p63基因蛋白在喉癌中的表达及意义

目的 探讨p63蛋白在喉鳞癌发生、发展中的作用与意义。方法 采用免疫组化S-P法检测50例喉鳞癌组织中p63、p53的表达。结果 (1)50例喉癌组织中有46例p63阳性表达,阳性率92％;42例p53阳性表达,阳性率84％。(2)在喉癌组织中,p63与临床分期相关(r=-0.338,P<0.05),p63表达与p53表达之间的关系无统计学意义。结论 (1)p63高表达的肿瘤恶性度相对较低。(2)p63与喉鳞状细胞癌的细胞分化发展关系密切。(3)p63对鳞状细胞癌具有特异性标记作用。     

Histopathologic validation of the sentinel node concept in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND: In patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the presence of lymph node metastases is the most important prognosticator. Sentinel node (SN) biopsy has been shown to be an accurate staging technique for patients with breast cancer and melanoma and might also be suited for patients with HNSCC. This study was undertaken to determine whether the SN concept holds true for HNSCC and could be exploited for SN biopsy. METHODS: In 22 patients with T2 to T4 N0 oral or oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) who were scheduled to undergo combined primary tumor excision and elective unilateral (n = 17) or bilateral (n = 5) neck dissection, SN identification was performed the day before surgery by use of lymphoscintigraphy after peritumoral injections of 99mTc-labeled colloidal albumin. After the neck dissection specimens were removed, all SNs, all other radioactive lymph nodes, and all nonradioactive lymph nodes were retrieved for histopathologic analysis, including serial sectioning at 250-microm intervals and immunohistochemical analysis (IHC). RESULTS: Overall, in 21 (78%) of 27 neck sides, an SN was identified by scintigraphy. Of the six neck sides in which SNs were not identified by scintigraphy, four were from three patients who underwent bilateral neck dissection. In another patient treated by bilateral neck dissection, the SN identified by scintigraphy could not be found in the specimen. In the remaining 20 neck dissection specimens, 23 SNs and 30 additional radioactive lymph nodes could be found. At histologic examination of the 20 neck specimens in which the SN was found, at least one SN was tumor positive in eight cases. In one neck specimen, a metastasis was detected in a nonradioactive lymph node, whereas the SN was tumor free, also at serial sectioning and IHC. In the remaining 11 neck sides in which the SN was tumor negative, none of the other radioactive (n = 13) and none of the nonradioactive (n = 279) lymph nodes contained tumor at histopathologic analysis, including serial sectioning and IHC. The sensitivity of the SN procedure for predicting lymph node metastases, therefore, was 89% (eight of nine neck specimens) when an SN was identified by scintigraphy and found in the specimen. The overall accuracy of the SN procedure for predicting the presence or absence of lymph node metastases in the neck was 95% (19 of 20 neck specimens). CONCLUSIONS: Our study seems to validate the SN hypothesis for oral and oropharyngeal cancer. The role of SN biopsy in the management of the N0 neck in such patients has yet to be established through prospective trials. SN identification (and thus biopsy) does not seem to be reliable in patients with tumors located in or close to the midline.     

Epidermal growth factor receptor expression correlates with histologic grade in resected esophageal adenocarcinoma

Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has a role in oncogenesis and may correlate with prognosis. The aim of this study was to examine EGFR expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma and correlate EGFR status with pathologic and clinical prognostic features. An exploratory retrospective review of 38 patients with surgically resected esophageal adenocarcinoma was performed. All patients underwent an esophagogastrectomy with regional lymphadenectomy; 24 patients underwent primary resection and 14 patients had surgery after preoperative chemoradiation therapy. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue samples using an EGFR monoclonal antibody. Low- and moderate-grade tumors were positive for EGFR expression in 2 of 15 patients; poorly differentiated tumors were positive for EGFR expression in 13 of 23 patients (p = 0.02). The median survival was 35 months (confidence interval [CI]: 29–40) for EGFR negative patients (n = 23) and 16 months (CI: 10–22) for EGFR positive patients (n = 13) (p = 0.10). Disease recurred in 3 of 21 EGFR negative patients and 6 of 13 EGFR positive patients (p = 0.06). Poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas of the esophagus demonstrated higher EGFR expression compared to low-grade tumors based upon immunohistochemical analysis. A trend toward improved disease-free and overall survival was seen in EGFR negative patients.     

Immunohistochemical study of characteristics of bile duct dysplasia evaluated on the basis of expression of metastasis/invasion-related factors and <Emphasis Type="Italic">p53</Emphasis>

Background/Purpose

Bile duct carcinoma still continues to have an unfavorable prognosis, despite an improved rate of curative resection and the development of surgical techniques. We evaluated the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and intercellular adhesive factors (E-cadherin, α-catenin, β-catenin) in cancer, dysplastic lesions, and normal (nonatypical) epithelia (glandulous ducts) in patients with bile duct carcinoma. Positivity rates for these factors were compared among the three histological types to examine the characteristics of bile duct dysplasia.

Methods

Among 89 patients with bile duct carcinoma resected at our hospital during the past 10 years, we studied 18 patients who concurrently had a cancerous lesion, dysplastic lesion, and normal (nonatypical) epithelia adjoining each other in excised specimens. The immunohistochemical expressions of MMPs, TIMPs, E-cadherin, α-catenin, and β-catenin were investigated.

Results

Positivity rates for MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, membrane type (MT) 1-MMP, MT2-MMP, and E-cadherin were significantly higher in cancerous than in normal epithelium. Only the positivity rate for MT1-MMP was significantly higher in dysplasia than in normal epithelium. Positivity for MMP-related factors correlated with the degree of atypia of the bile duct epithelium. Differences between cancer and dysplasia were slightly greater than those between dysplasia and normal epithelium. Likelihood ratios between cancer and dysplasia, cancer and normal epithelium, and dysplasia and normal epithelium were higher than 5 for all metastasis-related factors and higher than 10 for most factors. This finding suggests that a normal-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence underlies the development of bile duct cancer accompanied by dysplasia.

Conclusions

The phenotypic characteristics of dysplasia are closer to those of normal epithelium than to those of cancerous epithelium. A normal-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence is apparently involved in the development of bile duct cancer accompanied by dysplastic cells.

     

滋肾调冲法对诱发排卵大鼠卵巢血管内皮生长因子表达的影响

[目的]观察滋肾调冲法对诱发排卵大鼠卵巢血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响.[方法]将80只大鼠随机分成功血宁Ⅱ号高、低剂量组,阳性对照组和模型组4组,免疫组化法检测各组卵巢卵泡发育期和排卵前期VEGF表达水平.[结果]功血宁Ⅱ号组阳性面积、平均光密度、阳性面积率、积分光密度在卵泡发育期和排卵前期均高于模型组;排卵前期各组VEGF表达均高于卵泡发育期.[结论]滋肾调冲法促卵泡发育及排卵的作用机制可能与提高卵巢VEGF的表达、改善卵泡的血供有关.     

康莱特注射液对Lewis肺癌小鼠增殖细胞核抗原表达的影响

目的通过检测增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）的表达，阐明康莱特注射液的抑瘤作用及其可能的作用机制。方法50只C57小鼠复制Lewis肺癌模型后。随机分为5组。分别腹腔注射相应药物14d后处死，称瘤质量，计算抑瘤率，免疫组化法检测各组小鼠肺癌组织中PCNA蛋白表达。结果CTX组、康莱特低剂量组、康莱特中剂量组、康莱特高剂量组抑瘤率分别为60．71％，45.24％，47.02％，55.36％；PCNA的阳性表达率分别为（90．78±5.51）％，（53.63±3．56）％，（72．87±4．12）％，（67．61±3．23）％，（53.51±3．20）％。结论抑制PCNA在肿瘤细胞中的表达可能是康莱特注射液抑制肿瘤生长的机制之一。     

生长抑制因子1在子宫内膜异位症的表达

目的:探讨生长抑制因子1(ING1)在子宫内膜异位症(EMs)发病机制中的作用。方法:采用免疫组化SABC法检测40例患者(EMs)在位及异位子宫内膜组织ING1的表达,并与20例正常子宫内膜(对照组)进行比较。结果:ING1在EMs组异位腺体的表达分别低于在位腺体及对照组(P<0.05),在异位间质的表达低于对照组间质(P<0.05);ING1在EMs组、对照组增生期与分泌期的表达及在EMs组I-Ⅱ期与Ⅲ-IV期异位腺体和间质间的表达均无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:ING1在异位内膜的腺体及间质中的低表达可能在EMs的发病中起重要作用。ING1表达量与EMs的严重程度无关。     

川芎嗪对缺氧大鼠血浆ET肺内ET-1和肺血管平滑肌细胞ETA-RmRNA表达的影响

目的：探讨川芎嗪（ｌｉｇｕｓｔｒａｚｉｎｅ,Ｌｉ）防治缺氧性肺动脉高压（ＨＰＨ）的机制。方法：３８只ＳＤ大鼠分为正常对照（Ｎ）组、正常加Ｌｉ（Ｎ＋Ｌｉ）组、缺氧（Ｈ）组、缺氧加Ｌｉ（Ｈ＋Ｌｉ）组,建立ＳＤ大鼠ＨＰＨ模型（１０±０．５％Ｏ２,２ｌｄ）;用放射免疫技术测定血浆内皮素（ＳＥＴ）含量;用免疫组化染色观测肺内ＥＴ１表达水平;用组织切片原位杂交法检测ＥＴＡＲｍＲＮＡ在肺血管平滑肌细胞内表达情况。结果：Ｈ组ＳＥＴ水平显著高于Ｎ组和Ｈ＋Ｌｉ组,Ｐ值均小于０．０１,后两组比较Ｐ大于０．０５;Ｈ组肺内ＥＴ１阳性免疫反应染色物质较Ｎ组明显增加,而Ｈ＋Ｌｉ组较Ｈ组明显减少;Ｈ组ＰＶＳＭＣ内ＥＴＡＲｍＲＮＡ表达明显高于Ｎ组,而Ｈ＋Ｌｉ组有所减少,但与Ｈ组比较Ｐ值大于０．０５。结论：Ｌｉ能有效地从阻抑缺氧性肺血管收缩反应和缺氧性肺血管重建两方面预防ＨＰＨ,其作用机制与抑制ＥＴ１表达与释放,降低ＳＥＴ水平,并在一定程度上抑制ＥＴＡＲｍＲＮＡ表达有关     

抗骨肉瘤单克隆抗体在骨肉瘤组织中的免疫组化定位研究

本文报道了用本室建立的2株抗人体骨肉瘤细胞株所分泌的单克隆抗体,采用ABC酶标法,对24种肿瘤组织和正常人体组织进行了免疫组化定位研究,发现OS-McAb_1和OS-McAb_2除对部分骨源性恶性肿瘤有阳性反应外,对其他部位的肿瘤均显示阴性反应;与所标记的正常成人及胎儿相应组织无交叉反应。提示OS-McAb对骨肉瘤有较高的特异性,在骨源性恶性肿瘤的免疫诊断方面有一定应用价值。