双炔失碳酯或丙睾配伍dl-15甲基PGF_(2α)抗早孕的临床比较

本文报告65例双炔失碳酯配伍d1-15甲基PGF_(2α)(以下简称PG)抗早孕结果并与33例丙睾配伍PG抗早孕结果进行比较。结果显示,双炔失碳酯组完全流产59例,占90%;不全流产3例,占5%;失败3例,占5%;总有效率95%。丙睾组完全流产27例,占82%;不全流产6例,占18%;总有效率100%。两组总有效率无显著差异;完全流产率无显著差异;但不全流产率有明显差异(P<0.05)。药流后点滴出血天数,双炔失碳酯组平均为8.1±5.0天;丙睾组平均为18.9±19.1天;两组有明显差别(P<0.05)。双炔失碳酯经阴道给药后无一例发生心、肝、肾功能变化。     

One-year follow-up of the outcome of a randomized controlled trial of a home-based intervention programme for children with autism and developmental delay and their families

Introduction There is debate about the type and intensity of early childhood intervention that is most helpful for children with developmental problems. The aim of the study was to determine whether a home‐based programme provided over 12 months resulted in sustained improvement in development and behaviour 12 months after the intervention ceased. The characteristics of the children and families who benefited most from the intervention were also studied. Method Randomized controlled trial. Participants A total of 59 children, aged 3–5 years, attending two early childhood intervention centres in Melbourne, Australia. Intervention Half of the subjects received an additional home‐based programme consisting of 40 weekly visits. Main outcome measures Bayley Scales of Infant Development and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence Revised, Preschool Behaviour Checklist, Bayley Behaviour Rating Scale and Behaviour Screening Questionnaire. All tests administered pre‐intervention, following the intervention and 12 months later. Secondary outcome measures Family stress, support and empowerment. Results Fifty‐four children completed the assessments 12 months after conclusion of the intervention. Compared with the control group, improvement in aspects of cognitive development in the children who received the extra intervention was sustained 1 year later (P= 0.007) while significant behavioural differences post intervention were not. Analyses of the data by the Reliable Change Index indicated improvement of clinical significance occurred in non‐verbal areas. In contrast to the control group who deteriorated, language skills in the intervention group remained stable. Improvements were significantly associated with higher stress in the families. Conclusion Improvements following the provision of a home‐based programme to preschool children with developmental disabilities were sustained 1 year later. Children from highly stressed families appeared to benefit most, reinforcing the importance of involving families in early childhood intervention programmes.     

The ordered transmission disequilibrium test: detection of modifier genes

We consider the problem of detection of modifier genes that lead to variations in a disease‐related continuous variable (DRCV), such as the age of onset or a measure of disease severity, in a strategy of candidate genes. We propose a novel method, the ordered transmission disequilibrium test (OTDT), to test for a relation between the clinical heterogeneity expressed by a DRCV and marker genotypes of a candidate gene. The OTDT applies to trio families with one patients and his parents, all three genotyped at a bi‐allelic marker M. The OTDT aims to find a critical value of the DRCV which separates the sample of families in two subsamples in which the transmission rates are significantly different. We investigate the power of the method by simulations under various genetic models and covariate distributions and compare it with a linear regression analysis. Genet. Epidemiol. 2008. ©2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

脑梗死后早发性癫(癎)发作临床特点分析

目的:探讨脑梗死(CI)后早发性癫癎发作(EES)的临床特点。方法:对2643例确诊为CI患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究。结果:CI后EES的发生率为4.58%,女性高于男性(P<0.05);婴幼儿及未成年人高于成年人(P<0.01)和老年人(P<0.01);累及皮质的发生率高于未累及皮质的(P<0.01);EES作为CI首发症状者占49.59%,24h内出现者占76.03%,1周内出现者占94.21%,仅有5.79%在第2周出现;局灶性发作占65.29%,全面性发作占34.71%;给予AEDs治疗发作均可控制,伴有EES的患者病死率高于不伴有者(P<0.05)。结论:CI后EES较为常见,女性多于男性,未成年人的发生率高于成年人及老年人,与梗死部位有关,以局灶性发作为主,抗癫癎治疗有效,临床预后较差。     

感染性休克早期目标指导性治疗方案的应用体会

目的 为加强外科围手术期处理，观察应用早期目标指导性治疗方案（early goal directed therapy，EGDT）对感染性休克患者的救治效果。方法 运用EGDT使入ICU8h内的感染性休克患者的中心静脉压（CVP）、平均动脉压（MAP）和上腔静脉血氧饱和度（ScvO2）达标。结果 本组20例感染性休克患者，在8h内CVP达标20例，MAP达标20例，ScvO2达标16例。结论 应用EDGT治疗感染性休克有较好的理论基础和实用性，在限定的时间内使所有的目标值达标存在一定的困难。     

肾结核90例临床分析

目的 探讨肾结核的临床特征及有效治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析90例肾结核患者的临床资料。结果 近年来肾结核病例仍较多见，早期诊断困难，单纯药物治疗可治愈者约16％，手术切除仍是主要治疗方法。结论 不典型肾结核的发病率仍较高。尿常规、B超、静脉肾盂造影为主要诊断方法，诊断性治疗仍是确诊的重要依据。     

Cognitive behavioral treatment for young children with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a distressing and functionally impairing disorder that can emerge as early as age 4. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for OCD in youth shows great promise for amelioration of symptoms and associated functional impairment. However, the empirical evidence base for the efficacy of CBT in youth has some significant limitations, particularly as related to treating the very young child with OCD. This report includes a quantitative review of existing child CBT studies to evaluate evidence for the efficacy of CBT for OCD. It identifies gaps in the literature that, when addressed, would enhance the understanding of effective treatment in pediatric OCD. Finally, it presents a proposed research agenda for addressing the unique concerns of the young child with OCD.     

小儿病毒性脑膜炎病原诊断与临床分析

应用酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）方法，对88例临床诊断病毒性脑膜炎患儿急性期及恢复期脑脊液进行了单纯疱疹病毒（HSV－I、HSV－Ⅱ）、柯萨奇B组病毒（CoxBV）、埃可病毒（ECHO）、EB病毒（EBV）、腺病毒（AdV)及流感病毒（IFV）特异性IgM抗体检测。结果表明：HSV、CoxBV、ECHO、EBV、AdV、IFV病毒感染率分别为9．09％、18．18％、22．72％、3．41％、4．54％、5．68％；HSV及EBV感染致残率及病死率分别为87．5％（7／8）和100％（3／3）。提示脑脊液中病毒特异性IgM抗体检测可作为早期病原诊断的指标之一；CoxBV及ECH病毒是本地区小儿中枢神经系统病毒感染的主要病毒；HSV及EBV感染致残率及病死率较其它病毒高，预后不良；早期阿昔洛韦治疗，可大大降低病死率。     

p21-ras、p53和VEGF在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及意义

目的　研究原癌基因Ras、抑癌基因p5 3及血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及相关性。方法　应用免疫组织化学S P法对 4 0例甲状腺乳头状癌中p2 1 ras、p5 3及VEGF的表达进行研究。结果　甲状腺乳头状癌中存在p2 1 ras、p5 3及VEGF的过度表达 ;VEGF的表达与p2 1 ras、p5 3的表达显著相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;VEGF的表达与甲状腺乳头状癌淋巴结转移显著相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　p2 1 ras、p5 3、VEGF在甲状腺乳头状癌的发生发展过程中起重要作用 ;VEGF的表达与p2 1 ras、p5 3表达显著相关 ,可能受其调控。     

纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1及其基因多态性与急性心肌梗死的相关性研究

目的：研究纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物－1（PAI－1）活性及其等位基因多态性与急性心肌梗死（AMI）之间的关系，从基因水平揭示AMI发病的危险因素。方法：AMI组55例、对照组48例健康者分别应用特异性寡核苷酸点膜杂交技术，进行PAI－1启动子区4G／5G多态性分析，用发色底物法测定血浆PAI－1活性。结果：AMI组和对照组中4G／4G基因型的血浆PAI－1活性水平最高，与4G／5G基因型、5G／5G基因型比较有显著性差异（P＜0．01）。AMI组中4G／4G纯合子基因型频率明显高于对照组（P＜0．05）。结论：血浆PAI－1活性增高是AMI发病的危险因素之一，4G／4G纯合子基因型是AMI发病的危险基因型。