药物设计缺陷的法律分析

目的:探讨产品责任中药物设计缺陷的界定、表现形式以及判断标准。方法:根据产品责任法理论、药学理论,运用实证分析、比较分析、价值分析方法。结果:含有关木通的龙胆泻肝丸,存在明显的设计缺陷。结论:药物设计缺陷是指药品在设计上有“不合理的危险”,一般表现在药品的生产工艺中;符合国家药品标准,不能作为药品生产者免除产品责任的抗辩事由。判断药品的设计缺陷,处方药可以采用“净收益判断”标准,非处方药实行“可供选择的更为安全的设计方案”标准。     

医疗机构执业药师有关立法的问题与对策

通过分析医疗机构执业药师有关立法的问题及产生的后果,提出我国应尽快出台《执业药师法》,完善相关的法律、法规,以法律的形式保障医疗机构执业药师的合法权益,促进医疗机构实施执业药师制度,从而促进医疗改革的进程,保障人民群众安全、有效、经济实惠地使用药品。     

治理非法行医的立法缺陷探析

根治非法行医重在制度完善,然而目前有关立法存在诸多缺陷。文章详细分析了我国惩处非法行医行为的立法现状,指出存在的法律缺陷,为完善有关法律制度奠定基础。     

推行主讲教师负责新机制的实践与思考

在传统的基础医学教育过程中，我们比较重视对学生认真严谨精神的培养、全面系统知识的传授，而忽视了对学生创新能力的培养，许多陈旧的思想教育观念使得基础医学教育改革创新顾虑重重，举步维艰。长治医学院在基础医学教育工作中，改革传统的教学模式，大胆推行主讲教师负责新机制，创新了人才培养模式，增强了教师责任感，提高了教学效果，促进了基础医学教育工作。     

改进手术方法治疗额颞部重型颅脑损伤

目的 探讨高原额颞部重型颅脑损伤的改进手术方法及效果。方法 采用改良式Keuy问号形切口，沿前额发际内正中旁3era，向后呈弧形在顶骨结节前转向颞部到达乳突上缘，从耳后发际边缘拐向前缘止于颧弓上。从颞骨鳞部开窗，颅骨钻孔取下扩大骨瓣，切开硬脑膜，清除血肿及挫碎脑组织。同时去骨瓣减压，将骨瓣浸泡在55％酒精瓶内密封低温冷藏。结果 本组46例患者经手术治疗后存活36例，良好28例，中度残废6例，重度残废2例；死亡10例。结论 46例患者采用改进手术方法扩大入路硬脑膜成形术治疗额颞部重型颅脑损伤，存活36例，取得了较好的效果。     

新生儿股静脉血样采集方法改良的临床研究

目的：对新生儿股静脉血样采集方法进行改良。方法：利用改良的股静脉血样采集法和传统血样采集方法分别对208例需血样标本的新生儿进行股静脉血样采集,并记录一次穿刺成功率。结果：试验组一次穿刺成功率（93.4%）明显高于对照组（54.9%）（P〈0.01）。结论：经过对传统血样采集法的改良,一次穿刺成功率明显提高,在临床上具有良好的推广价值。     

Occupational and environmental health in Mauritius: a review of trends and recent studies

Environmental health—in the general environment and workplaces—is often ignored or undervalued in rapidly developing countries. This paper reports the evolution of a system of legislation and inspection for occupational and environmental health in Mauritius in recent years. It then discusses the findings of empirical studies of air pollution, exposure to vehicular lead and dietary lead intake. It finally discusses the health and safety findings in 16 factories. These studies, findings and legislation have encouraged the training of personnel in environmental health and it is hoped that this will gradually enhance occupational and general population health in the rapidly developing island.     

Community notification: Neither a panacea nor a calamity

Community notification of the release of sex offenders has provoked opposition from offender treatment providers who fear that it does not enhance community safety and is a short-sighted response to the problem of sex offending. Many of the arguments opposing community notification misunderstand its role, are based on speculation and might jeopardize the justifications for treatment alternatives. Sex offender treatment providers take risks when they denigrate or oppose the wishes of the community.     

A French experiment: a law for alcoholics presumed to be dangerous

In France the complexity of the problems of alcoholism lie in its magnitude as well as its socio-economic implications. Countermeasures are conducted on essentially four levels: (i) social and educational; (ii) economic; (iii) repressive; (iv) health measures; all of which are embodied in the law of April 15th, 1954 concerning 'alcoholics presumably dangerous to others'. After a historical introduction the authors delineate the ante-delinquent character of the 1954 law and compare it to similar 'ante delictum' laws elsewhere. They describe the various modalities of its application and analyze its concept and actual application under positive as well as negative aspects. In an era of widely advocated, though not always sufficiently financed and endorsed, preventive approaches it appears worthwhile reflecting on a law which is opposed in principle by some and is difficult to apply because of limited resources, but has the merit of existing and allowing for an analysis of the reality.     

Surgical accountability in the 1880s: the death of Susan Nixon

Susan Nixon died in 1881 following a surgical error. Her surgeon, Dr W. E. Warren, excised a normal 7-month gravid uterus under the misapprehension that he was removing a tubular pregnancy. It is believed that Mrs Nixon was the first woman in Australia to have an abdominal hysterectomy and the second to have a live Caesarean section. The surgical misadventure that resulted in Mrs Nixon's death became a public scandal, which gained currency through both parliamentary debate and the popular press. The purpose of referring to this case is to explore the mechanisms of accountability that surgeons faced in the 1880s--a decade of rapid change in the practice of surgery. The response of late nineteenth century society to surgical error and the resultant reaction of the medical profession have resonances that are relevant to surgeons practising today.