p53反义RNA对肠癌细胞恶性表型的抑制作用

研究ｐ５３反义ＲＮＡ对大肠癌细胞中突变型ｐ５３致癌性的抑制效应,为肿瘤基因治疗提供新思路。方法２．１ｋｂ的人ｐ５３全长ｃＤＮＡ反向插入哺乳动物表达载体ｐＲＥＰ９,得到ｐ５３反义ＲＮＡ表达载体ｐＲＥＰ９－ｐ５３（ＡＳ）,并将其导入人肠癌细胞株ＳＷ１１１６（内源性突变型ｐ５３）,采用ＭＴＴ和ＦＣＭ方法测定ｐＲＥＰ９－ｐ５３（ＡＳ）表达的ｐ５３反义ＲＮＡ对ＳＷ１１１６细胞生长的影响。结果带有ｐＲＥＰ９－ｐ５３（ＡＳ）的ＳＷ１１１６细胞,与对照组ＳＷ１１１６细胞和带ｐＲＥＰ９空载体的ＳＷ１１１６细胞相比,由于ｐ５３反义ＲＮＡ的表达,其增殖速度显著下降,ＦＣＭ的结果也证明带ｐＲＥＰ９－ｐ５３（ＡＳ）的细胞部分受阻于Ｇ０／１期,而带ｐＲＥＰ９空载体的细胞则无明显变化。结论ｐ５３反义ＲＮＡ可以有效地抑制大肠癌细胞中突变型ｐ５３的致癌性,可用于实验性肿瘤基因治疗研究     

A case of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in the skin over the breast

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a slow-growing but locally aggressive, fibrous tumor that has a high rate of local recurrence after surgical resection. This tumor occurs most commonly in the trunk and proximal extremities. In this report we present a case of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans in the skin over the breast which was re-excised after pathological diagnosis, considering cosmetic aspects. Only three other cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of the anterior chest wall have been encountered in our hospital, and all of these cases were male. The presence of this tumor in the skin over the breast appears to be rare in females. Careful complete resection is recommended for this type of tumor.     

Angiosarcoma of the breast: Report of a case and autopsy findings

We report a case of angiosarcoma of the breast and the autopsy findings. The patient was a 35-year-old premenopausal woman who complained of a tumor in her left breast. We found a tumor measuring 55 mm in diameter in the lower external quadrant. The tumor was elastic and soft, smooth surfaced, well-defined and mobile. Dimpling sign or change of skin color were not observed. Clinically it was diagnosed as phyllodes tumor, but tumorectomy revealed primary angiosarcoma of the breast. Further extended surgery was recommended, but the patient refused additional therapy. Histological findings revealed a free surgical margin and neither lymph node metastasis nor distant metastasis were clinically observed. Seven months later, local recurrence in the same breast was recognized and finally radical mastectomy was carried out. Histological findings showed recurrence of angiosarcoma in the left breast but lymph node metastasis was not detected. Two months after mastectomy, metastases to the cervical and thoracic vertebrae were observed and radiation therapy was performed. Sixteen months from onset, she died due to multi-organ failure as general metastases of angiosarcoma. At autopsy, metastases to many organs including the digestive system were observed. The incidence of primary angiosarcoma of the breast is low but its prognosis is poor. This case emphasized the difficulties in clinical diagnosis and treatment for the angiosarcoma of the breast.     

Cytogenetic abnormalities related to histopathologic grade of astrocytic tumors

Cytogenetic analysis was performed on 7 lowgrade astrocytomas, 10 anaplastic astrocytomas, and 14 glioblastomas. Abnormal chromosome numbers were noted in all cases of high-grade astrocytomas but were rarely noted in low-grade astrocytomas (28%). The most consistent changes in high-grade astrocytomas were complete loss of chromosome 10 (61%), gain of chromosome 7 (56%), and loss of chromosome 17 (28%). Certain structural abnormalities, such as marker chromosomes and double minutes (33%), and the deletion and translocation of chromosomes 1 (33%) and 17 (17%), were also noted. These results indicate that changes in the number and/or structure of chromosomes with related inactivation of tumor suppressor gene or oncogene activation might play a critical role in the formation and anaplastic progression of astrocytic tumors.     

Intramedullary epidermoid cyst. A case report

The authors add to the literature a case report of a 32-year-old man with an intramedullary epidermoid cyst at the level of D 3/4, that was successfully operated on. There are several previous reports in the literature, but only five of these include MRI studies.     

Multiviszerale Resektion des fortgeschrittenen kolorektalen Karzinoms Multivisceral resection in advanced colorectal carcinoma

Zusammenfassung Berichtet wird über die operative Behandlung von 1232 Patienten mit einem kolorektalen Karzinom aus dem Zeitraum 1.09.1984 bis 1.01.1990. Entsprechend einer Resektionsquote von 90,3 % wurden 1112 Patienten (kurativ: n = 917, palliativ: n = 195) reseziert. Bei 82 Patienten war wegen Organüberschreitung des Tumors eine multiviszerale Resektion von einem oder mehreren benachbarten Organen (69mal kurativ, 13mal palliativ) notwendig. Komplikationsraten (26,7% zu 27,5 %) und die 30-Tageletalität (3,4% zu 2,9 %) waren in beiden Gruppen der kurativ and kurativ erweitert resezierten Patienten gleich. Die Berechnung der Fünfjahresüberlebensrate ergab für die kurativ resezierten Patienten ohne Erweiterung einen Wert von 58% gegenüber 55 mit Erweiterung. Auch die Subgruppenanalyse ergab keinen Unterschied in den einzelnen Stadien. Die Ergebnisse lassen den Schlul zu, da bei gleicher Komplikations-und Letalitätsrate die kurativ erweiterte Resektion von pT3- and pT4-Tumoren gleiche Spdtergebnisse wie die entsprechende Behandlung von nicht erweitert resezierten pT3-Tumoren erwarten lät. Die Daten zeigen, da eine Infiltration von Nachbarorganen durch ein kolorektales Karzinom nicht als Inoperabilitätskriterium gelten darf.

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From 1 September to 1 January 1990, a total of 1232 patients underwent surgery for colorectal cancer. Resection was performed on 1112 (90.3%) patients. It was curative in 917 cases and palliative in 195. Multivisceral resection was necessary 82 times because of tumour infiltration of adjacent organs (curative: 69 cases; palliative: 13 cases). The complication rate (26.7% vs 27.5%) and mortality rate (3.4% vs 2.9%) were similar to those for curative resections without multivisceral extension. The 5-year survival rate was also similar in the two groups (58% vs 55%). These results show that curative multivisceral resections can lead to the same long-term results as conventional curative resections. These data are encouraging, and tumour infiltration of neighbouring organs should not be taken to demonstrate inoperability.

     

Pharmacodynamics of Phenobarbital Anesthesia and Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Maximal Seizures in a Rat Model of Neoplastic Spinal Cord Compression

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether paraplegia induced by neoplastic cord compression affects the pharmacodynamics of phenobarbital general anesthesia or of pentylenetet-razol (PTZ)-induced convulsions. Paraplegic rats harboring a thora-columbar epidural tumor, or an identical hindlimb tumor mass, received an i.v. infusion of phenobarbital until the onset of anesthesia. At that point, the phenobarbital concentrations in the CSF and serum were measured. Similarly, PTZ was infused until the onset of maximal seizures. It was found that changes related to systemic tumor growth and newly developed paraplegia due to neoplastic spinal cord compression did not attenuate the pharmacodynamics of phenobarbital. However, sustained paraplegia of 4 days duration reduced CNS sensitivity to the hypnotic action of the barbiturate as evidenced by the higher cerebrospinal fluid phenobarbital concentration required to induce anesthesia (170 ± 31 vs 125 ± 20 mg/L; P < 0.05). On the other hand, sustained paraplegia did not affect brain threshold concentration for PTZ-induced seizures.     

Selective incorporation of111In-labeled PHOTOFRIN™ by glioma tissuein vivo

The use of PHOTOFRIN for photodynamic therapy of human gliomas has been studied by i.v. administration and laser photosensitization. Defining the uptake of PHOTOFRIN in the patient's tumor in comparison with the surrounding normal brain tissue is highly desirable for patient selection and study ofin vivo kinetics. We utilized a non-invasive approach to the detection of PHOTOFRIN uptake in brain tumors with¹¹¹In-oxine radiolabeled PHOTOFRIN and external imaging and quantitation using a gamma camera. Biodistribution of¹¹¹In-labeled PHOTOFRIN in 13 organs was determined in four dogs and 15 mice with gliomas.^99mTc-DTPA was used as a control for nonspecific uptake. The greatest concentration of¹¹¹In-PHOTOFRIN in the brain tumor occurred at 24 hours post i.v. administration. The brain tumor PHOTOFRIN uptake was seven times greater than that of normal brain. The decreased blood background at 72 hours made this the optimum time for imaging. Specific tumor tissue uptake of¹¹¹In-PHOTOFRIN occurred, well beyond that resulting from blood-brain-barrier (BBB) breakdown.     

Glucocorticoids and androgens up-regulate the Zn-α2-glycoprotein messenger RNA in human breast cancer cells

Summary We have studied the hormonal regulation of the gene encoding Zn-₂-glycoprotein (Zn-₂-gp), a human protein with a high degree of amino acid sequence similarity to class I histocompatibility antigens that is produced by a specific subset of breast carcinomas. Northern blot analysis revealed that dexamethasone and 5-dihydrotestosterone strongly induced the accumulation of Zn-₂-gp mRNA in T-47D human breast cancer cells. Furthermore, the effect of these two hormones was shown to be additive, since the combination of both hormones produced a stimulation of Zn-₂-gp mRNA of at least 3-fold over that produced by either hormone alone. By contrast, the addition of 5-dihydrotestosterone, 17-estradiol, or progesterone failed to induce the expression of Zn-₂-gp. The stimulatory effect of glucocorticoids and androgens on Zn-₂-gp expression was produced in a time and dose dependent manner, without significantly affecting the cell proliferation rate. A time-course study demonstrated that the induction of Zn-₂-gp mRNA by androgens and glucocorticoids reached a level of 4 or 3.2-fold over the untreated control after seven days of incubation in the presence of a 10^–7 M concentration of 5-dihydrotestosterone or dexamethasone, respectively. A dose-response study showed that as little as 10^–11 M of 5-dihydrotestosterone or dexamethasone produced an accumulation of Zn-₂-gp mRNA of 2.4 or 2.1-fold over the control, respectively. On the basis of these results, we propose that Zn-₂-gp may be useful as a biochemical marker of breast carcinomas with a specific pattern of hormone responsiveness in whose development glucocorticoids and/or androgens may play a significant role.