中国安乐死实施的不可行性分析

目前，国内外关于安乐死立法的呼声日益高涨。但是，从我国的国情、立法环境和文化风俗来看，安乐死尚不具备实施的可行性。从社会宏观角度看，由于受传统伦理道德和价值观念的束缚，民众观念需要转变。同时，由于对生命权也未作规定。政治经济等各方面原因，医疗科研水平存在局限，我国对安乐死基本问题和判断标准无法达成一致。从微观角度来看，安乐死行为涉及患者、医务人员、患者家属和医疗机构四方利益，实施安乐死存在安全隐患。本丈将从这两个方面分析我国实施安乐死的现实可行性，论证目前在我国实施安乐死的条件和时机还不成熟。     

关于我国脑死亡立法的社会学思考

脑死亡作为死亡的判断标准已经得到医学界的普遍认可，将对我国的医学、法学、伦理学产生重要影响。脑死亡立法将动摇几千年来形成的心死亡观念，并促进我国民法、刑法、法医学的发展。同时它还有助于节约卫生资源，减少医患间的矛盾，推进器官移植医学发展，产生最大的医学与社会效益，促进社会文明进步。     

贯彻"三个代表"重要思想提高7年制学生思想政治工作质效

思想政治工作是我国高等教育的生命线,如何提高思想政治工作的质效是每一位教育工作者不能不关注的重大课题.实践证明,以"三个代表"为指引,以民主管理为重点,确立学生的中心地位,树精品战略,提高学生文化素养、科技创新等能力,能够很好地提高学生思想政治工作的质效,培养出适应时代需要的高级中医人才.     

Power morcellation inside a secure endobag: a pilot study

Introduction: Unprotected power morcellation can lead to a spread of previously undiagnosed malignancy. We present a new containment bag with two closable trocar insertion sites to reduce this risk. This pilot study was designed to assess the feasibility of this device under everyday conditions.

Material and methods: The containment bag was used in ten laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomies. We evaluated time requirement for bag insertion into the abdominal cavity and in-bag morcellation. A 2000?ml polyurethane morcellation bag was used for all interventions. All surgeries were carried out in a three-trocar setting.

Results: We carried out ten supracervical hysterectomies. No intraoperative complications and no bag ruptures occurred. The meantime requirement to insert the bag and prepare the specimen for morcellation was 10.5?min (range, 7–19?min). The mean specimen weight was 191.9?g (range, 32–710?g). Mean morcellation time was 10.5?min (range, 3–28?min), mean weight of remaining tissue and fluid in the bag after morcellation was 12.1?g (range, 7–19?g).

Conclusions: The presented data demonstrate that the endobag can be successfully applied in the clinical routine. Further studies are required to evaluate additional characteristics, such as individual learning curve and time requirements.     

Antecedents,Behaviours, and Court Case Characteristics and Their Effects on Case Outcomes in Litigation for Persons with Schizophrenia

A 10% random sample of 3543 cases litigated in the United States’ civil and criminal courts were analysed using logistic regression to develop a model that can predict case outcomes for litigants with schizophrenia. Most predictors are related to case characteristics and not to the litigants’ antecedents, behaviours or medication issues. Only the psychologist as an expert witness was found to be related to case outcome, but the concern is expressed that inadequate weight is given to expert testimony. Other significant findings include being represented by counsel, atypical medication and malingering.     

Impact of the California Breast Density Law on Screening Breast MR Utilization,Provider Ordering Practices,and Patient Demographics

PurposeTo assess the impact of California’s Breast Density Law (BDL) on MRI utilization and clinician ordering practices.Materials and MethodsOur institutional review board approved this study that retrospectively compared the ordering pattern for screening breast MRI examinations in the 30-month period before and after the BDL was enacted. Examinations were subcategorized into those with breast density mentioned as an examination indication. Patients were classified into (1) high risk; (2) above average risk, defined but not quantified; and (3) undefined or average risk. χ² test or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare MRI utilization, use of breast density as an indication, patient demographics, and provider characteristics.ResultsScreening MRI examinations with breast density as the indication increased from 8.5% (32 of 376) to 21.1% (136 of 646, P < .0001) after BDL. When high-risk patients were excluded, the increase was from 8% to 17.2% (P < .0001). Patient demographics before and after BDL were, by race: white 71.8% versus 71.2%; Asian 6.4% versus 10.5%; black 3.7% versus 3.1%; American Indian 0.3% versus 1.4%; Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 1.6% versus 1.7%; by ethnicity: Hispanic or Latino 10.6% versus 7.9%. Before and after BDL, predominantly female providers (81.4% and 77.4%, P = not significant [NS]) and specialists (62.5% and 63.5%, P = NS) ordered the majority of breast MRI examinations compared with males (18.6% and 22.6%, P = NS).ConclusionScreening breast MRI utilization for non-high-risk women more than doubled after the California BDL went into effect. BDL has had an impact on MRI utilization, and its clinical value for changing outcomes deserves further study.