown.Conclusions We summarize the current empirical literature, concluding that relatively little is known based on such data. We suggest a number of questions that need to be answered by future research, and we offer recommendations for policy makers to consider and evaluate in the future in identifying, revealing, and managing conflicts of interest. 相似文献