Evaluating sex chromosome content of sorted human sperm samples with use of dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization

OBJECTIVE: Although most methods for selecting the sex of offspring by sorting spermatozoa are ineffective at shifting the ratio of Y- to X-containing cells, some commercial sources continue to offer such services. Our objective was to evaluate commercially “sorted” samples with use of dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization and to identify variations in assessment by comparing motile and total sperm populations, donors, observers, and fluorescence in situ hybridization probes.STUDY DESIGN: Cryopreserved sperm from seven anonymous donors were processed as for insemination. Sperm cells from each total sample or motile subfraction were prepared for fluorescence in situ hybridization by incubation with disulfide-reducing agents to expand sperm nuclei. Two sets of X and Y chromosome–specific, fluorophore-labeled deoxyribonucleic acid probes were used. At least 400 nuclei from each preparation were classified independently by three blinded observers. Hybridization efficiency, aneuploidy, and sex chromosome content were evaluated in subsets of five unsorted, five female-oriented, and five male-oriented samples. Total and motile subfractions were compared with eight samples. Fluorescence in situ hybridization probes were compared in five paired unsorted samples.RESULTS: No differences were detected between washed samples and paired motile subfractions. No differences in hybridization and aneuploidy were detected between groups of sorted samples. The Y/X ratio was significantly different between the sorted groups. However, male-oriented samples had a lower Y/X ratio than female-oriented samples did. Observer and probe choice accounted for small but significant variations that did not alter conclusions about the Y/X ratio for sorted samples.CONCLUSION: In a series of 10 sorted samples from one commercial source, dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated a small but significant shift in the sex chromosome ratios among samples. However, this shift was opposite to that expected by the orientation of the sorted samples. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;176:1172-80.)     

抑肽酶对成年豚鼠心肌再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的：探索抑肽酶的心肌保护作用。方法：建立离体心脏顺行灌注后左心做功模型，２０只成年豚鼠随机分为Ａ、Ｂ两组，分别以４℃Ｓｔ．ＴｈｏｍａｓＨｏｓｐｉｔａｌｃａｒｄｉｏｐｌｅｇｉｃｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎＮｏ．２（ＳＴＳ）和ＳＴＳ＋抑肽酶（１５０ＫＩｕｍＬＳＴＳ）为心停搏液，测定缺血（９０分钟，２０℃）前、后和再灌注（６０分钟）时心脏动力学指标，心肌腺苷酸和丙二醛含量，并行心肌电镜观察。结果：Ｂ组再灌注后的心功能恢复，腺苷酸贮备和超微结构的改善明显高于或优于Ａ组，而丙二醛含量显著低于Ａ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：抑肽酶加入ＳＴＳ中可减少氧自由基产生，对成年豚鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用。     

沙漠燥证初探——沙漠石油工人健康调查和保健研究

调查进入沙漠腹地,在酷热、干燥环境下作业的石油工人所出现的不适症状,提出沙漠燥证的概念。分析其症状发生频率、积分、特殊属性和亲疏关系,引入轻重分证、新宿辨证和特质辨证的方法,分别进行计量辨证。结果显示,沙漠燥证是客观存在的临床证候,沙漠组工人的燥证罹患率、燥证类型构成与非沙漠组有显著差别。从而认为,沙漠燥证具有不同于一般燥证的特异性,它涉及多系统多脏器的生理和病理变化,并与心理、精神障碍有关,应当深入研究,采取积极防治措施。     

新显色剂5-APAQ分光光度法直接测定药品中的残留钯

 目的：建立一种药品中有害杂质钯残留量的测量技术。方法：采用新试剂5-（对-胂酸基苯偶氮）-8-氨基喹啉（5-APAQ）与钯发生络合反应显色，用分光光度法进行测量。结果：在pH10～14的水溶液中，显色络合物的最大吸收波长为653nm，摩尔吸收系数为1．05×10⁵，吸光度与钯含量在0μg·ml^－1～1．2μg·ml^－1成线性关系。结论：实验证明，本方法特异性强、灵敏度高、操作简便快捷。     

细胞凋亡过程中c-fos、p53和c-myc基因的表达

本文主要研究细胞凋亡过程中c－fos、p53和c－myc等基因的表达。方法：经8－Br－cAMP诱导人食管癌Eca－109细胞调亡，应用原位来交技术对c－fos、p53和c－myc基因的表达进行检测。结果：经过诱导的试验组和不经诱导的对照组c－fos、p53和c－myc基因的表达差异有显著性（P＜0．001）。结论：提示这些基因在细胞凋亡的发生发展过程中起着重要的作用。     

安宫牛黄丸配合西药治疗重型颅脑损伤78例

安宫牛黄丸配合西药治疗重型颅脑损伤７８例应月初，郑益明１９９０～１９９５年在西医常规治疗下加用安宫牛黄丸治疗重型极重型颅脑损伤患者７８例，结果疗效显著提高，现报道如下。临床资料治疗组７８例中男５４例，女２４例，年龄２～７５岁，平均３６．３岁；致伤原因...     

Dietary retinoids and carotenoids in rodent models of mammary tumorigenesis

In this review of the scientific literature the relationship between retinoids, carotenoids, and mammary carcinogenesis is examined. Several retinoids have shown promise as chemopreventive agents against chemically induced mammary carcinogenesis in mice and especially in rats. The most promising retinoids are retinyl acetate (RA) and N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR, fenretinide). In rats, dietary administration of these retinoids reduced tumor incidence and multiplicity, and increased the latency of DMBA or MNU-induced mammary cancers. In mice, 4-HPR reduced the number of hyperplastic alveolar nodules and the number of tumors in MTV- and MTV+ mice, respectively. Among retinoids, 4-HPR is at present the most promising analogue, due to its ability to concentrate in the mammary gland. The combination of 4-HPR with tamoxifen not only is more effective in suppressing breast cancer than either agent alone, but also inhibits the appearance of subsequent cancers following the surgical removal of the first tumor. These studies suggest that retinoids, like tamoxifen, may be applicable to the prevention of contralateral breast cancer in women who underwent breast cancer surgery. It is also becoming evident that differentiation therapy and chemoprevention can become attractive alternative approaches to intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy. The role of carotenoids in the prevention of mammary carcinogenesis, however, is ambiguous. Poor absorption and low levels of carotenoids that reach the target tissues complicate interpretation of data in rodent models of mammary carcinogenesis. Very few animal studies are presently available in which purified carotenoids were found effective against mammary carcinogenesis. These results do not justify undertaking clinical evaluation of individual carotenoids against breast cancer at this time.     

山参类药材及“趴货”的来源与商品性状

 目的：探索山参类药材的种类与鉴别方法。方法：在山参药材的原产地和各地市场考察药材来源、生长环境及商品的形态特征。结果：山参类药材来源复杂，形态多样。药材的来源、植物的生长环境和年龄都决定着药材的性状。人参的根茎及残茎痕、不定根、主根的收缩纹和须根分布形态等与环境和生长年限的关系尤为密切，但各种性状之间存在着变异的规律性和相关性。结论：目前市场上的山参类药材分为四类：野山参、移山参、育山参和池底子，正确地鉴别山参类药材，必须综合各种性状。根茎的圆柱状部分（圆芦）、下垂的不定根（下垂艼）、主根肩部的线形收缩纹（铁线纹）及带疣状突起的细长柔韧的须根系（珍珠须）是最重要的鉴别性状     

Primary Mitral Valve Sarcoma in Infancy

Primary cardiac sarcoma is a rare tumor, found especially in children, particularly in the left side of the heart. This report describes a rare case of primary mitral valve sarcoma in a 7-month-old male infant with hemiparesis and heart murmur who underwent mitral valve replacement because of excessive invasion of the mitral valve by the tumor. The patient remains well, free of recurrence and cerebral metastasis, and without adjuvant therapy 18 months after the operation.     

食管异物摘取术的麻醉选择

为探讨食管异物摘取术的麻醉方法，提高手术效果，对７２例食管异物患者采用强化表面麻醉法和气管内插管麻醉法进行了手术和对比观察。７２例异物均取出顺利，无严重并发症发生。资料显示：两种麻醉各具优越性，前者适用于年龄较大的儿童和成人，后者适用于食管异物并呼吸困难的小儿。