Incarceration or mandatory treatment: Drug use and the law in the Middle East and North Africa

In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), drug policies are embedded in the prohibition paradigm. Laws and legislation criminalize all types of activities related to illicit drugs. This article gives a detailed assessment of the provisions of Arab national laws to control the use of illicit drugs across the areas of punishment of drug users, penalties for drug dependence, legislation on use and dependence treatment, and the right of the convicted people who use drugs to confidentiality. It reviews the national legislations on drug control of 16 Arab countries as amended in January 2011.     

《医疗事故处理条例》若干问题研究

<医疗事故处理条例>的出台,给医患双方的合法权益保护提供了法律依据.该文从<医疗事故处理条例>的立法背景、医疗事故和医疗事故罪的区别以及新旧立法中关于医疗事故界定的差异等方面提出自己的见解.     

建设小康社会,营养必须立法

营养是关系人民身体素质的大事,国民营养状况是衡量国家综合国力与发展水平的重要标志。党的十六大提出全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标指出:“今后的国际竞争是综合国力的竞争,综合国力的竞争最终要体现在人的素质上”,“逐步改善国民营养水平和健康素质”。改善国民营养,必须有法     

家庭教育与儿童行为问题关系调查报告

【目的】 探讨家庭教育方式与儿童心理和行为问题的关系,总结家庭教育经验,发现家庭教育中存在的问题,为家庭教育立法提供依据。 【方法】 采用组编的《家庭教育现状调查表》对仙桃298名学生进行问卷调查。 【结果】 亲子关系、父母期待和父母监控与儿童问题行为呈显著负相关(r_亲子=0.206,r_期待=0.174,r_监控=0.148);父母期待、父母监控与亲子关系呈显著正相关(r_期待=0.189,r_监控=0.461),父母心理控制与亲子关系呈显著负相关(r=0.264)。亲子关系和父母期待对问题行为有显著的负向预测作用;父母监控对亲子关系有显著的正向预测作用,父母心理控制则对亲子关系有负向预测作用。 【结论】 家庭教育状况与儿童的问题行为有着密切的关系,不良的亲子关系以及父母对儿童放纵、要求低都会导致问题行为的发生。因此,应该关注家庭教育的规范化、科学化,为家庭教育工作的推进提供有力的制度保障。     

Social work practice with children in the United Kingdom: Trends and issues for the 1990s

This article examines the effects of major new legislation on services for children in the United Kingdom. The Education Reform Act #op1988 and 1993#cp and the Children Act #op1989#cp operate under different principles, creating tensions and difficulties for social work practice. The authors examine challenges facing social work practice in relation to educational social work issues and children in public care. The article argues that traditional social work services for children are threatened by the delivery of welfare designed under notions of a market economy, further adding to disadvantage for children.     

食管癌传统术后护理缺陷改进措施的效果

目的评价对食管癌传统术后护理缺陷实施改进措施的效果。方法根据文献和实际工作经验提出传统食管癌术后护理缺陷及其改进措施;按入院时间及是否采用改进措施将162例患者分成改进组（实验组）81例和对照组81例,观察术后护理中健康知识掌握、胃管是否滑脱、各种患者不适等护理指标并进行比较。结果实验组在健康教育、胃管固定,体位管理、胸腔闭式引流管的护理、静脉补液时速、排痰护理、营养管理方面的效果均优于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论对传统食管癌术后护理缺陷进行的改进,能够有效促进护理质量改善。     

Epidemiology and Control of Legionellosis, Singapore

To determine trends and clinical and epidemiologic features of legionellosis in Singapore, we studied cases reported during 2000–2009. During this period, 238 indigenous and 33 imported cases of legionellosis were reported. Cases were reported individually and sporadically throughout each year. Although the annual incidence of indigenous cases had decreased from 0.46 cases per 100,000 population in 2003 to 0.16 cases per 100,000 in 2009, the proportion of imported cases increased correspondingly from 6.2% during 2000–2004 to 27.3% during 2005–2009 (p<0.0005). The prevalence of Legionella bacteria in cooling towers and water fountains was stable (range 12.1%–15.3%) during 2004–August 2008.     

中草药药品进军欧洲市场的前景与法律探讨

一般来说,欧盟有关人用药品的法律皆适用于草药药品。2004年时,欧盟通过一个指令,为传统草药药品上市销售引进一个新途径,名为简化注册程序。在满足一定条件后,传统草药药品的注册可以无需提交有关安全性、有效性的检测和实验的数据和文件,但必须提交这些药品30年药用历史的充分证明,其中的15年是在欧盟境内。因此理论上来说,药厂申请上市销售许可时应可节省大量的金钱、时间与精力的投入。但这个新途径在实践时并不如预期般畅顺地解决问题。文章分析了多个影响草药药品(包括现代与传统在内)发展的欧盟法律,草药药品需求不断增长的原因,欧盟对最新市场趋势作出的反应,以及中国药厂应如何把握机会进入欧洲市场等问题。同时文章强调一个现实情况,就是争取中医药科研文章能在国际医学杂志上发表,将会是这行业将来得以成功发展的关键因素。     

Regulation of healthcare ethics committees in Europe

In this article, the question is discussed if and how Healthcare Ethics Committees (HECs) should be regulated. The paper consists of two parts. First, authors from eight EC member countries describe the status quo in their respective countries, and give reasons as to the form of regulation they consider most adequate. In the second part, the country reports are analysed. It is suggested that regulation of HECs should be central and weak. Central regulation is argued to be apt to improve HECs’ accountability, relevance and comparability. To facilitate biomedical citizenship and ethical reflection, regulation should at the same time be weak rather than strict. Independence of HECs to deliberate about ethical questions, and to give solicited and unsolicited advice, should be supported and only interfered with by way of exception. One exception is when circumstances become temporary adversarial to ethical deliberation in healthcare institutions. In view of European unification, steps should be taken to develop consistent policies for both Eastern and Western European countries.