局部晚期下咽癌调强放疗剂量分割模式改变对急性放疗反应的影响*

目的：评价改变剂量分割模式的调强放疗同步联合化疗治疗局部晚期下咽鳞癌的安全性。方法：对解放军总医院调强放疗（IMRT）联合含顺铂方案化疗的下咽鳞癌患者进行改变分割剂量的研究。以pGTV 的处方剂量分为2 组：常规剂量组（组1）自2008年8 月至2013年2 月,为回顾性分析,pGTV 处方剂量70Gy,2.12Gy/f ,共33次,5 次/ 周;试验剂量组（组2）自2013年2 月开始,为前瞻性分析,pGTV 处方剂量69Gy,2.30Gy/f ,共30次,5 次/ 周。比较两种剂量分割模式对急性不良反应的影响。结果：自2008年8 月1 日至2014年12月1 日共76例符合入组条件的患者完成放疗,其中组1 含35例,组2 含41例。全组患者无3 级口干症,3 级皮肤损伤、口腔黏膜炎及吞咽困难的发生率较低,无≥ 4 级不良反应。两组的急性皮肤损伤、口干症、口腔黏膜炎、吞咽困难比较差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。IMRT 技术差异对急性不良反应无明显影响。诱导化疗（ICT ）为急性口干症的独立性影响因子（P = 0.002）。结论：初步结果显示,69Gy/30f 剂量分割模式 IMRT 在下咽癌安全有效,远期不良反应及疗效仍需进一步观察。     

TNM‐based stage groupings in head and neck cancer: Application in cancer of the hypopharynx

Background.

The purpose of this study was to test the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC)/TNM category–based head and neck cancer stage grouping systems proposed in the literature for their ability to create clinically relevant prognostic groups of like‐patients with cancer of the hypopharynx.

Methods.

Population‐based retrospective survival study of 595 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx across Ontario, Canada, from January 1990 to January 2000. The grouping systems of UICC/TNM, T and N Integer Score (TANIS), Hart, Berg, Snyderman, Kiricuta, and Hall were tested and compared for prognostic ability using hazard consistency, hazard discrimination, percent variance explained, outcome prediction, and balance.

Results.

All 8 systems predicted disease‐specific survival. The system proposed by Snyderman performed the best, and UICC/TNM sixth edition did not perform as well as most.

Conclusion.

The UICC/TNM stage group classification, although successful in creating statistically distinct groups, did not perform as well as other stage grouping systems, continuing a theme that has been reported previously. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009     

Cytomegalovirus colitis after administration of docetaxel-5-fluorouracil-cisplatin chemotherapy for locally advanced hypopharyngeal cancer.

We present the case of a patient with a locally advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma who developed a severe cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis after his first chemotherapy course with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), docetaxel and cisplatin. The most probable cause of his CMV colitis is the impaired immunity during a phase of neutropenia after the chemotherapy. Although there was amelioration of the colitis and clinical status after treatment with ganciclovir, the patient later deteriorated and died due to recurrent bacterial infections. This is the third reported case of CMV colitis treated with ganciclovir in a patient with a solid tumour. It is the first report of CMV colitis after docetaxel containing chemotherapy.Although CMV colitis is most frequently observed in immunosuppressed patients such as those with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), transplants and corticosteroid treatment, it has also been reported in less immunosuppressed (elderly, malnourished, ...) and even non-immunosuppressed patients. CMV infection should therefore be included in the differential diagnosis of GI disease in all patients, and when suspected, the clinician should pursue appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.     

下咽及颈段食管鳞癌的治疗

目的：研究下咽及颈段食管鳞癌的治疗效果。方法：回顾性分析117例初治下咽及颈段食管鳞癌不同治疗方法的效果。结果：总3年生存率为60．0％，术前放疗原发灶达到完全缓解与非完全缓解者3年生存率分别为82.0%、45.0%。术后发生并发症27例（23．1％）。死亡47例，其中局部复发未控15例（31．9％），颈部复发未控11例（23．4％），远处转移6例（12．8％）。术前放疗喉功能保留率为46．3％，而单纯手术或术后放疗者为27．3％。结论：术前放疗为主的综合治疗可提高下咽颈段食管鳞癌的生存率及喉功能的保留率；术前放疗完全缓解者生存率较高。局部复发与颈部淋巴结转移是下咽颈段食管癌的主要死亡原因。     

The influence of lymph node metastasis in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx: N0 versus N+

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Management of the N0 neck is a continuing controversy. The study compares the influence of N0 and N+ disease on the results of treating squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) of the oral cavity (OC), oropharynx (OP), larynx (LX), and hypopharynx (HP) with five different treatment modalities. The study also compares the results of four different approaches to the treatment of the N0 neck. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of 3887 patients. METHODS: Patients in the Tumor Research Project of the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of the Washington University School of Medicine (St. Louis, MO) with biopsy-proven previously untreated SCCA of one of the four above-mentioned regions who were treated with curative intent by one of five modalities and who were eligible for 5-year follow-up were included in the study. The treatment modalities included local resection of primary alone (LR), composite resection (primary with neck dissection) (CR), radiation therapy alone (RT), local resection with radiation therapy (LR/RT), and composite resection with radiation therapy (CR/RT). The N0 neck was treated with one of four approaches: observation with close follow-up reserving treatment only for subsequent neck disease, neck dissection, RT to the neck region, and a combination of neck dissection with RT. Multiple diagnostic, treatment, and follow-up parameters were studied using standard statistical analyses to determine statistical significance. RESULTS: The 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) for the all-sites group (ASG) was 59%. The DSS for the subsites included the following: OC, 53%; OP, 47%; LX, 70%; and HP, 42%. Patients with N0 disease had significantly better DSS than patients with N+ disease at all sites. Occult neck disease in N0 patients was low with 4% pN1 for ASG, OC, and LX and with 11% pN1 for OP and HP. There was 3% pN2 for LX, 4% pN2 for ASG and OC, and 6% pN2 for OP and HP. The DSS for patients with occult neck disease was statistically similar to that of N+ patients. Prognostic survival indicators included age, decade of treatment, T stage, N stage, TN stage, treatment modality, and recurrence. Patients over 65 years of age had poorer DSS than younger patients. Staging T, N, and TN affected survival at all sites. Local resection produced better DSS for ASG, OC, LX, and HP patients. Local resection with radiation therapy produced increased DSS for ASG and OC patients. There was no survival advantage for HP patients related to treatment modality. Treatment of the N0 neck with observation and later treatment for subsequent neck disease produced a survival advantage for patients in the ASG. This advantage was specific for ASG and LX patients staged T1N0. For patients staged T2N0, T3N0, and T4N0 at all four subsites there was no survival advantage for any of the four neck approaches. CONCLUSION: Lymph node metastasis significantly and negatively affects DSS in patients with SCCA of the OC, OP, LX and HP. The rate of occult neck disease (pN+) in N0 patients receiving meticulous workup is low. When present, it produces DSS rates similar to those found in N+ patients. In the study series, there was decreased survival in patients older than 65 years of age, in patients with advanced tumor (T, N, TN), and in patients with recurrent disease. None of the four current approaches to treatment of the N0 neck produces a significant survival advantage. Close observation with later treatment reserved for subsequent neck disease produces statistically similar survival (DSS) to the three elective (prophylactic) treatments and is a valid form of treatment. It may preclude unnecessary treatment of the neck with its attendant risks and complications.