Evaluation of plantar hyperhidrosis in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy

Background Sympathectomy is the treatment of choice for primary hyperhidrosis. One curious occurrence that is difficult to explain from an anatomophysiological point of view in cases of video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy (VATS) for the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis (PH) is the observed improvement in plantar hyperhidrosis (PLH). Nevertheless, current reports on VATS rarely describe the effect on PLH or just give superficial data. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate, how surgery affects PLH in patients with PH and PLH over one-year period. Methods From May 2003 to January 2004, 70 consecutive patients with combined PH and PLH underwent VATS at the T2, T3, or T4 ganglion level (47 women and 23 men, with mean age of 23 years). Results Immediately after the operation, all the patients said they were free from PH episodes, except for two patients (2.8%) who suffered from continued PH. Compensatory hyperhidrosis (CH) of various degrees was observed in 58 (90.6%) patients after one year. Only 13 (20.3%) suffered from severe CH. There was a great initial improvement in PLH in 50% of the cases, followed by progressive regression, such that only 23.4% still presented that improvement after one year. The number of cases without overall improvement increased progressively (from 17.1% to 37.5%) and the numbers with slight improvement remained stable (32.9–39.1%). Of the 24 patients with no improvement after one year, 6 patients graded plantar sweating worse. Conclusion Patients with PH and PLH who undergo VATS to treat their PH present a good initial improvement in PLH that reduces to a lower level of improvement after the one-year period.     

力月西干预前后臂丛神经阻滞效果的分析

目的 探讨病人的心理因素对臂从神经阻滞效果的影响。方法 对746例臂丛神经阻滞进行回顾性对比，分别对肌间沟进路、锁骨上进路、腋进路进行力月西干预前后的疼痛对比。结果 三种进路的臂丛神经阻滞在力月西干预前后的疼痛相关性非常明显，或干预前后的疼痛无明显差别。结论 病人的心理精神因素在臂丛神经阻滞过程中，对阻滞效果的影响非常小。     

一种新的单侧听觉气传导持续阻滞大鼠模型

用外耳道外沿皮下缝合法制备了一种新的单侧听觉气传导持续阻滞大鼠模型。它具有制作简便、损伤较小、效果持续的优点。     

肾上腺素对丁哌卡因肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的药效学与药代动力学的影响

目的:了解肾上腺素对丁哌卡因肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞的药效学及药动学影响。方法:选择ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级肩部或上肢择期手术患者16例,随机分成两组,试验组与对照组各8例,分别用含或不含肾上腺素的0.75％丁哌卡因2mg/kg行肌间沟臂丛阻滞。对比观察两组的临床效果及药代动力学。结果:与对照组比较,试验组阻滞完善时间及镇痛时间延长(P<0.05或0.01)。试验组与对照组Cmax分别为0.8295±0.2893ug/ml和0.8898±0.2572ug/ml,Tmax分别为37.6018±8.3461分钟和29.3156±11.1991分钟(P>0.05)。药代动力学参数t1/2Ka及K_(21)两组间有显著性差异(P<0.05或0.01)。结论:肾上腺素能延长丁哌卡因的阻滞完善时间、镇痛维持时间及吸收半衰期,但对血药浓度无明显影响。     

星状神经节阻滞对炎症痛兔血清皮质醇和炎症局部β-内啡肽的影响

目的 :观察星状神经节阻滞 (SGB)对福尔马林炎症痛家兔血清皮质醇 (CS)和炎症局部 β -内啡肽 (β -EP)含量的影响。方法 :选择健康家兔 1 6只 ,随机分为SGB组和对照组 ,各 8只。两组均用 8%福尔马林 0 .5ml在右前肢足底皮下注射致痛 ,致痛前 1 0minSGB组经预置导管给 0 .2 5 %布比卡因 0 .5ml,对照组给等量生理盐水。用放免法测定致痛前 1 0min(T0 )、致痛后 1 0、60和 1 2 0min(T1 、T2 和T3)血清CS及致痛 1 2 0min炎症局部 β-EP含量。结果 :致痛后对照组血清CS在各时点均较致痛前升高 ,且在T2 时达高峰 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,而SGB组各时点较致痛前无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5) ;两组相比 ,T0 时无差异 (P >0 .0 5) ,而在T1 、T2 和T3时有明显差异 (P <0 .0 5 ,P<0 .0 1 )。SGB组致痛后 1 2 0min时炎症局部 β -EP含量明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1 )。 结论 :SGB可抑制福尔马林刺激引起的血清CS的升高 ,并且可增加炎症局部 β-EP含量     

A Comparative Study of the Percutaneous versus Intraoral Technique for Mental Nerve Block

Objective: Mental nerve block is frequently used to aid repair of facial lacerations; both percutaneous and intraoral approaches to blocking this nerve are used, but have never been compared. The authors compared the two techniques for pain of administration and effectiveness of anesthesia. Methods: A prospective, randomized, single-blind, crossover study was conducted using ten healthy volunteers aged 22 to 33 years. Patients having prior experience with mental nerve blocks, lidocaine allergy, active oral/facial infection, or previous facial fractures were excluded. Bilateral mental nerve blocks were done using intraoral technique on one side and percutaneous technique on the other. Both techniques were used by the same investigator and were carried out with 27-gauge needles and 2.5 mL of 2% buffered lidocaine at room temperature injected over 20 seconds. The oral mucosa was topically anesthetized with viscous lidocaine for 1 minute prior to intraoral injection. The orders of the blocks and sides of the face anesthetized were randomized. Subjective and objective pain (visual-analog scale), efficacy (anesthesia of lower lip), time to onset, and duration of anesthesia were evaluated. Results: The intraoral technique was subjectively less painful than the percutaneous approach in nine of ten subjects (p = 0.02). Scores on the visual-analog pain scale were significantly lower for the intraoral technique (p = 0.03). Intraoral injection produced lower-lip anesthesia in 10/10 subjects versus 7/10 for percutaneous (p = 0.25). Times to onset (approximately 1–2 minutes) and durations of anesthesia (approximately one hour) were similar for the two techniques. Conclusion: The intraoral approach to the mental nerve block with adjunctive topical anesthesia was subjectively and objectively less painful than the percutaneous approach without adjunctive anesthesia. While the intraoral approach had a greater efficacy of lower-lip anesthesia and a longer duration of action, these differences were not statistically significant.     

Complications associated with maxillary nerve block anaesthesia via the greater palatine canal

This paper documents the type, frequency and duration of complications associated with regional anaesthesia of the maxillary nerve via the greater palatine canal in a series of 101 patients treated in the Oral Surgery Department, United Dental Hospital of Sydney.     

硬膜外阻滞对高血压患者血压的影响

目的:比较未经正规治疗的高血压患者中位和低位硬膜外阻滞时对血压的影响。方法:有明确的高血压病史的急诊中上腹部手术麻醉病例42例(Ⅰ组)和下腹部手术麻醉病例47例(Ⅱ组),采用硬膜外阻滞后,比较手术时间、局麻药总量、麻醉后动脉血压下降的幅度和时相。结果:(Ⅰ组)手术历时62.3±17.8min,局麻药总量为利多卡因387.0±31.2mg,(Ⅱ组)手术历时56.8±14.9min,利多卡因总量366.7±30.1mg,均无显著差异。Ⅰ组硬膜外麻醉前平均动脉压为123.6±13.2mmHg,麻醉后最低的平均动脉压为69.5±10.0mmHg,出现最低平均动脉压的中位时间为26.3min,Ⅱ组麻醉前的平均动脉压为117.3±15.7mmHg,麻醉后最低平均动脉压为71.0±7.4mmHg,出现最低平均动脉压的中位时间为21.3min。两组在硬膜外阻滞后平均动脉压下降幅度及下降时间方面无显著差异。结论:未经很好控制的高血压患者硬膜外阻滞后均可引起血压急骤下降,低位硬膜外阻滞与中高位阻滞引起的血压下降幅度和时相相似。     

Cobalt-dependent potentiation of net inward current density in Helix aspersa neurons.

A low concentration of transition metal ions Co2+ and Ni2+ increases the inward current density in neurons from the land snail Helix aspersa. The currents were measured using a single electrode voltage-clamp/internal perfusion method under conditions in which the external Na+ was replaced by Tris+, the predominant external current carrying cation was Ca2+, and the internal perfusate contained 120 mM Cs+/0 K+; 30 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA) was added externally to block K+ current. In the presence of Co2+ (3 mM) or Ni2+ (0.5 mM) inward Ca2+ currents were stimulated normally by voltage-dependent activation of Ca2+ channels. There was a 5-10% decrease in the rate of rise of the inward current. The principal effect of Co2+ and Ni2+ in increasing the current density seems to be a decrease in the rate at which the inward currents decline during a depolarizing voltage pulse. The results may be due to a decrease in a voltage-dependent or Ca(2+)-dependent outward current and/or an inhibition of Ca2+ channel inactivation. Outward current under these conditions (zero internal K+) was significant and most likely due to Cs+ efflux through the voltage-activated or Ca(2+)-activated nonspecific cation channels. Co2+ is an extremely effective blocker of this outward current. These results are not an artifact of internal perfusion or the special ionic conditions. Intracellular recording of unperfused neurons in normal Helix Ringer's solution showed that the Ca(2+)-dependent action potential duration was increased significantly by low concentrations of Co2+. This result is consistant with the Co(2+)-dependent increase in inward (depolarizing) current seen in voltage-clamp experiments.     

BiPAP ViSION 在慢性阻塞性肺疾病Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的应用和护理

目的 探讨经鼻(面)罩双水平气道内正压通气(BiPAP)ViSION型呼吸机对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者疗效及护理特点。方法 应用BiPAP ViSION型呼吸机对21例COPD伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者采用鼻/面罩连接单向呼气活瓣行双水平气道正压通气,观察其通气前后动脉血气及临床表现变化。结果 通气治疗后19例患者动脉血氧分压(PaO_2)及氧饱和度(SaO_2)明显升高(P<0.01),二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)显著降低(P<0.05);肺性脑病症状消失,昏迷患者神志转清。2例病情恶化,其中1例改用有创通气后好转,1例拒绝有创通气死亡。结论BiPAP ViSION呼吸机治疗COPD伴Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的疗效较为肯定,正确的护理对提高其疗效和减少并发症至关重要。