昌吉州某水泥生产线职业病危害因素检测与评价

目的了解昌吉州水泥生产行业职业病危害因素现状,以采取有效的控制措施,减少职业病的发生。方法对昌吉州某水泥生产厂进行现场职业卫生学调查、职业病危害因素检测,对检测结果进行分析与评价。结果原料系统、烧成系统、制成系统、包装粉尘检测浓度超过国家职业接触限值的岗位是石灰石破碎、煤破碎、石膏破碎、打包装车,噪声强度超过国家职业接触限值的岗位是石灰石库底巡检、生料磨、煤磨,其他检测点粉尘、噪声、高温检测结果均符合国家标准。结论该水泥厂关键职业病危害因素控制点在原辅料的破碎作业岗位产生的粉尘,磨机作业岗位产生的噪声,应在控制点加强除尘、降噪等卫生防护措施,保护作业人员的职业健康。     

电子病历受控术语结构与质量的评价简

电子病历是数字化医疗的基础。虽然我国关于电子病历文档类型和文档段标识已有相关标准和规范,但仍缺乏电子病历文档内容和术语的标准和规范,难以纠正不同级别的医疗机构同一文档段的记录内容在结构和术语使用上的巨大差异,也无法利用大数据信息挖掘、知识发现等IT新技术,对我国丰富的电子病历数据资源库进行有效的二次利用。本文介绍了电子病历中单词、术语与受控术语的相关概念、用途和重要性,列举了患者主诉与临床检查结果表达的术语结构的概念框架,通过受控医学词汇结构与质量评价的12条评价要点,强调了电子病历内容结构与受控术语结构的标准化,在我国电子病历标准化工作中的重要性和紧迫性。     

200--2013年某外商独资企业职业病危害因素调查及检测结果分析

目的探讨某外商独资企业作业场所职业病危害因素的特点和防护措施,为用人单位预防控制职业病提供依据。方法对该企业2005～2013年职业病危害因素检测结果进行调查,了解各年度检测的职业病危害因素,计算其合格率,并对调查期间检测的化学有害因素和物理因素进行统计分析。结果用人单位职业病危害因素的合格率为91.43%,其中粉尘和毒物的合格率分别为98.18%和95.21%,物理因素的合格率为83.80%。化学有害因素的合格率（95.88%）高于物理因素合格率（83.80%）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。除砂轮磨尘、臭氧、苯、甲苯、三氯乙烯、丙酮、紫外辐射、噪声超标外,其他职业病危害因素均符合限值要求。结论用人单位重视工艺技术的改进和防护措施的完善,职业卫生状况有了较明显的改善。但涂装车间的清洗岗位应进一步完善防护措施,使工人接触甲苯的时间加权平均浓度达到限值要求。     

Variables Associated With Seeking Information From Doctors and the Internet After Exposure to Direct-to-Consumer Advertisements for Prescription Medications

This study examines variables associated with seeking information from doctors, the Internet, and a combination of both doctors and Internet after exposure to direct-to-consumer advertisements. Data were analyzed from 462 college students. Younger age, women, and health insurance were associated with greater odds for doctor; women, subjective norms, intentions, and greater time since seen doctor were associated with greater odds for Internet; and African American, Hispanic, subjective norms, intentions, and health insurance were associated with greater odds for both doctor and Internet. Marketers of direct-to-consumer advertisements can use these findings for tailoring and targeting direct-to-consumer advertisements.     

EAACI Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Guidelines. Protecting consumers with food allergies: understanding food consumption,meeting regulations and identifying unmet needs

Individuals suffering from IgE‐mediated food allergy usually have to practise life‐long food allergen avoidance. This document aims to provide an overview of recent evidence‐based recommendations for allergen risk assessment and management in the food industry and discusses unmet needs and expectations of the food allergic consumer in that context. There is a general duty of care on the food industry and obligations in European Union legislation to reduce and manage the presence of allergens alongside other food hazards. Current evidence enables quantification of allergen reference doses used to set‐up reliable food safety management plans for some foods. However, further work is required to include a wider variety of foods and to understand the impact of the food matrix as well as additional factors which affect the progression and severity of symptoms as a function of dose. Major concerns have been raised by patients, carers and patient groups about the use of precautionary ‘may contain’ labelling to address the issue of unintended presence of allergens; these therefore need to be reconsidered. New and improved allergen detection methods should be evaluated for their application in food production. There is an urgent requirement for effective communication between healthcare professionals, patient organizations, food industry representatives and regulators to develop a better approach to protecting consumers with food allergies.     

Candida species distribution and antifungal susceptibility testing according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and new vs. old Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute clinical breakpoints: a 6-year prospective candidaemia survey from the fungal infection network of Switzerland

We analyzed the species distribution of Candida blood isolates (CBIs), prospectively collected between 2004 and 2009 within FUNGINOS, and compared their antifungal susceptibility according to clinical breakpoints defined by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) in 2013, and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) in 2008 (old CLSI breakpoints) and 2012 (new CLSI breakpoints). CBIs were tested for susceptiblity to fluconazole, voriconazole and caspofungin by microtitre broth dilution (Sensititre^® YeastOne™ test panel). Of 1090 CBIs, 675 (61.9%) were C. albicans, 191 (17.5%) C. glabrata, 64 (5.9%) C. tropicalis, 59 (5.4%) C. parapsilosis, 33 (3%) C. dubliniensis, 22 (2%) C. krusei and 46 (4.2%) rare Candida species. Independently of the breakpoints applied, C. albicans was almost uniformly (>98%) susceptible to all three antifungal agents. In contrast, the proportions of fluconazole- and voriconazole-susceptible C. tropicalis and F-susceptible C. parapsilosis were lower according to EUCAST/new CLSI breakpoints than to the old CLSI breakpoints. For caspofungin, non-susceptibility occurred mainly in C. krusei (63.3%) and C. glabrata (9.4%). Nine isolates (five C. tropicalis, three C. albicans and one C. parapsilosis) were cross-resistant to azoles according to EUCAST breakpoints, compared with three isolates (two C. albicans and one C. tropicalis) according to new and two (2 C. albicans) according to old CLSI breakpoints. Four species (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis) represented >90% of all CBIs. In vitro resistance to fluconazole, voriconazole and caspofungin was rare among C. albicans, but an increase of non-susceptibile isolates was observed among C. tropicalis/C. parapsilosis for the azoles and C. glabrata/C. krusei for caspofungin according to EUCAST and new CLSI breakpoints compared with old CLSI breakpoints.