Single-shot pectoral plane (PECs I and PECs II) blocks versus continuous local anaesthetic infusion analgesia or both after non-ambulatory breast-cancer surgery: a prospective,randomised, double-blind trial

Background

Pectoral plane blocks (PECs) are increasingly used in analgesia for patients undergoing breast surgery, and were recently found to be at least equivalent to single-shot paravertebral anaesthesia. However, there are no data comparing PECs with the popular practice of continuous local anaesthetic wound infusion (LA infusion) analgesia for breast surgery. Therefore, we compared the efficacy and safety of PECs blocks with LA infusion, or a combination of both in patients undergoing non-ambulatory breast-cancer surgery.

硝苯地平治疗房室阻滞的观察

继在硝苯地平治疗病态窦房结综合征研究之后，又进行硝苯地平用于治疗房室传导阻滞（ＡＶＢ）的观察。观察对象共１４例（Ⅲ度及高度ＡＶＢ共１２例，Ⅱ度Ⅱ型ＡＶＢ２例）。其中１０例ＡＶＢ恢复窦性心律，症状消失，并维持稳定，判断为有效。另４例无效，但其中３例症状未再出现。本结果提示硝苯地平对ＡＶＢ似具一定治疗作用。     

左束支传导阻滞的核素心肌显像

目的探讨左束支传导阻滞的核素心肌显像并对照冠状动脉造影诊断冠心病的临床意义。方法15例左束支传导阻滞患者与10例正常人对照,先行多巴酚丁胺负荷试验再静脉注射201TI和99mTc-MIBI双核素心肌显像并与9例冠状动脉造影者进行比较,分析诊断冠心病的可靠性。在核素心肌显像中,分别对图像的中间短轴断层面进行定量分析,画感兴趣区(ROI)测定间壁/侧壁比值(S/LR)。结果①15例左束支传导阻滞201TI和99mTc-MIBI的S/LR分别为0.65±0.09和0.46±0.10,明显低于对照组(0.89±0.08和0.88±0.09)(P<0.01)。②5例多谱勒超声心动描记术显示前间壁、前壁收缩运动减弱。③9例冠状动脉造影者2例正常,7例显示冠状动脉狭窄>50%。结论①15例左束支传导阻滞显示间壁201TI和99mTc-MIBI摄取的显著不匹配(99mTc-MIBI>201TI)。②冠状动脉造影提示有冠状动脉狭窄的表现。因此,左束支传导阻滞行核素心肌显像是明确有无冠心病的有效检测方法之一。     

超声引导和神经电生理监测下小儿臂丛神经阻滞的临床观察

目的比较采用超声引导和神经电生理监测下进行小儿臂丛神经阻滞的临床效果。方法 60例美国麻醉师协会(ASA)Ⅰ级的闭合尺、桡骨骨折患儿,随机等分为传统解剖定位组(C组)和超声引导组(US组),均行神经电生理监测肌肉复合动作电位(CMAP)监测,局部麻醉采用0.2%左布比卡因0.4mL/kg肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞。观察两组麻醉操作完成时间、桡神经阻滞起效时间、麻醉术中氯胺酮的用量、术后麻醉恢复室停留时间,及并发症发生情况。结果 US组麻醉操作完成时间[(4.42±0.47)min]高于C组[(2.78±0.53)min],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。US组桡神经阻滞起效时间[(7.63±1.56)min]低于C组[(9.89±1.67)min],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。US组氯胺酮的用量[(31.3±10.6)mg]低于C组[(60.6±11.7)mg],差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。US组术后麻醉恢复室停留时间[(18.7±6.9)min]低于C组[(30.6±10.7)min],差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论超声引导小儿臂丛神经阻滞能明显减少全身麻醉药量,临床效果更好;CMAP是神经阻滞的客观和量化的观察指标,有临床应用价值。     

循证护理干预对神经根阻滞治疗带状疱疹的影响

目的：探讨循证护理干预神经根阻滞方法对带状疱疹治疗的临床效果。方法选择2013年2月至2014年2月在我院门诊就诊并诊断为带状疱疹的患者90例,取得知情同意后将其随机分为观察组和对照组各45例,对照组采用神经根阻滞治疗法(即在节段脊椎旁肌肉组织内静注混合液得宝松+利多卡因+维生素B1+B12)+常规护理,观察组患者采用神经根阻滞治疗法+循证护理。比较两组患者的临床效果、有效率和不良反应率的差异性。结果观察组患者的结痂时间、脱痂时间、疼痛开始缓解时间和持续时间均显著短于对照组,差异有统计学意义( P<0．05);观察组的优质睡眠时间显著多于对照组,差异有统计学意义( P<0．05);观察组患者的总有效率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义( P<0．05);两组患者不良反应率的比较,差异无统计学意义( P>0．05)。结论循证护理干预神经根阻滞用于带状疱疹患者治疗,疗效显著、安全性高,可以在门诊治疗中推广应用。     

Heart Block and Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis

A young woman with idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) and advanced heart block below the atrioventricular node requiring pacemaker therapy is discussed. Thirteen years after the onset of IPH she is free of pulmonary symptoms despite having never received steroid or antimetabolite therapy.     

Optimal side of implant for single-lead VDD pacing: right-sided versus left-sided implantation

BACKGROUND: Atrial undersensing occurs in a considerable number of patients with single-lead VDD pacing. This study tried to determine the role of implant side in maintenance of the VDD mode in patients with isolated atrioventricular (AV) block. METHODS: Eighty-two patients with isolated AV block (46 females; mean age, 58 +/- 17 years) received a single-lead VDD pacemaker (Medtronic Kappa, n = 70 and St. Jude Medical Affinity, n = 12). The patients were randomly assigned to one of two implantation groups (group I: right-sided VDD and group II: left-sided VDD). In each group, the P-wave amplitudes were determined at implantation, predischarge, 2-month, and 6-month follow-up. At each follow-up visit, stored event histograms of pacemaker were also retrieved. The atrial sensing measurements were compared between two groups. RESULTS: Implantation was easier from right side (1.7 +/- 1.0 vs 2.8 +/- 1.7 attempts, P = 0.001). Implant P-wave was higher in group I compared to group II (4.2 +/- 1.7 vs 2.7 +/- 1.0 mV, P < 0.0001). During follow-up, higher P-wave amplitudes were obtained in group I both at predischarge (2.6 +/- 1.3 vs 1.4 +/- 1.1 mV, P < 0.0001), 2-month (2.8 +/- 1.8 vs 1.3 +/- 1.0 mV, P < 0.0001), and 6-month (2.9 +/- 1.7 vs 1.3 +/- 0.9 mV, P < 0.0001) evaluations but remained stable throughout the 6 months in both groups. After implantation, VDD function was better maintained in group I than group II (100% vs 90%, P = 0.026). Incidence of atrial undersensing was lower in group I than group II (P = 0.026) in last follow-up visit. CONCLUSIONS: Implant side has a significant influence on atrial sensing performance in single-lead VDD pacing. Thus, right-side implantation should be the preferred approach for the implantation of VDD single-lead systems.