间断温血灌注对供心代谢及酶的影响

在１２次猪的心脏移植实验中，供心的保护分两组，Ⅰ组供心用冷晶体停搏液灌注，Ⅱ组用温血灌注，在供心取出前及主动脉开放１５ｍｉｎ后对心肌代谢及酶学的有关指标进行监测。Ⅰ组心肌氧耗率明显低于正常，而Ⅱ组与正常无明显差异。心肌氧耗率下降程度Ⅰ组明显高于Ⅱ组。心肌糖耗率及冠状动静脉ｐＨ、磷酸肌酸激酶同功酶差值两组均与正常无明显差异。本实验结果提示间断温血停搏对心肌的保护作用与冷晶体停搏相似，但对于心肌代谢功能的恢复则优于后者。     

聚乙烯醇水凝胶髓核的生物力学特性

目的 对一种新型水凝胶人工髓核的生物力学特性进行研究,为将来临床开展人工髓核置换手术提供科学依据。方法 采用7具新鲜标本的L_(4-5)脊柱功能单元进行生物力学实验,在轴向压缩、前屈后伸和左右侧弯等运动工况下,观察正常椎间盘、髓核摘除以及人工髓核植入3种状态下椎间盘高度、应变和位移的变化。结果 与正常椎间盘相比较,髓核摘除后椎间盘的高度和刚度降低,应变和位移加大(P<0.05)。而人工髓核植入后各项指标恢复正常(P>0.05)。结论 这种新型水凝胶人工髓核置换可纠正髓核摘除后的生物力学紊乱,有望进行临床应用。     

疫情防控常态化时期福建省人体器官捐献协调员工作满意度研究

目的  分析新型冠状病毒肺炎（新冠肺炎）疫情防控常态化时期福建省人体器官捐献协调员工作满意度现状并提出相应建议。 方法  以网络问卷调查的方式,对福建省在职人体器官捐献协调员工作满意度相关情况进行调查。对人体器官捐献协调员工作总满意度各维度进行相关性分析,进而分析工作总满意度的影响因素。 结果  人体器官捐献协调员工作总满意度为（2.9±0.8）分,总体偏低,其中工作本身提升满意度为（4.7±1.3）分,工作薪酬福利满意度为（2.0±1.4）分,工作沟通满意度为（2.0±1.3）分。工作薪酬福利满意度与工作沟通满意度呈正相关（r=0.653,P < 0.05）。多重因素在工作满意度上存在差异,人体器官捐献协调员工作总满意度与性别、工作性质、工作年限、月平均收入、年龄、学历、岗位性质有关。 结论  新冠肺炎疫情防控常态化时期,福建省人体器官捐献协调员工作满意度偏低,建议从政府和医院等不同层面出发,采用灵活多样的方式,进一步完善人体器官捐献协调员相关保障政策。     

Unusual radiological presentation of sirolimus-associated pneumonitis

Sirolimus-associated pneumonitis, a rare but serious drug-induced lung injury, has become a great concern clinically, because of the increasing use of sirolimus (rapamycin) in patients who have been subjected to solid organ transplantation. We report sirolimus-associated pneumonitis in two women who underwent renal transplantation. At variance with previous reports, the radiological findings shown on chest radiographs and computed tomography scans of the chest in these two cases were consolidation lesions mainly with minimal interstitial abnormalities. Our reported cases highlight that awareness of various radiological findings of sirolimus-associated pneumonitis is pivotal for physicians to make early diagnosis of the disorder in patients who have undergone solid organ transplantation.     

Celioscopic intra-abdominal retraction: Comparison of two mechanical devices

The proper utilization and safety of rapidly developing celioscopic instrumentation remains uncertain. A porcine model was developed for testing two different types of mechanical, intra-abdominal retraction devices. One instrument was inflatable, forming a broad compliant interface for tissue retraction. The second device consisted of three rubber-shod metal arms which formed a rigid, non-contiguous sweep. Each intra-abdominal device was placed with identical manual traction upon the spleen, ileum and liver in sequential fashion with pressure maintained for 10min. Photographic documentation of the gross effects of retraction was obtained along with histological sectioning of each portion of the involved viscera with controls. The retraction devices produced small contusions with punctate, petechial haemorrhages within the tissue, with the tips of each capable of tissue laceration. On each organ, the balloon retraction device produced the least amount of gross and histological damage, demonstrating iatrogenic injury directly attributable to device design.     

Coping in relation to perceived threat of the risk of graft rejection and Health‐Related Quality of Life of organ transplant recipients

The most serious risk connected with transplantations besides infection is graft rejection. Organ transplant recipients (OTRs) perceive graft rejection as a stress factor and a threat. The primary aim of the present study was to examine types of coping used to handle the threat of the risk of graft rejection among OTRs and to investigate relations between coping and perceived threat as well as Health‐Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). A second aim was to test the General Coping Questionnaire (GCQ) for reliability in relation to the threat of the risk of graft rejection. Three different questionnaires, the Perceived Threat of the Risk of Graft Rejection (PTGR), GCQ and the SF‐36, were mailed to 229 OTRs between 19 and 65 years old. Patients were transplanted with a kidney, a liver or a heart and/or a lung. All patients with follow‐up time of 1 year ± 3 months and 3 years ± 3 months were included. With an 81% response rate, the study comprised of 185 OTRs. The differences between the transplanted organ groups in their use of coping were small. Likewise, coping related weakly with sex, age, time since transplantation and whether they had experienced graft rejections or not. The respondents tended in general to use more of the ‘positive’ coping (strategies related to positive well‐being). The measured coping in relation to the perceived threat of the risk of graft rejection seem to be relatively stable over time and quite independent of demographic and clinical variables.     

Drotrecogin alfa: a new approach in the treatment of severe sepsis

Severe sepsis is a common and frequently fatal condition. Evidence showing a link between the coagulation system and the inflammatory response to sepsis led to the development of drotrecogin alfa (activated) as an agent in the treatment of sepsis. This recombinant form of the natural protein, activated protein C (Xigris^TM, Eli Lilly & Co.), has been shown to significantly reduce mortality in a large randomised, controlled Phase III study involving 1690 patients. The exact mode of action of drotrecogin alfa (activated) remains uncertain, although it clearly combines anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory properties. Although associated with an increased risk of bleeding, this is usually procedure-related rather than spontaneous. Although costly, this is a drug that effectively reduces mortality rates in patients with severe sepsis.     

家兔主要内脏共振频率研究

目的：研究低频振动条件下，家兔肠、肺、肾、胃、心、肝的共振频率和振动特点，为生物体器官共振损伤及其反应研究奠定基础。方法：家兔8只，1．5％戊巴比妥钠麻醉后，将加速度传感器固定于脏器表面，兔以仰卧位固定在振动台上，施加振幅为2rnm的振动，振动频率范围为2～50Hz，测量各脏器在每个振动频率点的振幅，最大振幅对应的频率即为共振频率。结果：在2～50Hz频率范围内，家兔肠、肺、肾、胃、心、肝在前后（胸背）方向的共振频率分别为6．0Hz、5．0Hz、7．0Hz、8．0Hz、6．0Hz、7．0Hz；在共振频率处肺的振幅最大；共振频率与体重、脏器质量、脏器体积无明显统计相关性。结论：家兔主要内脏前后方向的低频共振频率为5．0～8．0Hz，其低频共振特性可能是低频波动致生物生理功能障碍和组织器官损伤的重要基础，值得深入研究。     

内毒素休克后家兔血管反应性的变化规律及器官差异

目的 了解内毒素休克后血管反应性的变化规律及器官差异.方法 家兔48只,随机分为6组,依次为正常对照组、给内毒素(LPS)后0.5、1、2、4、6小时组,分别测定各组肠系膜上动脉(SMA)、腹腔动脉(CA)和左肾动脉(LRA)离体血管环对去甲肾上腺素(NE)、乙酰胆碱(Ach)的收缩和舒张反应性.结果 内毒素休克后SMA对NE的收缩反应性早期轻度升高,晚期显著下降,对Ach的舒张反应性早期显著升高,晚期显著下降;CA对NE的收缩反应性早期显著升高,晚期显著下降,对Ach反应性呈持续高反应,峰值在早期;LRA认对NE的收缩反应性早期显著升高,晚期显著下降,对Ach的反应性早期显著升高,晚期无明显变化.结论 内毒素休克血管反应性呈现一定器官差异,这种差异可能与内毒素休克血流动力学改变及血液重分布有关.     

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目的　观察持续高流量血液滤过 (HVHF)对重症急性胰腺炎 (SAP)伴多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)的治疗作用。方法　 1997～ 2 0 0 2年 2 8例SAP伴MODS接受了HVHF治疗。APACHEⅡ评分为(14 36± 3 96 )分 ,BalthazarCT评分为 (8 5± 1 4 )分。从发病到开始HVHF时间 (6 0± 6 1)d ,HVHF治疗时间为 (4 0 4± 3 99)d。置换液以前稀释方式输入 ,流量为 4 0 0 0mL/h ,血流量 2 5 0～ 30 0mL/min ,连续 2 4h不间断。滤器为AN6 9膜 ,面积 1 2m2 ,每 2 4h更换 1次。采用低分子肝素抗凝。结果　 2 8例病人中 ,2 0例治愈出院 ,2例因经济原因放弃治疗 ,6例死亡 (2 1 4 % )。HVHF后体温、心率和呼吸频率显著降低 ;APACHEⅡ评分显著下降(14 4± 3 9vs 9 9± 4 3,P <0 0 1) ;动脉血氧分压显著提高 (6 8 5± 19 5vs 91 9± 2 5 0 ,P <0 0 1)。所有病人均良好耐受HVHF治疗 ,HVHF过程中血流动力学稳定 ,未发现明显的副作用。结论　对SAP伴MODS的病人 ,HVHF明显改善体温、心率、呼吸频率、APACHEⅡ评分和动脉血氧分压。HVHF过程中血流动力学稳定 ,可能成为重要的辅助治疗措施。