连续与单次腹横肌平面阻滞用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术后镇痛的效果比较

目的比较连续腹横肌平面阻滞(CTAPB)与单次腹横肌平面阻滞(STAPB)用于腹腔镜下胆囊切除术(LC)的术后镇痛效果。方法纳入拟行LC患者90例,分成对照组、S组和C组,每组30例,S组和C组患者气管插管后分别行STAPB和CTAPB,术毕三组患者均行患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA),记录三组患者术后1,6,12,24,48,72 h切口部位及腹部深处疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分,术后72 h内PCIA镇痛泵按压次数,术后麻醉不良反应发生情况和术后镇痛的满意度。结果 S组和C组患者术后1、6和12 h切口部位和腹部深处VAS评分均显著低于对照组患者(P0.05),S组和对照组患者术后24、48和72 h切口部位和腹部深处VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),C组患者术后24、48和72 h切口部位和腹部深处VAS评分显著低于S组和对照组患者(P0.05)。术后72 h内S组和C组患者PCIA按压次数均显著少于对照组患者(P0.05),C组患者术后PCIA镇痛泵按压次数显著少于S组患者(P0.05)。S组和C组患者术后恶心发生率均低于对照组患者(P0.05)。术后S组和C组患者满意度均高于对照组患者(P0.05),C组患者满意度高于S组患者(P0.05)。结论超声引导下CTAPB可有效增强LC术后患者的镇痛效果,减少患者阿片类药物使用,降低阿片类药物不良反应发生率,提高患者术后满意度,可作为LC术后较为理想的镇痛方式。     

超声引导下腰方肌阻滞用于全子宫切除术后镇痛的效果研究

目的观察超声引导下腰方肌阻滞用于全子宫切除术后镇痛的效果及不良反应。方法择期全身麻醉下进行的经腹全子宫切除术40例,年龄40~55岁,ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,分为两组,每组20例,观察组为罗哌卡因组;对照组为0.9%氯化钠溶液组。手术后于超声引导下行双侧腰方肌阻滞。术后患者均携带经静脉自控止痛泵(PCIA)。比较两组于术后2 h、12 h、24 h、48 h静止和运动时的视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS),记录两组术后镇痛泵按压次数、病房止痛药物使用次数及剂量、患者下床活动时间、术后首次排气时间以及不良反应。结果与对照组相比:观察组在术后2 h、12 h、24 h的静态VAS评分低于对照组(P0.05),观察组在术后2 h、12 h、24 h、48 h的动态VAS评分低于对照组(P0.05),观察组在术后2 h、12 h、24 h镇痛泵的按压次数、镇痛泵用量低于对照组(P0.05),观察组在术后2 h、12 h、24 h的病房加用止痛药的次数和剂量较对照组少(P0.05),两组在下床活动时间、术后首次排气时间及疲乏、皮肤瘙痒、恶心呕吐等不良反应方面无明显差异,不具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论超声引导下腰方肌阻滞用于全子宫切除术术后镇痛,缓解术后疼痛效果良好,且无明显不良反应。     

超声引导下锁骨上入路单靶点或三靶点注射法臂丛神经阻滞的效果

目的 比较超声引导下锁骨上入路单靶点和三靶点注射法与传统解剖定位法臂丛神经阻滞的效果.方法 择期拟行上肢手术患者90例,性别不限,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为3组(n=30):单靶点组(S组)超声引导下锁骨上臂丛神经周围注射21 ml局麻药;三靶点组(T组)超声引导下在锁骨上臂丛神经与锁骨下动脉相接位置的下方注射7 ml局麻药,再2次(各7 ml)调整穿刺针的位置形成以臂丛神经为中心的扇形注射;传统解剖定位组(A组)取锁骨中点上1 cm左右为穿刺点,注射21 ml局麻药.局麻药为0.375%罗哌卡因和1%利多卡因的混合液.记录各组操作时间和尺神经、正中神经、桡神经支配区域痛觉消失时间及镇痛持续时间;评价各神经支配区域的阻滞程度及切皮时的麻醉效果,观察并发症的发生情况.结果 与A组相比,T组操作时间延长,尺神经分支配区域痛觉消失时间缩短,S组和T组麻醉效果满意率升高,镇痛持续时间延长,尺神经、正中神经的阻滞完全率升高(P＜0.05);与T组相比,S组操作时间缩短,尺神经分支配区域痛觉消失时间延长(P＜0.05);三组桡神经阻滞完全率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).A组刺破血管4例,轻度局麻药中毒1例,S组和T组未见并发症发生.结论 与传统解剖定位法相比,超声引导下锁骨上臂丛神经阻滞的单靶点和三靶点注射法麻醉效果较好、镇痛持续时间较长,且并发症较少;三靶点注射法的操作时间较单靶点注射法长,但对尺神经的阻滞较快且完全.     

Regional anaesthesia for orthopaedic procedures

Regional anaesthetic techniques are fundamental in the anaesthetic care of orthopaedic patients. They may be used as the primary anaesthetic technique or to provide postoperative pain relief. Compared to general anaesthesia alone, regional techniques can provide superior perioperative analgesia, fewer systemic drug adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting and confusion, and earlier mobilization which can reduce nosocomial complications and facilitate expedited hospital discharge. Disadvantages include block failure, nerve injury, unrecognised injury to the anaesthetised limb, prolonged motor blockade and local anaesthetic toxicity. Preoperative assessment should identify contraindications, document pre-existing neurological deficits, and clarify surgical and perioperative aims. Informed consent should be obtained after a clear explanation of the procedure, its risks, and potential complications. Serious and long-term neurological complications are rare and may be reduced by an awake regional technique, sonographic guidance, regular aspiration and by ensuring low pressure injections. Postoperative follow-up is essential and suspicious neurological findings should be detected, investigated, and managed in an early and timely manner.     

超声引导下低位前锯肌平面阻滞对上腹部手术患者术后镇痛及炎症反应的影响

目的 评价超声引导下低位前锯肌平面阻滞(SAPB)对上腹部手术患者术后镇痛及炎症反应的影响.方法 择期上腹部手术患者120例,男69例,女51例,年龄18～65岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级.随机分为三组:对照组(C组,n=39),不行神经阻滞;常规SAPB组(SAPB组,n=40),全麻诱导前超声引导下双侧腋中线第5肋水平前锯肌...     

连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞对老年患者髋部手术后认知功能及应激反应的影响

目的 探讨静脉镇痛与连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞(fascia iliaca compartment block,FICB)对老年患者髋部手术后认知功能及应激反应的影响.方法 选择择期髋部骨折手术患者80例,男31例,女49例,年龄65～89岁,ASAⅠ—Ⅲ级.随机分为两组:静脉镇痛对照组(C组)和0.2％罗哌卡因连续FICB组...     

Efficacy of Two Unique Combinations of Nerve Blocks on Postoperative Pain and Functional Outcome After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective,Double-Blind,Randomized Controlled Study

BackgroundThis study aimed to explore the efficacy of two unique combinations of nerve blocks on postoperative pain and functional outcome after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsPatients scheduled for TKA were randomized to receive a combination of adductor canal block (ACB) + infiltration between the popliteal artery and capsule of the posterior knee block (IPACK) + sham obturator nerve block (ONB) + sham lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block (LFCNB) (control group), or a combination of ACB + IPACK + ONB + sham LFCNB (triple nerve block group), or a combination of ACB + IPACK + ONB + LFCNB (quadruple nerve block group). All patients received local infiltration analgesia. Primary outcome was postoperative morphine consumption. Secondary outcomes were the time until first rescue analgesia, postoperative pain assessed on the visual analog scale (VAS), QoR-15 score, functional recovery of knee, and postoperative complications.ResultsCompared with the control group, the triple and quadruple nerve block groups showed significantly lower postoperative morphine consumption (17.2 ± 9.7 mg vs. 11.2 ± 7.0 mg vs. 11.4 ± 6.4 mg, P = .001). These two groups also showed significantly longer time until first rescue analgesia (P = .007 and .010, respectively, analyzed with Kaplan-Meier method), significantly lower VAS scores on postoperative day 1 (P < .01), significantly better QoR-15 scores on postoperative days 1 and 2 (P < .001), and significantly better functional recovery of knee including range of motion (P = .002 and .001 on postoperative days 1 and 2), and daily ambulation distance (P < .001 and P = .004 on postoperative days 1 and 2). However, the absolute change in morphine consumption, VAS scores, and QoR-15 scores did not exceed the reported minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) (morphine consumption: 10 mg; VAS scores: 1.5 at rest and 1.8 during movement; QoR-15 scores: 8.0). The MCIDs of other outcomes have not been reported in literature. The triple and quadruple nerve block groups showed no significant differences in these outcomes between each other. The three groups did not show a significant difference in complication rates.ConclusionAdding ONB or ONB + LFCNB to ACB + IPACK can statistically reduce morphine consumption, improve early pain relief, and functional recovery. However, the absolute change in morphine consumption, VAS scores, and QoR-15 scores did not exceed the MCIDs. Based on our findings and considering the sample size of this study, there is not enough clinical evidence to support the triple or quadruple nerve block use within a multimodal analgesic pathway after TKA.